Biên soạn bởi các giáo viên tại CPlus English, bám sát chương trình mới Friends Global. Đề cương bao gồm lý thuyết ngữ pháp về thì và bài tập áp dụng, mở rộng. Các điểm ngữ pháp trong đề cương này bao gồm: Present Simple Present Continuous Past Simple Present Perfect
Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri GRAMMAR FOCUS – TENSES A> GRAMMAR: PRESENT SIMPLE I Functions: Present Simple can be used to: • Describe a _ or a _ action: My brother goes swimming every morning He watches news on TV in the evening We usually a lot of homework after school II • Talk about _ or _ in the present: Mr John works for an advertising agency Joseph loves going to cafes every now and then • Talk about _: The Sun rises in the East Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius • Describe _/ _: The train for Da Lat leaves at 5:00 PM tomorrow • Describe time in the _, after conjunctions such as: after, when, before, as soon as, until, once Come and see me when you arrive in Ha Noi! I’ll pick her up at the airport as soon as her plane lands Form: + Affirmative: I/ You/ We/ They + V bare He/ She/ It + Vs/es | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri + Negative: I/ You/ We/ They + not + Vbare He/ She/ It + does not + Vbare Shortened form: not = _; does not = _ + Question: Do + I/ you/ we/ they + Vbare Does + he/ she/ it + Vbare III s/es – how to add + Verbs ending with -o, -s, -ch, -x, -sh, -z >> add –es > _ wash > _ miss > _ go > _ watch > _ buzz > _ catch > _ fax > _ smash > _ + Verbs in consonant + -y >> change –y to –ies study > _ fly > _ comply > _ hurry > _ supply > _ apply > _ + Others >> add –s run > _ play > _ cook > _ chat > _ stay > _ test > _ cast > _ fasten > _ print > _ IV s/es – how to pronounce: + Pronounce as /s/: verbs ending with /f/, /k/, /p/, /t/, // Example: + Pronounce as /iz/: verbs ending with: -se, -ss, -ce, -z, -x, -sh, -ch, -ge Example: + Pronounce as /z/: others Example: V Adverbs of frequency: | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri + End-sentence adverbs: every day, every week, once a month, twice a year, three times a year, etc + Mid-sentence adverbs: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, rarely, hardly, ever, never, etc - BE + Adverb: I am always late for school - Adverb + Verb: Peter usually goes anywhere at weekends - Auxiliary + Adverb + BE/Verb: The exercises can sometimes be too difficult for students He doesn’t often go to work on time - Usually/ Sometimes at the beginning or at the end: Usually, the weather is very cold here It’s snowy sometimes - Hardly/ Rarely/ Barely/ Seldom/ Never + do/does + S + V Seldom does she have time for shopping Never are they afraid of cockroaches | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri B> GRAMMAR: PRESENT CONTINUOUS I Functions: Present Continuous can be used to: Describe an _ action at the current time (now, right now, at the moment, at present, at the time being, ): My father is watering the garden at the moment My cats are chasing a mouse around the house • Describe a _ action/ event/ trend that may _ in the future: Dave is studying economics at university Jacob is working on his project this week Young people are going crazy about local brands nowadays • Talk about something that is _ (today, this morning, this week, this month, this year, ): He drinks coffee every morning but this morning he is having tea We ride our bike to school every day but today we are taking the bus • Express a _ (be + always + Ving) That boy is always talking in class My neighbor is always singing karaoke so loudly at night • Describe a _ in the future (= be going to): The government is building a bridge over this river soon We are going on a holiday next summer • | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri We RARELY use Present Continuous with: Verbs of thinking and feeling: believe, dislike, hate, know, like, love, prefer, realize, recognize, remember, suppose, think (=believe), understand, want, wish Verbs of the senses: appear (=seem), feel, look, smell, sound, taste Others: agree, belong, disagree, need, owe, own, possess II Form: + Affirmative: I + am + V-ing He/She/It + is + V-ing You/We/They + are + V-ing + Negative: I + am not + V-ing He/She/It + is not + V-ing You/We/They + are not + V-ing Shortened form: not = _; does not = _ + Question: Am + I + V-ing Is + he/she/it + V-ing Are + you/we/they + V-ing | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri PRACTICE I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others: A riches B services C lectures D languages A invites B needs C scares D hurries A marks B applies C pulls D enables A roofs B schools C buildings D champions A figures B times C capsules D faces II Choose the correct answer for each sentence: She goes to school by bus once a year/ every week Hardly/ Usually I spend lots of money He sometimes/ barely sends any money back to his family, although he has a lot of it Sometimes/ Often there is a group of students playing in the park The Johnsons aren’t at home during the weekend, every day/ 10 usually They every week/ often go skiing in the summer Come around and visit me always/ sometimes! There are hardly/ often are any elephants left in Vietnam Always/ Never I ever dream of being a doctor The workers seldom/ often go on strike in this city In fact, they it every week! III Choose the correct answer Only one is correct Hey! How _ you _? A – get B did – C have – done D – VW cars _ in Germany and the Czech Republic A was made B are made C made D had made You _ ever need to remind Tom; he always remembers A often B always C hardly D X It was such a beautiful day that we _ like going swimming | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A feel B had felt C was feeling D felt Her brother _ working on the group essay, although the 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 deadline is tomorrow! A always delays B always delayed C is often delaying D is always delaying Next week when there _ a full moon, the ocean tides will be higher A is B is being C will be D will have been You should _ check your gasoline before starting your trip A always B hardly C never D sometimes Don’t _ to see me tonight I need to meet a client A are coming B will come C come D came Linda will go abroad as soon as she _ this English course A completes B will complete C will have completed D completed My relatives _ to see me _ I love to see them A come – always B will come – sometimes C come – sometimes D came – often _ your room and the windows, please A Clean B Are cleaning C Will clean D Cleaned We can _ get a suitable table in this café It is too crowded all the time A usually B sometimes C often D never The alarm _ at o’clock every morning A goes of B rings C sounds D Both A&B Thousands of people _ by wars, famine, and natural disasters every day A kill B are killing C is killed D are being killed It often takes me 40 minutes to _ in the morning A get ready B C prepare D Both A&C We work hard about two hours before we _ a rest | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A get B take C D make 17 He is used to _ early in the morning because he’s a farmer 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 A get up B get down C getting up D getting down I’m so hungry Right now I only _ a freshly cooked meal A is wanting B am wanting C want D wanted I _ on a new project in my company this month A work B worked C am working D am worked “Attention all passengers! The London-Edinburgh train _ at the station Please check your luggage before exiting.” A approaches B approach C are approaching D is approaching It’s so hot today I _ like having an ice-cream A am feeling B is feeling C feel D feels A new supermarket _ in this city center A is built B will build C is being built D builds I’ll call you as soon as I _ in Paris A will arrive B am arriving C arrive D will have arrived “What you usually after classes?” – “I _ go to the swimming pool but I also help my father with this work _.” A often – sometimes B always – more often C never – everyday D usually – all day “What time you usually go to bed every night?” – “I _ go to bed _ 10 o’clock.” A never – at B usually – until C never – before D sometimes – on “Are you free on Friday afternoon?” – “I’m afraid not I _ away in the afternoon.” A am always going B never go C am rarely D am usually “What time you often get up in the morning?” – “Oh About o’clock Sometimes I _ up before the sun _.” | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A had got – rose B got – rise C get – rises D will get – rises 28 “I am going to meet Paul Can I help you?” – “Please _ him to me a favour when you _ him.” A asks – see B ask – will see C to ask – see D ask – see 29 “You think John is an interesting person, don’t you?” – “Certainly He often _ when he _ with us.” A laughed – was talking B laughs – talks C laugh – is talking D is laughing – is talking 30 “The story is very exciting Why you stop telling it?” – “Look! The teacher is looking at us He _ the lesson until we _ all quiet.” A never starts – were B never started – are C never starts – are D never started – were Read the passage carefully and the task below: I enjoy walking It’s good exercise and it gets me into (1) _ city I think that’s (2) _ I have a dog She needs (3) _ out and so I have a reason to go for a walk I go every Sunday and it doesn’t (4) _ to me if it’s cold, windy and raining or a beautiful sunny day I just love to get away from people and be (5) _ for a few hours I always (6) _ home at the same time every Sunday and walk over the hills to a little village in the country The walk isn’t very (7) _, only about an hour, but it’s quite hard work because I have to walk up the hill and down the other side (8) _ I get to the village, I go to the pub for a beer and (9) _ food After lunch, I walk back along a (10) _ path and arrive home in time for tea A a B an C the D X IV 10 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A that B what A going B that we go A worry B matter A alone B lone A leave B go A extended B long A On B As A a B the 10 A separated B another C why C to go C trouble C sole C depart C far away C By C some C diferent D for what D go D bother D lonely D set of D lengthy D When D any D other Read the passage carefully and the task below: Every morning I get up at six The first thing I is to wash the dishes my family dirtied the day before Then I cook breakfast We eat at about seven fifteen Usually we have bread with butter Sometimes we have rice or boiled sweet potatoes It takes me about ten minutes to walk to school, and school begins with an assembly period at seven forty-five There are fifteen hundred students in our school and so we meet in three separate assemblies: the infant department, the middle department, and the senior department We always listen attentively to the head mistress then diferent class call the roll for the attendance We have seven periods from eight to one We study Mathematics, Geography, History, Arts and Crafts, and English I like English best and next to that, Mathematics At ten, we have a chance to eat some snacks We not rest at noon At one, we clean up our classroom and the school is closed Then I go home for lunch We often eat yams with soup and some other dishes After lunch, I usually sleep for half an hour In the afternoon, I often play netball I sometimes skip, run, and jump with other girls V 11 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri At about six or six thirty we have dinner Either my sister or I cook it The meal is simpler than the mid-day meal We eat fruit or rice, and sometimes we have bread and tea Then in the morning, I my homework and go to bed at about ten The first thing the girl has to in the morning is to: A clean the floor B wash the dishes C cook the meal D study her lessons At about seven fifteen, her family _ A have breakfast B go to work C morning exercise D boil some water She often spends about _ minutes walking to school A ten B twenty C thirty D forty Her school begins at _ A six B six thirty C seven D seven forty-five How many assemblies are there in her school? A one B two C three D four How many periods does she study every day? A five B six C seven D eight What subject does she like best at school? A English B Maths C Crafts D History At one, after they _ their classroom, the children go home A lock B clean up C close D turn on Lunch is also known as the _ meal of a day A first B last C mid-day D mid-noon 12 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri C> GRAMMAR: PAST SIMPLE I Functions: Past Simple can be used to: • Describe a _ action in the past with known _: We watched a very intense football match last night She finished her study at university two years ago II • Describe actions that happened one after another in the past: Last night, someone broke into my house, stole a motorbike and damaged some furniture • Describe a _ in the _: I went fishing twice every week when I was in the countryside We often flew a kite over the open field after a long day at school Forms: + Affirmative: S + Ved/2 + Negative: S + did not + Vbare Shortened: did not = _; + Question: Did + S + Vbare 13 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri III ed – how to add: + Regular verbs ending with consonant + -y >> change -y to - ied study > _ comply > _ apply > _ hurry > _ supply > _ + Regular verbs with one syllable, ending in consonant-vowelconsonant (except from -w, -y, -x) >> double the last consonant + ed hop > _ bow > _ rub > _ mix > _ stop > _ ban > _ run > _ play > _ hit > _ fix > _ read > _ IV ed – how to pronounce: + Pronounce as /id/: verbs ending with /t/, /d/ Example: + Pronounce as /t/: verbs ending with /s/, -sh, -x, -ss, -k, -p, /f/, -ch, -ce Example: + Pronounce as /d/: Others Example: D> GRAMMAR: PRESENT PERFECT I Functions: • Talk about an event in the _ without a _: • I have met that man before I have taught myself how to speak Spanish Talk about _ (so far, recently, lately, ): I have read 20 pages of this book so far She has written novels as an author 14 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri • Talk about an action that _ in the past and _ until • • • II the present (for + period of time, since + point in time): I'm really tired because I have worked for a long time Dave has worked at that company for five years I have played the piano since I was Talk about how many _ something has happened: I have visited Sydney once My uncle has visited Paris several times This is the second time the singer has been on a big stage I have never been to London Talk about something that has just happened (just): She has just come back from the supermarket Oh Tom? I have just met him Talk about unfinished work (yet): Sorry Mister! We haven't finished our homework yet Forms: + Affirmative: I/You/We/They + have + V3 He/She/It + has + V3 + Negative: I/You/We/They + have not + V3 He/She/It + has not + V3 have not = _; has not = _ + Question: Have + I/You/We/They + V3 Has + He/She/It + V3 PRACTICE 15 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced II differently from the others: A invited B needed A marked B applied A packed B added A agreed B succeeded A packed B punched C sacred C pulled C worked C smiled C pleased D hurried D enabled D pronounced D loved D pushed Choose the correct answer Only one is correct I haven't met him again since we _ school ten years ago A have left B leave C left D had left Mr Pike _ for this company for more than 30 years, and he intends to stay here until he _ A worked – retires B work – is retiring C has worked – retires D is working – will retire They _ a happily married couple for over 50 years A have been B had been C has been D were My parents have left for English since I _ at primary school A have been B was C had been D am His English _ a lot since he took an English course with Mr John A improves B is improving C improved D has improved Call me as soon as you _ your test result A get B will get C will have got D got I will come and see you before I _ for America A leave B will leave C have left D left John _ in the same house since he _ school A lived – left B had lived – is leaving C was living - was leaving D has lived – left Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire _ by J K Rowling A written B wrote C was written D were written 16 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri 10 Since the appearance of karaoke machines, they _ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 A had been widely used B have been widely used C are widely D were widely The students _ to stand up while the national anthem _ and the flag _ A are taught - is sung - was raised B taught - sang- is being raised C are taught - is being sung - is being raised D were taught - sang - raise I _ by taxi today because my motorbike _ A go - repairs B go - is repaired C is going - is repairing D am going - is being repaired The last time I _ her was two months _ A had met – ago B have met – before C met – ago D met - X The flood victims _ with food and clean water by the volunteers A provided B were provided C were providing D provide In the past, people under the age of 20 _ to take driving tests, but now they _ to A are not allowed - were allowed B were not allowed - are allowed C are allowed - were allowed D were allowed - are not allowed "When did you last hear from Linda?" - "The last time _ when I _ for Paris." A was – leave B was – left C is – have left D is - left "Why are you so sad today? What happened?" - "My younger sister _ all night so I _ my homework." A cried – never finished B cries – sometimes finishes C cried – couldn’t finish D cried – didn’t want to finish 17 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri 18 The twins _ after by a German nanny for the last three 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 years, so they can both speak German quite fluently A have been looked B were being looked C have been looking D are looking The traditions in our family _ from generation to generation, and I expect this will continue in the future A may have been passed down B were being passed down C are going to be passed down D have been passed down My passport _ last year while I was on vacation A was stolen B was being stolen C had been stolen D stole Most of the e-mail accounts at our company _ by a virus last week A have been afected B were afected C afected D was afected Claire's study _ by her advisor right now A had been reviewed B is being reviewed C is reviewed D was revied They met in 1942 and _ on they were firm friends A since B from then C up till now D since then He _ London two years ago and I _ him since then A left/hadn't seen B left/haven’t seen C was living/haven't seen D left/didn’t see Jim, _ since you got home from football practice? A are you eating B had you eaten C did you eat D have you eaten Martina Hingis _ her first tennis racket at the age of two A picked up B has picked up C had picked up D will pick up "Who is the women in red dress? Do you know? - "No, I _ who she is I _ her before." 18 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A I didn't know/had seen B didn’t know/ hasn’t seen C hadn't known/hadn't seen D don’t know/hasn’t seen 28 She is disappointed with the exam result She _ a bad mark before A ever had got B had never got C never had got D has never got 29 I _ as a hotel telephonist from May 2001 to May 2011 A had worked B would work C worked D used to working 30 "How often did your daughter phone you when she was abroad?" " _ " A She phones us every day B She doesn't phone us anymore C She used to phone us twice a week D She phoned us for a long time 19 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri III Choose the part that needs correcting My sister (A) says that she (B) is like to be (C) on her own (D) sometimes The oceans (A) contained many (B) forms of life that (C) have not (D) yet been discovered (A) As always, we (B) are stuck in the traffic jam when we (C) were on our way home (D) from work this afternoon (A) Do you think people (B) is afraid of things they (C) don't (D) understand? The first (A) living structures (B) to appear on earth thousands of years ago (C) were (D) liking viruses Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D Mr Longman's a publisher He (1) _ books, magazines, maps, and CD-ROMs He works very hard in his job His company is a big one, (2) _ it has many branches nationwide He travels (3) _ business a lot One day he is in Hanoi, (4) _ day he’s in Kuala Lumpur or Beijing IV He has just come back from one of his trips to a neighboring country of Vietnam He (5) _ a world's book fair there and signed some (6) _ with his international counterparts Yesterday he intended to stay a few days with his family in Ho Chi Minh city, but he had to (7) _his plan at the last minutes because of an (8) _ telephone call from Hanoi Mr Longman loves his job (9) _ he thinks he can help poor students and his (10) _ to buy high-quality books at low price A writes A but A on B edits B and B in C publishes C however C for D reviews D because D with 20 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A some B other A organized B attended A agreements B treaties A stop B charge A important B essential A although B despite 10 A friends B colleagues C the other C enjoyed C principles C forget C urgent C because C authors D another D admired D contracts D delay D impolite D because of D readers Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question Hello! My name's Andrew I grew up on a farm We had to care for the animals morning and evening, seven days a week Even during school vacations and on weekends there was work to I was paid for work From the age of ten, I was paid a dollar an hour Because I was paid a small salary, I learned how to save and budget my money When I was only eleven, I saved enough to buy a ten-speed bicycle In high school, I took a job in a nearby town during the summer to save money for college I learned how to manage money at an early age I also learned the satisfaction of work well-done Doing hard work at an early age taught me how rewarding it can be These experiences taught me confidence and self-discipline Andrew had to _ when he was young A work the whole day during school vacations and on weekends B work very hard to earn his living C look after the animals morning and evening seven days per week D buy some bicycles for his brothers and sisters Andrew learned how to save his money at an early age _ A because he was a very selfish person B because of his poverty C because he worked very hard D because of his small income When Andrew was at high school _ V 21 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A he got a small pay for work B know how rewarding working could be C to be confident and self-discipline D All are correct What we can infer from the passage is that Andrew _ A was a person who had a very hard life B was a person who was well-known for his hard work C was a person who was very independent and responsible D was a very good and generous person VI Choose the sentences A, B, C or D that has the same meaning as the original Mr John never drinks wine or beer before he goes to bed A Drinking wine or beer before going to bed is not a good habit B Mr John is said not to drink wine or beer before he goes to bed C Never does Mr John drink wine or beer before going to bed D Mr John thinks that he never drinks wine or beer before bedtime We used to go swimming in the river near our house A There used to be a river near our house where we went swimming B We were fond of going swimming in the river near our house C Our habit is going swimming in the river near our house D We went swimming in the river near our house I wish my old friends would come to visit me more often A My old friends never come to visit me and I wish for their visit B My old friends sometimes come to visit me but I expect they will more often C My old friends rarely come to visit me and I feel very sad D My wish is that my old friends would come to visit me every day Paul seldom went to the theatre though he lived in a big city A Paul seldom went to the theatre despite having lived in a big city B Seldom did Paul go to the theatre in spite of living in a big city 22 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri C Paul seldom went to the theatre although did he live in a big city D Despite the fact that Paul lived in a big city seldom he went to the theatre The advertisements shown on TV at o'clock always make my children feel enjoyable A Our children always feel enjoyable when watching the advertisements shown on TV at o'clock B Always the advertisements shown on TV at o'clock make our children feel enjoyable C Our children hardly enjoy watching other advertisements shown on TV D Never our children enjoy watching any other advertisement on TV 23 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses ... was written D were written 16 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri 10 Since the appearance of karaoke machines, they _ 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 A had been widely used... swimming | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri A feel B had felt C was feeling D felt Her brother _ working on the group essay, although the 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 deadline... beer and (9) _ food After lunch, I walk back along a (10 ) _ path and arrive home in time for tea A a B an C the D X IV 10 | Grade 10 – Grammar Focus – Tenses Compiled by Ms.Trang & Mr.Tri