Breaking the Vicious Cycle Intestinal Health Through Diet Breaking The VICIOUS C y c l e Intestinal Health Through Diet BY Elaine Gottschall B A , M Sc The Kirkton Press Baltimore, Ontario, Canada Cop.
Breaking The VICIOUS Intestinal Health C y c l e Through Diet BY Elaine Gottschall B.A., M.Sc The Kirkton Press Baltimore, Ontario, Canada Copyright 2004 Elaine Gotfschall All rights reserved Published by K i o n Ress Ltd 396 Grills Road RR #2 Baltimore Ontario KOK lCU Printed and bound in Canada Orders for additional copies of this book may be sent to The Kirkton Press (an order form is available on the last page of this book) Eleventh Printing-April, 2004 Canadian Cataloguing in Publication Data Gottschall, Elaine Gloria, 1921Breaking the vicious cycle: intestinal health through diet Rev ed of: Food and the gut reaction: intestinal health through diet Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 0-%92768- 1-8 I Intestines-Diseases-Diet therapy Inflammatory bowel diseases-Diet therapy I Title 11 Title: Food and the gut reaction: intestinal health through diet No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review written for inclusion in a magazine, newspaper, or broadcast Design & Cover Illustration-Marilyn Jones OTABIND W n d las-bnd) Thnr bOO* has been barnd t~mgerbown me spms and ~ h pages s WII I I nat ~ Bound t o stay o p e n ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the research, writing, and publishing of this book I received moral, intellectual, and emotional support from many people Among these, the following people stand out and to them goes my deepest appreciation: Dr Donald B McMillan for his time, expertise, support, and friendship Catheryne Dahlke for her ability to establish order and coherence to the present reorganization of this book With "one foot" in biological sciences and the other in the world of publishing, she has accomplished the task of making me proud of the 2004 edition of Breaking the Vicious Cycle, featuring the new chapter on autism Patricia Wilson for her friendship and willingness to share her artistic talents by producing the illustrations Diane Jewkes for her patience and expertise in editing the manuscript Sue Brown, Callie Cesarini, Marge Moulton, Debbie Newsted, and Jane Sexsmith for their good humor and assistance in helping me execute the numerous revisions Valerie Tabone and Sandra Rule of the Department of Graphic Services (University of Western Ontario) for their cooperation and expertise in typesetting and artistic layout of the manuscript My husband, Herbert, for his unlimited patience, moral support, and continual prodding to "write the book." My daughter, Judith Lynn Herod, and her friend, Tad Crohn, for their superb job of initial editing My daughter, Joan Beth Gottschall, for her continual encouragement IMPORTANT NOTICE TO THE READER: This book contains a diet and nutritional information that, in the author's experience, has helped those who have followed it The author recognizes that the treatment of illness and the enhancement of health through diet should be supervised by a duly qualified physician Readers should not engage in self diagnosis and self treatment Consult your doctor before starting the regimen proposed here This book will be particularly complemented by discussions with a physician who has a particular interest or training in nutrition The author and publisher not assume medical or legal liability for the use or misuse of the information and regimen contained in this book The progress of science implies not only the accumulation of knowledge, but its organization, its unification, and this involves the periodic invention of new syntheses, coordinating existing knowledge, and of new hypotheses which give us methods of approaching the unknown George Sarton Introduction to the History ofscience DEDICATION This book is dedicated to the memory of Dr Sidney Valentine Haas who first showed me the importance of understanding the effect of food on the body TABLE OF CONTENTS .I-IV Foreword by Ronald L Hoffman M.D CHAPTER Past and Present CHAPTER Scientific Evidence Relating to Diet 11 Breaking the Vicious Cycle 17 Carbohydrate Digestion 21 The Celiac Story 31 The Brain Connection 45 The Autism Conrlection 51 CHAPTER Intestinal Microbes: The Unseen World CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER 61 The Specific Carbohydrate Diet 73 CHAPTER Introducing the Diet CHAPTER GOURMET SECTION Addendum: 83 The Mom and Dad Brigade 163 Glossary 175 177 Appendix 180 References 189 203 For Those on the Internet Index 196 References 16 Brunser, and M Araya 1984 Damage and repair of small intestinal mucosa in acute and chronic diarrhea In Chronic Diarrhea in Children Ed E Lebenthal Nestle VeveyIRaven Press, New York 17 Dvorak, A.M., A.B Connell, and G R Dickersin 1979 Crohn's disease: A scanning electron microscopic study Human Pathology 10:165- 177 18 Lee, P.C 2984 Transient carbohydrate malabsorption and intolerance in diarrhea disease of infancy In Chronic Diarrhea of Children Ed E Lebenthal Nestle, VeveyIRaven Press, New York 19 Pope, C.E 11 1983 Involvement of the esophagus by infections, systemic illnesses and physical agents In GastrointestinaI Disease Eds M.H Sleisenger and J.S Fordtran W B Saunders Co., Philadelphia 20 Anderson, I.H., A.S Levine, and M.D Levitt 1981 Incomplete absorption of the carbohydrate in all-purpose wheat flour New England Journal of Medicine 304:89 1-892 21 Feibusch, J.M and P.R Holt 1982 Impaired absorptive capacity for carbohydrate in the aging human Digestive diseases and Sciences 27:1095-1100 22 Rackis, J.J 1975 Oligosaccharides of food legumes: Alpha-galactosidase activity and the flatus problem In PhysioIogri.aI Eyects @Food Carbohydrates Eds A Jeanes and J Hodge American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C 23 Fisher, S.E., G Leone, R.H Kelly 1981 Chronic protracted diarrhea: Intolerance to dietary glucose polymers Pediatrics 67:271-273 24 Lebenthal, E., L Heitlinger, P.C Lee, K.S Nord, C Holdge, S.P Brooks, and D George 1983 Corn syrup sugars: In vitro and in vivo digestibility and clinical tolerance in acute diarrhea of infancy Journal of Pediatrics 103:29-34 25 Juliano, B.O 1972 Physicochemical properties of starch and protein in relation to grain quality and nutritional value of rice Internation Rice Research Institute (Los Banos) Annual Report 26 Weiner, M and J VanEys 1983 In Nicotinic Acid Marcel Dekker, Inc New York 27 Cooke, W.T and G.K.T Holmes 1984 Coeliac Disease Churchill Livingstone, New York 28 Gunja-Smith, Z., J.J Marshall, C Mercier, E.E Smith, and W.J Whelan 1970 A revision of the Meyer-Bernfield model of glycogen and amylopectin FEBS Letters 12:101- 104 29 Davidson, G.P and R.R.W Townley 1977 Structural and functional abnormalities of the small intestine due to nutritional folic acid deficiency in infancy journal of Paediatrics 90:590-595 Chapter 6: The Celiac Story Crichton, M 1968 A Case ofNeed Penguin Books, New York, p 84 Aretaeus the Cappadocian 1856 On the Cause and Symptoms of Chronic Disease The Sydenham Society, London References 197 Gull, W 1853, Fatty Stools from Disease of the Mesenteric Glands Guy's Hospital Report 1:369 Gee, S 1888 On the Coeliac Affection St Bartholomew's Hospital Report 24:17 Herter, C 1908 On Znfinh'lismcfiom Chronic Intestinal Infech'on MacMillan, New York Newland, J 1921 Prolonged intolerance to carbohydrates Transactions of American Pediatric Society 44: 11 Golden Jubiliee World Tribute to Dr Sidney V Haas 1949 The Stoly of Dr Sidng K Haas New York Academy of Medicine, New York Haas, S.V and M.P Haas 1951 Management of Celiac Disease J B Lippincott Company, Philadelphia p.x Editorial, April 5, 1949 New York Times p 28, col 10 Physicians Honor Pediatric Pioneer April 6, 1949 New York Times p 34, col 11 Haas, S.V and M.P Haas 1951 Management of Celiac Disease J B Lippincott Company, Philadelphia 12 Anderson, C.M., J.M French, H.H Sammons, A.C, Frazer, J.W Gerrard, and J.M Smellie 1952 Coeliac disease: Gastrointestinal studies and the effect of dietary wheat flour Lancet 1: 836-842 13 Matthews, D.M 1975 Intestinal absorption of peptides Physiological Review 55:537-608 14 Moog, F 1981 The lining of the small intestine Scientific American 245:154-176 15 Cluysenaer,.O.J J and J.H.M.vanTongeren 1977 Malabsorption in Coeliac Sprue Martinus Nijhoff Medical Division, Hague 16 Phelan, J.J., F.M.Stevens, W.F Cleere, B McNicholl, C.F McCarthy, and P.F Fottrell 1978 The detoxification of gliadin by the enzymic cleavage of a side-chain substituent In Perspech'ves in Coeliac Disease Eds B McNicholl, C.F McCarthy and P.F Fottrell University Park Press, Baltimore 17 Stevens, EM., J.J Phelan, B McNicholl, F.R Comerford, P.F Fottrell, and C.F McCarthy 1978 Clinical demonstration of the reduction of gliadin toxicity by enzymic cleavage of side-chain substituent In Perspectives in Coeliac Disease Eds B McNicholl, C.F McCarthy, and P.F Fottrell University Park Press, Baltimore A.S Levine, and M.D Levitt 1981 Incomplete absorp18 Anderson, I.H., tion of the carbohydrate in all purpose wheat flour New England Journal of Medicine 304:89 1-892 19 Cooke, W.T and G.K.T Holmes 1984 Coeliac Disease Churchill Livingstone, New York 20 Congdon, P., M.K Mason, S Smith, A Crollick, A Steel, and J Littlewood 1981 Small bowel mucosa in asymptomatic children with celiac disease American Journal of Disease in Children 135: 118- 122 198 References 21 Rubin, C.E., L.L Brandborg, A.L Flick, P Phelps, C Parmentier, and S van Niel 1962 Studies in celiac sprue 111 The effect of repeated wheat instillation into the proximal ileum of patients on a gluten-free diet Gastroenterology 43:62 1-641 22 Bleumink, E., 1974 Allergens and toxic protein in food In Coeliac Disease Eds W.T.J.M Hekkens and A.S Peiia Stenfert Kroese Leiden 23 Weiser, M.M 1976 An alternative mechanism for gluten toxicity in coeliac disease Lancet 1:567-569 24 Baker, P.G and A.E Read 1976 Oats and barley toxicity in celiac patients Postgraduate Medical Journal 52:264-268 25 Strunk, R.C., J.L Pinnas, T.J John, R.C Hansen, and J.L Blazovich 1978 Rice hypersensitivity associated with serum complement depression Clinical Allergy 8:5 1-58 26 Vitoria, J.C., C Camarero, A Sojo, A Ruiz, and J Rodriguez-Soriano 1982 Enteropathy related to fish, rice, and chicken Archives of Disease in Childhood 57:44-48 27 Kagnoff, M.F 1995 Celiac disease In Textbook of Gastroenterology Vol Eds T Yamada et al J.B Lippincott Company, Philadelphia p., 1644 28 Creamer, B 1966 Coeliac thoughts Gut 7:569-571 29 Poley, J.R 1984 Ultrastructural topography of small bowel mucosa in chronic diarrhea in infants and children: Investigations with the scanning electron microscope In Chronic Diarrhea in Children Ed E Lebenthal Nestle, VeveyIRaven Press, New York 30 King, C.E and P.P Toskes 1979 Small intestine bacterial overgrowth Gastroenterology 76: 1035- 1055 31 Araya, M and J.A Walker-Smith 1975 Specificity of ultrastructural changes of small intestinal epithelium in early childhood Archives of Disease in Childhood 50:844-855 32 Brunser, and M Araya 1984 Damage and repair of small intestinal mucosa in acute and chronic diarrhea In Chronic Diarrhea in Children Ed E Lebenthal Nestle VeveyJRaven Press, New York 33 Holmes, G.K.T., P.L Stokes, T.M Sorahan, P Prior, J.A.H Waterhouse, and W.T Cooke 1976 Coeliac disease, gluten free diet, and malignancy Gut 17:612-619 34 Lifshitz, F and G Holman 1966 Familial celiac disease with intestinal disaccharidase deficiencies American journal of Digestive Diseases 11:377-387 35 Berg, N.O., A Dahlqvist, T Lindberg, and A Norden 1970 Intestinal dipeptidases and disaccharidases in celiac disease in adults Gastroenterology 59:575-582 36 Plotkin, G.R and K.J Isselbacher 1964 Secondary disaccharidase deficiency in adult celiac disease (non tropical sprue) and other malabsorption states New England Journal of Medicine 271 :1033-1037 37 Townley, R.R.W., K.T Khaw, and H Schwachman 1965 Quantitative assay of disaccharidase activities of small intestinal mucosal biopsy specimens in infancy and childhood Pediatrics 36:9 11-921 References 199 38 Arthur, A.B 1966 Intestinal disaccharidase deficiency in children with celiac disease Archives of Diseases in Children 41:519-524 39 Littman, A and J.B Hammond 1965 Diarrhoea in adults caused by deficiency in intestinal disaccharidases Gastroenterology 48:237-249 40 Personal correspondence (unpublished) Nov 6, 1996 From Jennifer Stenberg to Elaine Gottschall Writer's address; R R I., Holstein, Ont., Canada NOG 2A0 Chapter 7: The Brain Connection Cooke, WT and WT Smith 1966 Neurological disorders associated with adult coeliac disease Brain 89:683-722 Gracey, M.S 1981 Nutrition, bacteria, and the gut British Medical Bulletin 37:71-75 McEvoy, A.J., J Dutton, and O.F W James 1983 Bacterial contamination of the small intestine is an important cause of occult malabsorption in the elderly British Medical journal 287:789-793 Dakshinamurti, K 1982 Neurobiology of pyrodoxine In Advances in Nutritional Research Vol Ed H Draper Plenum Press, New York Levenson, A.J 1983 Organic brain syndromes, other nonfunctional psychiatric disorders, and pseudodementia In Fundamentals o f Genam'cMedicine Eds R.D.T Cape, R.M Coe, and Rossman Raven Press, New York Baruk, H 1978 Psychoses from digestive origins In The Biological Basis gfSchizophrenia Eds G and W H Hemmings University Park Press, Baltimore Buscaino, G.A 1978 The amino-hepato-entero-toxic theory of schizophrenia: an historical review In The Biologi'cal Bask ofschizophrenia Eds G and W.H Hemmings University Park Press, Baltimore Dohan, EC 1966 Cereals and schizophrenia-data and hypotheses Acta Psychiatry Scandinavia 42: 125-152 Hunter, J.0.1991 Food allergy-or enterometabolicdisorder? The Lancet 338:495-496 10 Truss, C Orian 1983 The Missing Diagnosis, R Box 26508, Birmingham, Alabama 35226 11 Stephen, A.M 1985 Effect of food on the intestinal microflora In Food and the Gut Eds J.O Hunter and V A Jones Bailhere andall, London 12 Man S Oh, K.R Phelps, M Traube, J.L Barbosa-Salvidar, C Boxhill, and H.J Carroll 1979 D-lactic acidosis in a man with the short-bowel syndrome The New England Journal of Medicine 301:249-252 13 Stolberg, L., R Rolfe, N Gitlin, J Merritt, L Mann, Jr., J Linder, and S Finegold 1982 D-lactic acidosis due to abnormal flora The New England journal of medicine 306:13441348 14 Perlmutter, D.H., J.T Boyle, J.M Campos, J.M Egler, and J.B Watkins, 1983 D-lactic acidosis in children: an unusual metabolic complication of small bowel resection The journal of Pediatrics 102:234-238 References 10 Mayne, A.J., D.J Handy, M.A Preece, R.H George, and I.W Booth 1990 Dietary management of D-lactic acidosis in short bowel syndrome Archives of Diseases of Childhood 65:229-23 11 Thurn, J.R., G.L Pierpont, C.W Ludvigsen, and J.H Eckfeldt 1985 Dlactate encephalopathy The American Journal of Medicine 79:717721 12 Melmud, R., C K Schneider, R A Fabes, et al 2000.Metabolic markers and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism and related disorders Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 31:A116 13 Wakefield, A.J., S H Murch, A Anthony, J Linnell, D M Casson, M Malik, M Berclowitz, A.P Dhillon, M A Thomson, P Harvey, A Valentine, S.E Davies, and J A Walker-Smith 1998 Ileal-lymphoidnodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children Lancet 35 1: 637-4 14 Wakefield, A.J., A Anthony, S.H Murch, M Thomson, , S.M Montgomer, S Davies, J J O'Leary, m Berelowitz, and J.A WalkerSmith 2000 Enterocolitis in children with developmental disorders American Journal of Gastroenterology 95:2285-2295 15 Hovarth, K., J.C Papadimitriou, A Rabsztyn, C Drachenberg, and J T Tlldon 1999 Gastrointestinal abnormalities in children with autistic disorder Journal of Pediatrics 135: 559-63 16 Harvard Autism Project 2002 Initial Autism Research Findings at Harvard Massachusetts General Hospital 17 Wakefield, A J 2002 The gut-brain axis in childhood developmental disorders In Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc., Philadelphia 18 Butterworth, R F 2000 Complications of cirrhosis 111 hepatic Encephalopathy Journal of Hepatology 32: 171- 180 19 Bolte, E R 1998 Autism and Clostridium tetani Medical Hypothesis 55:133-44 20 Jyonouchi, H, S Sun, and N Itokazu 2002 Innate immunity associated with inflammatory responses and cytokine production against common dietary proteins in patients with autism spectrum disorder Neuropsychobiology 46:76-84 21 Ulevitch, R.J and P.S Tobias 1999 Recognition of gram-negative bacteria and endotoxin by the innate immune system Current Opinions Immunology 11:19-22 Until about 10 years ago the exact mechanisms controlling cellular responses to the endotoxin - or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) - of Gram-negative bacteria were unknown Now a considerable body of evidence supports a model where LPS or LPS-containing particles (including intact bacteria) form complexes with a serum protein known as LPS-binding protein; the LPS in the complex is subsequently transferred to another protein which binds LPS, CD14 The latter is found on the plasma membrane of most cell types of the myeloid lineage as well as in the serum in its soluble form LPS binding of these two forms of CD 14 results in the activation of cell types of myeloid and nonmyeloid lineages respectively 202 References 22 Medzhitov, R and C Janeway 2000 Innate immunity The New England Journal of Medicine 343:338-344 Chapter 9: Introducing the Diet Haas, S.V andM.P Haas 1951 ManagementcfCeliacDiseme J.13 Lippincott Co., Philadelphia Kraybill, H.F 1977 Nonoccupational environmental cancer In Advances in Modem Toxicology.Vol John Wiley & Sons, New York Delmont, J 1983 Milk consumption and rejection throughout the world In Milk Intolerance and Rgection Ed J Delmont Karger, Basel Van Soest, P.J 1981 Some factors influencing the ecology of gut fermentation in man In Banbuiy Report - Gastrointestinal Cancer: Endogenous Factors Eds W.R Bruce, P Correa, M Lipkin, S.R.Tannenbaum, and T.D Wilkins Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Connon, J.J and K.N Jeejeebhoy 1985 General approach to acute and chronic diarrhea In Gastrointeshnal Diseases Ed K.N Jeejeebhoy Medical Examination Publishing Co., Inc., New Hyde Park, New York Gourmet Section Fisher, S E., G Leone, R H Kelly 1981 Chronic protracted diarrhea: Intolerance to dietary glucose polymers Pediatrics 67:271-273 INDEX Not all food items have been listed in the index For a complete listing of permitted foods, see Chapter 10, The Specific Carbohydrate Diet References with Roman numerals, i-iv, are found in the Foreword A overgrowth 10, 13,33, 41, 52,54, Absorption 6, 9, 13, 19,20,21, 22, 26, 33, 35,39, 45, 55, 66, 174 incomplete absorption 39 (see malabsorption) Acid acetic 18, 177 amino 37,38, 172 D-lactic 48, 55 lactic 18, 177 Aggressiveness 48 Aging process 13 Allergies ii, 47 allergic reaction 47, 54, 69 allergy-testing ii Amaranth 67, 74 Amylopectin 28, 29, 30 Amylose 28, 29, 30 Animal products 64 Antacids 13 Antibiotics i, 15, 48, 55, 56 Antibodies 39, 58 Attention deficit disorder (ADD) 52 Autism (see Chapter 8) Autism spectrum disorder 51, 52, 58, 172 Autointoxication 14, 15 (see Toxicity, microbial, intestinal) 14 B Bacteria9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 19, 24, 29, 33, 46, 48, 55, 57, 58, 67, 76, 80,157, 158, 177 (see Toxins, bacterial) clostridium tetani 57 E.coli 19, 46, 55 fermentative 14, 18 gram-negative 57 55,57 (see Dysbiosis) 47 putrefactive 14 ~ a n a n 5, a 35, 36, 60, 62, 69, 75, 84, 85, 123, 124, 125, 129, 136, 143, 167 Barley 40, 74 Baruk, Dr H 46 Beans fava 74 garbanzo 74 mung 74 Soy 8, 182 sprouts 27, 74 Bee pollen 64 Behavior 2, 18,54,55, 56,57, 58 abusive 48 Biopsy 25, 40, 41 Blood brain barrier Blood loss Bolte, E.R 57 Bowel obstruction 53 Bowel-brain connection 47, 49 Brain allergy 47 Brain function (see Chapter 7) 45 abnormal 18 spaciness iii Bran 30,67 Bread 7,39, 67, 74, 121 Buckwheat 67, 74 Bulgur 74 Buscaino, Dr G.A.46 C Cabbage 69, 74,81 Calcium 66, 161 Caloric energy Cancer chemotherapy Candidiasis (yeast infection) 47 Index Carbohydrate@) addiction 53 complex ii intolerance ii undigested 55 Carob 78 carrot 63, 69, 74, 81 Carrots Casein 57, 162, 172 Celiac diet 35, 53 Celiac Disease 1, 2, 5, 8, 14, 24, 25, 31, 45,53, 70 (see Chapter 6) Cells "gatekeeper" 22 goblet 26 intestinal absorptive 8, 22, 26, 37, 42,56, 177, 179 white blood 38 Cereals 7, 28, 47, 49, 67, 74, 181 Cheese 27, 28, 62, 63, 64, 69, 73, 79, 80.81 Chocolate 78 Cholera 24 Colon6, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 24, 33, 47,54, 55, 70 Constipation iii, 2, 5, 52, 162, 172 Contraceptive pill 65 Corn ii, 6, 27, 28,32,38, 67, 74, 77 corn syrup 28, 75, 76, 78, 161, 184 cornstarch 78, 179 starch 29 syrup 27 Cortisone (steriods) 1, 16 Cottonseed 67, 74 Couscous 74 Cramps, abdominal 5, 25, 68, 69 Crohn, Dr B.B 14 Crohn's disease ii, iii, 1, 2, 6, 7, 9, 14, 25, 41, 46, 49, 56, 70, 169 Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas 1, 2, Cytokines 58 D Dairy products 7, 52,59, 62, 73 Dates 74 Delirium 46, 48 Detoxification 59 Diarrhea (see Chapter 6) 1,2,5,6,8, 15,21,24,25,31,45, 46, 49.52, 53, 61, 62, 63, 65, 68, 69, 74, 75, 172 Digestion 6, 8, 9, 13, 19, 20, 32, 33, 34,35, 39, 42, 45, 54, 55, 56, 57, 158, 159,177,178, 193 (see Chapter 5) Disaccharidases 24, 25, 177 Disaccharides 3, 8, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28, 42, 56, 57, 177 Diverticulitis 1, 70 D-lactic acid (see Acids) Dohan, F.C 2, 47 Donaldson, Dr R.M., Jr 15 Dr Gunja-Smith 29 Dysbiosis 47 E Eggs 69, 73, 80 Elemental Diet 2, 3, 7, 8, 20 Endotoxin 57, 58 Enterometabolic disorder 47, 54 Enzyme (intestinal digestive) 8, 19, 37,38, 39, 56, 159, 174, 178, 179 Esophagitis 56 F I Fatigue iii, 33 Fats ii, 5, 21, 22, 33, 34, 35, 36, 41, 63, 174 Fermentation 17, 18, 19, 26,32,33, 39, 47, 48, 54,55, 62, 63, 158, 159, 177 Fiber i, ii, 30, 67, 78, 177, 179 Flour 32, 35, 37,38, 39, 67, 74, 75, 79 low gluten wheat 39 Fruits 3, 8, 27, 28,30, 36, 60, 61, 62, Galactose 27 blood galactose 63 Gas, intestinal 5, 17, 18, 19, 39, 68, 69, 164, 166, 172 hydrogen 18,56 Gastrectomy 24 Gee, Dr S Genetic problem lactase 25 Gliadin alpha 38 Glucose 3, 8, 27, 28, 29, 78, 79, 174 Index Gluten 26, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 52,57 diet, gluten-free i, ii, 40, 42, 43, 53, 172 extraction process 39 gluten-celiac hypothesis 39, 42 Grains 6, 24, 27, 30,37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 47, 52, 53, 74, 77, 78 grain-free diet Granules wheat flour 39 Gunja-Smith, Dr Z 29 Gut-Brain Axis 52 H Haas, Drs M.P and S.V 1.34, 35, 36, 37, 70, 173 Heaton, Dr K.W Herbs 64 herb tea 76 tea 76 Herter, Dr C.A 5, 33,34 Honey 3, 8, 26, 27, 28, 61, 62, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80 Hunter, Dr J.O ii, 47, 54 Hydrochloric acid 13 Hydrogen breath test 56 Hyperactivity Hypoactivity autistic-type Intolerance dairy products, milk ii, 8, 25, 41 gluten soy protein 25, 41 Iron 64, 66 Irritable bowel syndrome (colon) i, iii lsomaltase 25 Isomaltose 24, 27, 28, 29, 57, 161 J Jyonouchi, Dr H 57, 58 K Kwashiorkor 41 L Lactase 24, 25,56, 77 Lactic acid (see acids) Lactose 6, 8, 17, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 42, 57, 62, 63, 64, 73, 76, 77, 78, 79, 157, 180, 183, 184 Lactose-hydrolyzed milk (LHM) 27, 63 Laxative 1, 76 Legumes 27,30, 70, 73 Lentils 27, 73, 79 Lipopolysaccharide 58 Lorenz-Meyer, Dr H Lymphoid nodular hyperplasia 56, 172 1 Ileum 12, 13, 33 Immune reaction 47 Immune response 38.39 adaptive 58 innate 58 Immune system 13, 20, 21, 57 Immunological disease food allergy ii, 47 Infant formula disaccharide free 161 Infections parasitic 8, 25, 41 respiratory 70 Inflammatory bowel disease i, 14, 19, 54, 168 Intestinal flora i, iii, 11, 47 Intestinal lumen 25, 26 Intestinal mucosa (surface) injury 19, 21, 25, 26, 38 Intestine, surgical shortening 47, 48 Malabsorption 2, 19, 20, 1, 22, 33, 39, 41, 45, 48, 56, 57, 62, 64, 65, 66, 182 Malnutrition 13, 24, 25, 34 Maltase 25 Maltose 24, 27, 28, 29, 57, 161 McCarrison, Dr R Meat ii, 64, 73 processed 73 processed meats 73 Medication 64, 65 Membranes, intestinal cell 38 (see Chapter 5) Memory, poor 46 Mental disorders 46 Metchnikoff, Dr I 14, 15 Microbes, microbial, microorganisms 9, 10,25,26,30,45,47,48,51, 56, 57, 59 (see Chapter 3, 4) invasion 11, 20, 26 products (toxins, intestinal toxicity) ii, 9, 13, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 26, 33, 48, 51, 57 Microscope 40, 41 Microvilli, intestinal 22, 24, 25, 28, 29,56, 174 Milk6, 11, 17,27,32,47,62,63,66, 76, 78 acidified 15 acidophilus 76, 157 fermented 15, 76 intolerance to cow's milk protein 8, 25,41 Milk-free diet 2, Millet 67, 74 Minerals supplementation 65, 66, 172 Monosaccharides 3, 7, 27, 62, 79 Morin, Dr C.L Mucosa (see Intestinal mucosa) Mucus 5, 8, 9, 19, 20, 24, 25, 26, 33 N Nervous system 33, 45, 46, 57 Nervous tissue 45 Neurological disorders 45, 48, 52 attention deficit disorder (ADD) 52 autism (see Chapter 8) epilepsy 46, 49, 52 Neurosis 47 Night terrors (see seizures, delirium) Nuts 28.30, 61, 64, 75, 77 Nystatin 54 Oats 40, 67, 74 Organic acids 18, 19, 55 P Pancreas 22, 28, 29 (also see Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas) Paralysis 45 Parasitic infections 8, 25, 41 Parsnips 74 Peanuts 75 Peas chick 27, 74 split 27, 73 Pellagra 24 Peristalsis 13, 16 Poley, Dr J.R Polysaccharides 3, 28 Potatoes 6, 7, 24, 27, 28, 53, 63, 74 Predigested carbohydrates 8, 10 Proteins 5, 26, 28, 34.37, 40, 43, 54, 55, 57, 73 Protein-starch complex 39 Psoriasis iii Psychiatric disorders 45 Psychosis 46.47 Q Quinoa 67, 74 R Relapse 5, 34, 36, 40, 70 Rice 6, 28,32, 40, 67, 74 Rye 37,38,67, 74, 80 S Schizophrenia 2, 45, 46.47.49 Seaweed 74 Seizures 33, 46, 49 Small intestinal surface 8, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 41, 42, 43 Smoking Soft drinks 77, 78 Soy 27,38, 74, 77 products 40, 64 soy protein intolerance 25, 41 Spastic colon 70 Specific Carbohydrate Diet 10, 16, 18, 19,20,21,27,28,30,36,37,42, 43,49 (see Chapter 1, 8) Spelt 74 Sprue, tropical 24, 25, 41 Squash 63,74,81 Starch core 39 Starch(es) 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 19, 21, 22, 24,32, 37,38,39, 47, 55, 57, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 73, 75, 78, 174 (see Chapter 5) Steatorrhea Stimmy 53 Sucrase 25 Sucrose 3, 6, 7, 8, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 57, 73, 78, 79, 183 Sugars 5, 6, 7, 8, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 42,47, 55,57,62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 70, 73, 174, 182, 184 Index (see Chapter 1, 10) Sulfa drugs 1, 16 Sulfites 75 Sweat test for CF sodium in perspiration Sweeteners, artificial aspartame, (Nutri-Sweet, etc.) 77 saccharin 62, 74, 76, 77, 80 sorbit0162 xylitol 62 Synthetic diet (see Elemental diet) T Thrush, oral 26 Tofu 64 Toxicity, intestinal iii, 14, 15, 24, 33, 38, 39, 46, 47 Toxins, microbial (yeast and bacterial) (see Toxicity) Triticale 67, 74 Truss, Dr C.O 47 u Ulcerative colitis 1, 5, 6, 7, 14, 19, 25, 26, 41, 46, 48, 56, 70, 163, 165 v Vagus nerve 57 Van Eys, Dr Vegetables 3, 27, 28, 29, 30,36, 60, 61, 63, 64, 69, 73, 74, 76, 170 Vegetarian diet 64 Vitamin A 65, 161 Vitamin B12 13, 24, 64, 65 Vitamin B-Complex 65, 67, 182 Vitamin C 65 Vitamin D 65, 67 Vitamin E 161 Vitamins deficiency 24 folic acid 24, 65 supplement 64, 65, 66, 182 Von Brandes, Dr J.W W Weight gains 2, 8,50, 53, 169 Weight loss 5, 34 Wheat 37, 38,39, 67, 74, 182 Wheat germ 74 Whey 28, 64, 73, 78,80, 180, 182, 183, 184 Worms Y Yams 28.63, 74 Yeast 9, 10, 13, 24, 26, 47, 54.57, 64 Yoghurt 3, 15, 27, 61, 62, 63, 66, 69, 73, 76, 157 ORDER FORM BREAKING THE VICIOUS CYCLE TOTAL TO ENCLOSE CANADA Price per each book Add $4.50 for postage and handling for book (Add $.50 for postage and handling for each additional book.) GST 7% (Tax) USA (Continental) Price per each book Add $4.50 for postage and handling for book (Add $.50 for postage and handling for each additional book.) Complete the following: $ KIRKTON PRESS LTD 396 Grills Road R.R #2 Baltimore, Ontario CANADA KOK 1CO Tel905-349-3443 Fax 905-349-3420 $ Total price for each book plus handling, shipping, as indicated above Number of volumes ordered TOTAL ENCLOSED Name: Address: City, State or Province and Postal Code ABOUT THE AUTHOR E laine Gottschall, B.A., M.Sc received her Bachelor's degree from the Department of Biology at Montclair State College, Montclair, N.J in 1973 where she graduated Magna Cum Laude She entered the Department of Graduate Studies in Nutrition at Rutgers, the New Jersey State University in New Brunswick that same year In 1975, Mrs Gottschall moved to Canada and that year became a member of the Department of Cell Science at The University of Western Ontario's Zoology Department She spent four years there investigating the effects of various sugars on the digestive tract working mainly on the cellular level She obtained a Master of Science degree in that Department in 1979 Results of her work are published in the journal, Acta Anatornica 123:178 (1985) For the year following, Mrs Gottschall worked in the Department of Anatomy of The University of Western Ontario investigating the changes that occur in the bowel wall in inflammatory bowel disease Her main interests have been the effect of food on the functioning of the digestive tract, as well as on behavior ... 203 For Those on the Internet Index FOREWORD Upon discovering Food and the Gut Reaction, the first edition of Breaking the Vicious Cycle: Intestinal Health Through Diet, I realized that... Gottschall, Elaine Gloria, 192 1Breaking the vicious cycle: intestinal health through diet Rev ed of: Food and the gut reaction: intestinal health through diet Includes bibliographical references... species live together in the human colon.52 The stomach and most of the small intestine not normally f intestinalflora - the vanous bacterial and other rnicroscopic~ormsqf I'e in the intestinal contents