Tính chất lý hóa của các nguyên tố hóa học(106 nguyên tố) .................................................................................................................. .jdjeejjshswhwuuwhwbsvehehehevehiejebeheiejeejbebeheheieieieuegeveieieisjsnnssbsisushsvsvsvsgsusisushbsjsisosjsbsbsisishsvsishsusisjshshshshhsshjsisosisjshshsbshshsh
\_ -� - R A LUHN, V A MOLOSCO, L L ANDR�EVA TINH CHAT LY HOA/HOC cAc CHAT'vd,"co ( ( ' Ngtroi djch: Le Kim Long va Hpang Nhm'.m Nguoi hiÂudinh: _Ijoang Nham ã Cim nang tra cuu cho h9c sinh, sinh vien, ky str, gi&o vien PTIH - lii! ir;;iZi,;t-;:,,1'::;(:5.:,kã,Đ" *- _ _ :�AGH Dli.-Ati·•)-: GiA • •"' ',,: ' ' ' • fa NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC Vkff i'H'fi':\W HANQI • I�• t: • �= LiH - LITHI HIDRUA Tring, nh� n6ng chay khong phan huy, phan huy dun n6ng m::mh hem Chill: khir m�nh: phan ung v6i nuoc, axit, phi_ kim, oxit phi kim Di�u che, xem 85 ,20 M = ,95; J = o,82; 1" = 680°c _ ° (850°C hay c.Rhong 450 C) ! 2LiH = 2Li + H2 t LiH + H2O = LiOH+ H2 t LiH + HCI (loa.) = LiCl+ H2t 2LiH + 02 = 2LiOH LiH+ Cl2 = LiCl + HCI 2LiH + 2S = Li 2S + H2St 3LiH + N2 = Li3N + NH3 2LiH + 4C (t.chl) = Li2C2 + CiH22LiH +·2sO2 = Li2SO4 + H2S LiH +CO2= Li(HCOO) 4LiH + 3SiO2 = 2Li 2SiO3 + Si+ 2H2 t LiH + NH3 = LiNH2 + H2 LiH + NH3 (1) = LiNH2 -l.- +H2 t l0 11 12 13 (t thuang) ° (tren 500 C) (400-450°C) (300-350°C) ° (500-600 C) (400°C) (200°C) (den 250°C, p) (500°C) (350°Cl(-40°C) (trg ete) 14 4LiH + Al Ch= LifAIH.J + 3LiC!-l.- di�n phan 15 2LiH(I) 2Li (cat6t) + H2t (an6t) 10 Li2 - LITID OXIT Triing, hut iim, kh6 n6ng chay, khong phan huy dun n6ng Toil hi�r tinh chat cua oxit bazo: phan ung manh li�t v6i nuoc (t�o nen dung dich kiGm), axit, kirri loai, oxit axit, hapth\l CO2 kh6ng Dii!u che xem s7,12 ,13 '3,14 M = 29,88; cl= 2,013; 1" = J453 °C; 1, = 2600°c l .- Li2O + H2O = 2LiOH Li2O + 2HC1 (loa.) = 2LiC1 + H2O, 1.6 r (900-1000°C) · (1000°C) (tren 800°C) (tren 1000°C) (500°600°C) (1000°C) ° ( 1200-l 300 C) Li2O +H 2S = Li2S + H 2O 2Li2O + Si = 4Li + SiO2 Li2O +Mg = 2Li + MgO, 3Li 20 + 2AI = 6Li + Ai2O3 Li2O + CO2 = Li2CO3 2Li2O + SiO2 = Li4SiO4 Li2O +·SiO2 = Li2SiO3 11 Li202 - LITHlPEOXIT Triing, dun n6ng phan huy khong n6ng chay Bi phan huy hoan toan, phan ung voi axit Hap th\l m,:mh CO2 khong Dii!u che, xem 1i M = 45,88; d = 2,363 2Li2O2 = 2Li2O + 02 t (200-400°C) Li2O2.H2O = Li2O2 + H2O(tren 0°C), Li2O2 + 2H2b (ng\l.) = 2LiOH + H20i4 2Li2O2 + 2H2O (ng') = 4LiOH + 0i t: Li2 O2 + 2HCI (Joa., ng\l.) = 2LiCI + H2 O2 2Li2O2 + 2H2SO4 (loa., ng') =2Li2S04 + 2H2O +02 t (tren 200°C) 2Li2 O2 + 2CO2 = 2Li2CO + 02 (40-70°C) Li2O2 +CO= Li2CO 12 LiOH - LITID HIDROXIT Triing, n6ng chay khong phan huy, phful huy dun n6ng m,:mh hem & quyfo H2 Tan nhii!u nuoc Toe hi�n tinh cha'.t cua hidroxit baza (cha'.t kiGm): phan ung voi axit, oxit axit, ha'.p th\l CO2 , � xem ,92,4 , 01,139, l66, lgll trorrg khong kh1., D1eu che, M = 23,95; cl= 1,46; t" = 471 °C; 1'i = 12,8(20l, 15,3 " > 2LiOH = Li2 O + H2 O(800-1000°C, trg khfquyen H2), r�r,(1°r kh' en H ) LiOH.H2O = LiOH+ H2O 2· t,_ =,,,=-:-�JJ;�.;r�, i ii- · ,� t, ·:- : ;i:itl c::4 � _ -�-4j:li'li :. -~-·¼ ii :;Jir¼ ,f):·.;_11- p�, t;Licrn�W':!H �_-�}¥4 iig � tn - _ 'i;-;i.- ·s';,/i l! "'" � - ';,'.;,; :,.":".;.;;:.e:' :-'.: "',";-"'�-: .,.,.,,,'i:i #' *� 17 '·