3 bài đọc hiểu giúp rèn luyện kĩ năng đọc hiểu A Brave Rat A rat named Magawa has been given a (1) __________ award for bravery for his sniffing out dozens of landmines in Cambodia. This special medal was given to him by the Peoples Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA)–a charity based in the United Kingdom. Magawa is an African Giant Pouched Rat used in a mineclearing programme and served for a periodof 7 years, during (2) ___________ he helped to detect an impressive total of 39 landmines and 28 unexploded devices, which makes him more successful than (3) ___________ other rat on the battlefield. And (4) __________, 141,000 square meters of land were cleared. Speaking about Magawa’s achievement, the chairman of PDSA said: This is the very first time in our 77year history of honouring animals that we have presented a medal to a rat. Reporters tried to interview Magawa but he was (5) ____________ for comment. (Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com) 1: A. celebrated B. discernible C. distinguished D. noteworthy 2: A. where B. whom C. which D. when 3: A. few B. any C. some D. lots 4: A. even so B. for example C. nonetheless D. as a result 5: A. irresponsive B. unavailable C. inaccessible D. unapproachable CHILDHOOD AMNESIA Take some time to relax and think back about your early years as a child. What comes to mind? If youre like most children, you probably have only a few special memories that stick in your mind from between the ages of three and seven. This phenomenon is called childhood amnesia, and experts have studied and develop theories about it from as early as the late 18th century. Early researchers believed that childhood amnesia occurs because young children did not have fullydeveloped structures in their brains to allow them to retain the information they receive. Over time, however, it became clear that children could indeed clearly remember many things from a young age, such as who their parents are, where they live, etc. Remembering basic facts like this is known as semantic memory. With more careful research, experts now believe childhood amnesia is caused by the lack of episodic memory, which is memory of the details of a specific event, in young children. And the most widely accepted explanation for this is that the hippocampus, the part of the brain that combines pieces of information contained in many different brain regions to create episodic memories, does not begin to develop and to fully function until sometime between the ages of two and four. Without it, children can only rely on only semantic memory until they are old enough. Although it would be great to have memories from our earliest days, researchers say childhood amnesia is not a bad thing at all. They believe that having a lot of episodic memories could distract or overload the brain at an early age, when what we need to do is to store the most basic information about the world and people around us. (Adapted from wonderopolis.org) Question 6: What is the passage mainly about? A. How our brain creates new memories B. What makes us forgetful when we are kids C. Why we don’t remember our childhood well D. The reason why children cannot remember things Question 7: The word “retain” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to __________. A. restrict B. grasp C. acquire D. store Question 8: In paragraph 3, what do we learn about episodic memory? A. It is considered by experts as the cause of childhood amnesia. B. It is still not fully developed when we are at a young age. C. It is a combination of information stored in the hippocampus. D. It is created by many different regions in the human brain. Question 9: The word “it” in paragraph 3 refers to ___________. A. explanation B. hippocampus C. brain D. information Question 10: Which of the following is NOT mentioned the passage? A. Childhood amnesia has been researched from the late 1700s. B. Young children can still remember basic information well. C. The hippocampus develops once we reach the age of two. D. Childhood amnesia is actually helpful to young children. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Most of us hate having tough conversations, especially those who are scared of disagreements. However, avoiding or delaying difficult talks with others can hurt relationships and create negative outcomes in the long run. It may not feel natural at first, but you can still learn to dive into tough talks by adjusting your thoughts. First, begin from curiosity and respect, and stop worrying about being liked. While it’s natural to want to be liked, it is more important to enter the conversation with an open attitude and a true desire to learn. Even when a conversation is difficult, it can still remain mutually supportive – treat the other person’s point of view with genuine respect and interest, and they will likely do the same, and this will form the foundation for effective communication. People who are afraid of conflict often spend a huge amount of time mentally rewording their thoughts. However, thinking too much about what to say can create unnecessary pressure. Instead, focus on listening. For example, if a team member is not performing well, approach them with questions like “Can you tell me about the challenges you’re facing?” Then, listen and gather as much detail as possible. Your genuine attention will encourage them to elaborate on their thoughts. In addition, you can repeat what they said to confirm that you understand them correctly and ask followup questions, but only if appropriate, to learn more about their perspective. Another important thing: Never delay. Instead of putting off a conversation for the near future, tackle it as soon as you can. Of course, it is helpful to plan the general outline of what you want to convey and the outcome you desire from the conversation in advance, but remember: the essential step that truly leads to change is having it and figure out how to move on from there. After endlessly practicing conversations in your head, actually engaging in a twoway conversation instead of waiting can be very refreshing and productive. Finally, always expect a positive outcome. You’ll always have a hard time if you keep going into a conflict telling yourself, “This is going to be an absolute debacle in the end”. Instead, focus on the longterm gains that the conversation will create for the relationship. When your attention is focused on positive results and benefits, it will make your thinking process and inner dialogue more constructive. As a result, you will grow more comfortable while resolving any difficult situation. (Adapted from hbr.org) Question 11: Which best serves as the title for the passage? A. Mindset Changes You Can Make To Ease Difficult Talks B. Avoid These Mistakes If You Want To Resolve Conflicts C. What Are The Characteristics Of A Successful Discussion? D. Tough Talks Made Easy: The Great Importance of Listening Question 12: In paragraph 2, what do we learn about curiosity and respect in a difficult conversation? A. People usually regard curiosity and respect as unimportant when engaging in conversations. B. curiosity and respect help you worry less about whether you are liked while communicating. C. Both sides can express curiosity and respect towards each other, even in a tough conversation. D. Conversations will always be successful if at least one side tries to show curiosity and respect. Question 13: The word “elaborate” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________. A. enlarge B. improve C. extend D. increase Question 14: The word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to __________. A. outcome B. conversation C. step D. change Question 15: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? A. Learning to have difficult conversations is an uncomfortable but quick process. B. Many people are stressed whenever they have to plan what they say during tough talks. C. Difficult talks are mostly delayed when those involved want more time to plan. D. Your will be more constructive when expecting good results from tough conversations. Question 16: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage? A. Only those scared of conflicts worry about being liked in tough conversations. B. Asking followup questions is only considered appropriate in very few cases. C. The more you delay a tough conversation, the worse the problem becomes. D. Hoping for good results is the best way to calm yourself before hard talks. Question 17: The phrase “debacle” in paragraph 5 can be best replaced by ___________. A. downside B. accident C. failure D. confusion
A Brave Rat A rat named Magawa has been given a (1) award for bravery for his sniffing out dozens of landmines in Cambodia This special medal was given to him by the People's Dispensary for Sick Animals (PDSA)–a charity based in the United Kingdom Magawa is an African Giant Pouched Rat used in a mine-clearing programme and served for a periodof years, during (2) _ he helped to detect an impressive total of 39 landmines and 28 unexploded devices, which makes him more successful than (3) _ other rat on the battlefield And (4) , 141,000 square meters of land were cleared Speaking about Magawa’s achievement, the chairman of PDSA said: "This is the very first time in our 77-year history of honouring animals that we have presented a medal to a rat." Reporters tried to interview Magawa but he was (5) for comment (Adapted from breakingnewsenglish.com) 1: A celebrated B discernible C distinguished D noteworthy 2: A where B whom C which 3: A few B any C some 4: A even so B for example C nonetheless D as a result 5: A irresponsive B unavailable C inaccessible D unapproachable D when D lots CHILDHOOD AMNESIA Take some time to relax and think back about your early years as a child What comes to mind? If you're like most children, you probably have only a few special memories that stick in your mind from between the ages of three and seven This phenomenon is called 'childhood amnesia', and experts have studied and develop theories about it from as early as the late 18th century Early researchers believed that childhood amnesia occurs because young children did not have fully-developed structures in their brains to allow them to retain the information they receive Over time, however, it became clear that children could indeed clearly remember many things from a young age, such as who their parents are, where they live, etc Remembering basic facts like this is known as semantic memory With more careful research, experts now believe childhood amnesia is caused by the lack of episodic memory, which is memory of the details of a specific event, in young children And the most widely accepted explanation for this is that the hippocampus, the part of the brain that combines pieces of information contained in many different brain regions to create episodic memories, does not begin to develop and to fully function until sometime between the ages of two and four Without it, children can only rely on only semantic memory until they are old enough Although it would be great to have memories from our earliest days, researchers say childhood amnesia is not a bad thing at all They believe that having a lot of episodic memories could distract or overload the brain at an early age, when what we need to is to store the most basic information about the world and people around us (Adapted from wonderopolis.org) Question 6: What is the passage mainly about? A How our brain creates new memories B What makes us forgetful when we are kids C Why we don’t remember our childhood well D The reason why children cannot remember things Question 7: The word “retain” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A restrict B grasp C acquire D store Question 8: In paragraph 3, what we learn about episodic memory? A It is considered by experts as the cause of childhood amnesia B It is still not fully developed when we are at a young age C It is a combination of information stored in the hippocampus D It is created by many different regions in the human brain Question 9: The word “it” in paragraph refers to _ A explanation B hippocampus C brain Question 10: Which of the following is NOT mentioned the passage? A Childhood amnesia has been researched from the late 1700s B Young children can still remember basic information well C The hippocampus develops once we reach the age of two D Childhood amnesia is actually helpful to young children D information Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions Most of us hate having tough conversations, especially those who are scared of disagreements However, avoiding or delaying difficult talks with others can hurt relationships and create negative outcomes in the long run It may not feel natural at first, but you can still learn to dive into tough talks by adjusting your thoughts First, begin from curiosity and respect, and stop worrying about being liked While it’s natural to want to be liked, it is more important to enter the conversation with an open attitude and a true desire to learn Even when a conversation is difficult, it can still remain mutually supportive – treat the other person’s point of view with genuine respect and interest, and they will likely the same, and this will form the foundation for effective communication People who are afraid of conflict often spend a huge amount of time mentally rewording their thoughts However, thinking too much about what to say can create unnecessary pressure Instead, focus on listening For example, if a team member is not performing well, approach them with questions like “Can you tell me about the challenges you’re facing?” Then, listen and gather as much detail as possible Your genuine attention will encourage them to elaborate on their thoughts In addition, you can repeat what they said to confirm that you understand them correctly and ask follow-up questions, but only if appropriate, to learn more about their perspective Another important thing: Never delay Instead of putting off a conversation for "the near future", tackle it as soon as you can Of course, it is helpful to plan the general outline of what you want to convey and the outcome you desire from the conversation in advance, but remember: the essential step that truly leads to change is having it and figure out how to move on from there After endlessly practicing conversations in your head, actually engaging in a two-way conversation instead of waiting can be very refreshing and productive Finally, always expect a positive outcome You’ll always have a hard time if you keep going into a conflict telling yourself, “This is going to be an absolute debacle in the end” Instead, focus on the long-term gains that the conversation will create for the relationship When your attention is focused on positive results and benefits, it will make your thinking process and inner dialogue more constructive As a result, you will grow more comfortable while resolving any difficult situation (Adapted from hbr.org) Question 11: Which best serves as the title for the passage? A Mindset Changes You Can Make To Ease Difficult Talks B Avoid These Mistakes If You Want To Resolve Conflicts C What Are The Characteristics Of A Successful Discussion? D Tough Talks Made Easy: The Great Importance of Listening Question 12: In paragraph 2, what we learn about curiosity and respect in a difficult conversation? A People usually regard curiosity and respect as unimportant when engaging in conversations B curiosity and respect help you worry less about whether you are liked while communicating C Both sides can express curiosity and respect towards each other, even in a tough conversation D Conversations will always be successful if at least one side tries to show curiosity and respect Question 13: The word “elaborate” in paragraph is closest in meaning to _ A enlarge B improve C extend D increase Question 14: The word “it” in paragraph refers to A outcome B conversation C step D change Question 15: Which of the following is TRUE, according to the passage? A Learning to have difficult conversations is an uncomfortable but quick process B Many people are stressed whenever they have to plan what they say during tough talks C Difficult talks are mostly delayed when those involved want more time to plan D Your will be more constructive when expecting good results from tough conversations Question 16: Which of the following can most likely be inferred from the passage? A Only those scared of conflicts worry about being liked in tough conversations B Asking follow-up questions is only considered appropriate in very few cases C The more you delay a tough conversation, the worse the problem becomes D Hoping for good results is the best way to calm yourself before hard talks Question 17: The phrase “debacle” in paragraph can be best replaced by _ A downside B accident C failure D confusion ... the same, and this will form the foundation for effective communication People who are afraid of conflict often spend a huge amount of time mentally rewording their thoughts However, thinking too... we are kids C Why we don’t remember our childhood well D The reason why children cannot remember things Question 7: The word “retain” in paragraph is closest in meaning to A restrict B grasp... be great to have memories from our earliest days, researchers say childhood amnesia is not a bad thing at all They believe that having a lot of episodic memories could distract or overload the