ORAL HEALTH CARE – PROSTHODONTICS, PERIODONTOLOGY, BIOLOGY, RESEARCH AND SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS Edited by Mandeep Singh Virdi Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions Edited by Mandeep Singh Virdi Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2012 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. As for readers, this license allows users to download, copy and build upon published chapters even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Irena Voric Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic Cover Designer InTech Design Team First published February, 2012 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions, Edited by Mandeep Singh Virdi p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0040-9 Contents Preface IX Part 1 Geriatric Dentistry and Prosthodontics 1 Chapter 1 Relationship Between Chewing and Swallowing Functions and Health-Related Quality of Life 3 Hiroko Miura, Shuichi Hara, Kiyoko Yamasaki and Yoshie Usui Chapter 2 Residual Ridge Resorption – Revisited 15 Derek D’Souza Chapter 3 Improvement of Patient’s Satisfaction and Oral Health-Related Quality of Life by the Implant and Prosthodontic Treatment 25 Nikola Petricevic, Asja Celebic and Ksenija Rener-Sitar Chapter 4 Association Between Tooth Loss and Cancer Mortality in Elderly Individuals 53 Toshihiro Ansai and Yutaka Takata Chapter 5 Geriatric Oral Health – Appreciating and Addressing It with a Team Approach 67 Mun Loke Wong and Hilary P. Thean Chapter 6 Research and Clinical Applications of Facial Analysis in Dentistry 77 Barbara de Lima Lucas, Roberto Bernardino Júnior, Luiz Carlos Gonçalves, Maria Beatriz Duarte Gavião and Vanderlei Luiz Gomes Part 2 Periodontology and Oral Biology 95 Chapter 7 Clinical and Histological Evaluation of Barberry Gel on Periodontal Inflammation 97 Abbas Makarem, Amir Moeintaghavi, Hossein Orafaei, Mahboube Shabzendedar and Iman Parissay VI Contents Chapter 8 Periodontal Disease and Carotid Atherosclerosis: Mechanisms of the Association 109 Maria Serena De Franceschi, Leonzio Fortunato, Claudio Carallo, Cesare Tripolino, Concetta Irace, Michele Figliuzzi, Antonio Crispino and Agostino Gnasso Chapter 9 Relationship Between Oral Malodor and Oral Microbiota 121 Nao Suzuki, Masahiro Yoneda and Takao Hirofuji Chapter 10 Oral Health and Nutrition 131 Sudeshni Naidoo Chapter 11 Use of Polyols in Oral Biology Research 143 Kauko K. Mäkinen Chapter 12 Virulence Mechanisms of Leukotoxin from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans 165 Anders Johansson and Sotos Kalfas Chapter 13 Transformation of Nitrite and Nitric Oxide Produced by Oral Bacteria to Reactive Nitrogen Oxide Species in the Oral Cavity 193 Umeo Takahama and Sachiko Hirota Part 3 Research in Oral Health and Systemic Conditions 205 Chapter 14 Dentists and Preventive Oral Health Care 207 Hadi Ghasemi Chapter 15 Inequality of Oral Health in a Life-Course Perspective 233 Dorthe Holst and Annemarie A. Schuller Chapter 16 The Role of the Oral Health Therapist in the Provision of Oral Health Care to Patients Across All Ages 249 Hanny Calache and Matthew Hopcraft Chapter 17 Oral Health & HIV 271 Sudeshni Naidoo Chapter 18 Oral Health of People with Psychiatric Disorders 287 Lin-Yang Chi and Kuan-Yu Chu Chapter 19 Structural Changes on Human Dental Enamel Treated with Er:YAG, CO 2 Lasers and Remineralizing Solution: EDS Analysis 299 Rosalía Contreras-Bulnes, Oscar Fernando Olea-Mejía, Laura Emma Rodríguez-Vilchis, Rogelio José Scougall-Vilchis and Claudia Centeno-Pedraza Contents VII Chapter 20 Indigenous Australians and Oral Health 319 Madeline Shearer and Lisa Jamieson Chapter 21 Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents/Caregivers 341 Suttatip Kamolmatyakul Chapter 22 Systemic Methods of Fluoride and the Risk for Dental Fluorosis 357 Consuelo Fernanda Macedo de Souza, José Ferreira Lima Júnior, Maria Soraya P. Franco Adriano and Fabio Correia Sampaio Preface Oral Health Care, commonly referred to as Dentistry, is the branch of medicine that is involved in the study, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases, disorders, and conditions of the oral cavity, maxillofacial area, and the adjacent and associated structures, and their impact on the human body. Oral Health Care is considered necessary for overall health. The present work is a companion book of Oral Health Care - Pediatric, Research, Epidemiology and Clinical Practices and is aimed at completing the whole range of Oral Health Care. These books are using the internet, information technology’s most potent tool, for its storage, retrieval, and dissemination amongst its target audience of general practitioners, academicians, and research scholars of Oral Health Care Sciences and Practices. InTech-Open Access Publisher took the initiative in organizing the publication of this book and its companion book, and to make it available on the internet with free access to all those who may be interested in the subject. The book has contributions from specialists in various subjects of Oral Health Sciences, and is divided into four chapters, namely geriatric dentistry and prosthodontics, periodontology and oral biology, research in oral health, and systemic conditions. We expect the present work to be accepted as a reference material and initiator of research in the areas covered, as it traces developments on the specific issues and reflects the trend of current research. The editor wishes to thank all specialist contributors and Publishing Process Manager Ms Irena Voric of InTech for their contributions without which this book would not have been possible. It will not be out of place to acknowledge with gratitude the contribution of my family, who were kind enough to bear with me during the process of developing this book. Mandeep Singh Virdi Department of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, PDM Dental College and Research Institute, Bahadurgarh, HR India [...]... 0966-0461 14 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions Moriya, S., Tei, K., Yamazaki, Y., Hata, H., Shinkai, S., & Miura H (2011) Relationship between perceived chewing ability and muscle strength of the body among the elderly J Oral Rehabil, Vol 38, No 9, pp 674-679, ISSN 0305-182X Naito, M (2010) Oral health, general health, and health- related... 3 Results 3.1 Univariate analysis Table 3 shows the characteristics of the elderly subjects, DRACE scores, and SF-8 mean value and standard deviation Each of the SF-8 sub-scores was similar to the standardized 8 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions value of Japanese elderly population The distribution of DRACE scores among the respondents is shown... countries, including Japan 4 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions 1.1 QOL improvement and successful aging Psychosocial approaches to successful aging focus on high social functioning and life satisfaction (Britton et al., 2008; Peel et al., 2005) In particular, sustaining good health is essential for maintaining QOL Health- related QOL (HRQOL) refers... popular oral health initiative (Shinsho 2001) 1.4 Oral health and overall health The oral cavity is important for its eating and speaking functions; eating is necessary for survival, and speaking is essential for satisfactory verbal communication Many epidemiological studies have shown that good oral health contributes to greatly improving Relationship Between Chewing and Swallowing Functions and Health- Related... the first step in the eventual closure of the extraction wound The clot then undergoes organisation and is gradually replaced by granulation tissue towards the periphery and base of the alveolar socket After a span of 16 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions seven to ten days, new bone formation is evident, with osteoid matrix present as noncalcified... in the edentulous mandible as determined on oblique cephalometric radiographs J Dent Res, Vol 53, pp 1455 - 1464 24 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions Woelfel, J.B Winter, C.M & Igarashi, T (1976) Five-year cephalometric study of mandibular ridge resorption with different posterior occlusal forms Part I Denture construction and initial comparison... chewing and swallowing functions are very important for the maintenance of a healthy aging society 5 Conclusion Mastication and swallowing are essential functions for the maintenance of a healthy dietary life A decline in these functions could induce not only the deterioration of physical health, but also mental health To avoid the negative spiral caused by poor chewing and 12 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics,. .. prostaglandin-mediated bone resorption, resulting in severe form of RRR, and the stress related resorption of the residual ridge 18 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions has not been successfully demonstrated (Devlin & Ferguson, 1991) The synthesis of certain biologically active substances by the edentulous mucosa may play a role in enhancing osteoclastic... on the theory of bone distraction along a vector that is transverse to the long axis of the bone, which results in 20 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions bone formation (Ilizarov, 1989) It was later applied to the human mandible, and more recent clinical reports have shown that alveolar distraction osteogenesis is effective for treating severe... type and extent of treatment that is ideal for them, the prognosis of the treatment outcomes with various types of removable or fixed prostheses and the alternatives that are available The end result will be the successful rehabilitation of an increased number of edentulous individuals and many more satisfied clinicians 22 Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic . Oral Health Care – Prosthodontics, Periodontology, Biology, Research and Systemic Conditions Edited by Mandeep Singh Virdi Published by InTech. ORAL HEALTH CARE – PROSTHODONTICS, PERIODONTOLOGY, BIOLOGY, RESEARCH AND SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS Edited by Mandeep Singh Virdi