Đáp án môn Đọc 3 EN28 Ehou

Đáp án đầu đủ môn đọc 3 EN 28 Ehou PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITYA Hadley Park This park is in the peaceful village of Cranford, 20 km outside the city The park has large green spaces for football and there is also an area of woodland, a.

PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITYA Hadley Park This park is in the peaceful village of Cranford, 20 km outside the city The park has large green spaces for football and there is also an area of woodland, a boating lake, fish ponds and a variety of local wildlife The public car park is free B Highdown Park The largest and most popular open space in the city, Highdown has many paths for keen walkers, as well as horseriding and golf The much-visited 19thcentury glasshouses contain an interesting exhibition about birds from around the world C Brock ParkA beautiful park on the edge of the city, Brock Park attracts huge crowds The open-air theatre has a programme of plays suitable for school groups There is a well-used basketball court and baseball field, a children's playground and a cafe Climb Harry's Hill to admire the beautiful fields and forests beyond the city D Lilac Park and House This busy city-centre park has a long history dating back to the 1700s, when it belonged to the writer Thomas Crane The house is open to the public and a guided visit can also include a walk around the famous rose gardens, finishing at the popular Butterfly Cafe Melanie and Stefan are students who need to visit a busy park for a college project They want to draw people taking part in team sports and watching entertainment Which park would be the most suitable for Melanie and Stefan? Brock Park Which park has an interesting exhibition about birds from around the world? Highdown Park Which park has free public car park? Hadley Park Which park is in the city-centre? Lilac Park and House Which park is the largest and most popular open space in the city? Highdown Park Which park suitable for school groups? Brock Park Which park would be suitable for walking-lovers? Hadley Park Highdown Park Brock Park Lilac Park and House PARKS IN AND AROUND THE CITYE Boscawen Park This small and peaceful park offers guided tours, given by the knowledgeable Environment Officers, and evening visitors to the park may be lucky enough to see rare frogs and bats It is situated on the River Elton and can be reached in about 30 minutes from the city centre by river taxi There is a snack bar and gift shop F East Bank Park This is a tiny, little-known park in the heart of the city, with gardens filled with sculptures, trees and flowers It makes a perfect resting place, popular with local artists, and is within minutes of the theatre and entertainment district G Victoria Park This quiet park, on the edge of the city and easy to visit by public transport, has boats for hire on the lake, a skateboard park, basketball and tennis courts and a picnic area Often seen in postcard views of the city, Victoria Park contains one of the oldest windmills in the country - the museum should not be missed H Elmwood Park At Elmwood Park, there are walks on well-made paths and cycle rides for all abilities Elmwood is just inside the city limit and has an area of quiet woodland, which is home to deer and other animals The visitor centre, numerous display boards and a fun quiz make this a positive learning experience for all ages In which park could the visitor see rare frogs and bats? Boscawen Park Which park would the visitors easily get to by public transport? Victoria Park Mr Martin wants to take his eight-year-old pupils to a park anywhere within the city, with lots of organised activities which allow the children to read about local wildlife they may see Which park would be the most suitable for Martin? Elmwood Park Hans and Birgit Kaufmann and their family want to visit a park which is historically important Their teenage children would like to try a water sport Which park would be the most suitable for Hans and Birgit Kaufmann? Victoria Park Kumiko and Atsuko would like to visit a park which they can get to by boat They want to buy lunch there and then enjoy a short walk accompanied by an expert leader Which park would be the most suitable for Kumiko and Atsuko? Boscawen Park Isabel works in the city centre and likes painting and drawing in her free time She wants to practise her hobby in a small, quiet park near her office Which park would be the most suitable for Isabel? East Bank Park FIND THE PERFECT WAY TO KEEP FIT WITH THESE WEBSITES A www.activelife.co.uk This site is perfect for those who like to combine living a healthy lifestyle with enjoying the countryside Type in the name of the town and you get a list of locations that offer routes for cycling or exploring the area on foot There is also information on cycling competitions in Britain B www.fitinfo.com This online shop offers books, magazines, DVDs and software connected to keeping fit You simply type in the aspect of keeping fit that you are interested in, such as 'keeping fit outdoors', and a super selection is displayed C www.fitnet.co.uk Steve Amos started this site for busy people wanting to keep fit Fill in a questionnaire and Steve will create a fitness programme for you Although Steve's fee is high, you can email him for advice whenever you want In addition, Steve has designed a range of fitness clothes and footwear, which anyone can order 48-hour delivery) D www.NAG.co.uk The National Athletics Group is a site for people interested in athletics It allows you to find out where your nearest athletics club is and provides information about races and other athletics events around the country There is a popular chatroom where athletes exchange suggestions and ideas FIND THE PERFECT WAY TO KEEP FIT WITH THESE WEBSITES E www.swavedon.com Swavedon is a national park with a lake, which offers many different ways of keeping fit in the great outdoors There are three cycle routes, a jogging track around the lake and several woodland walks F www.fitnessonline.co.uk This is a free government website that encourages people to keep fit It gives diet advice, and allows you to work through a fitness programme without leaving your house It also offers advice on gym equipment to buy and has a chatroom, where you can compare experiences with others www.fitnessclub.co.uk This website tells you all you need to know about this chain of gyms, including where your nearest Fitnessclub gym is, how you can become a member and how much the yearly fee is Advice is given on everything from using a running machine to buying the right equipment Each gym has a swimming pool and a shop selling gymwear H www.sportsarena.co.uk This website tells you how you can keep fit at this group of London sports centres You don't have to be a member - these centres operate a payas-you-go system They all have a pool, squash courts, gym and outdoor tennis courts The website includes details of locations, opening times and prices Klara has recently moved to London and enjoys serious running She is looking for a club where she can take part in competitions Decide which website would be the most suitable for Klara www.NAG.co.uk Kumiko is a member of a local gym where she goes at least twice a week She Kumiko is a member of a local gym where she goes at least twice a week She does not get much time to shop, so wants to buy gym clothes and shoes online Decide which website would be the most suitable for Kumiko? www.fitnet.co.uk Peter loves the outdoors and cycles to different places each weekend to keep fit He wants a website which will give him suggestions for a range of suitable destinations Decide which website would be the most suitable for Peter? www.activelife.co.uk Sami wants to find some ideas for keeping fit at home and communicate online with other people doing the same thing He doesn't want to have to pay for using the website Decide which website would be the most suitable for Sami www.fitnessonline.co.uk Stefano is a student and is looking for a gym where he can keep fit He wants to pay each time he visits the gym rather than paying a fee to become a member Decide which website would be the most suitable for Stefano? www.sportsarena.co.uk According to airline industry statistics, almost 90 percent of airline accidents are survivable or partially survivable But passengers can increase their chances of survival by learning and following certain tips Experts say that you should read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff and ask questions if you have uncertainties You should fasten your seat-belt low on your hips and as tightly as possible Of course, you should also know how the release mechanism of your belt operates During takeoffs and landings, you are advised to keep your feet flat on the floor Before takeoff you should locate the nearest exit and an alterative exit and count the rows of seats between you and the exits so that you can find them in the dark if necessary In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane comes to a complete stop If smoke is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and not take personal belongings with you Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, so with your arms and legs extended in front of you When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before takeoff ? The two closest to the passenger's seat According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor during takeoffs and landings It can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires in aircrafts if they keep their heads low Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safety instructions before takeoff What is the main topic of the passage? Guidelines for increasing aircraft passenger survival Bramley College now has full electronic information resources in the College Library to help you in your studies On CD-ROM in the library we have about fifty databases, including many statistical sources Want to know the average rainfall in Tokyo or the biggest export earner of Vanuatu? It's easy to find out Whether you are in the School of Business or the School of Art Design, it's all here for you You can conduct your own CD-ROM search for no charge, and you can print out your results on the library printers using your library photocopying card Alternatively, you can download your results to disk, again for no charge, but bring your own formatted floppy disk or CD-ROM If you are not sure how to conduct a search for yourself, library staff can it for you, but we charge $20 for this service, no matter how long or how short a time it takes All library workstations have broadband access to the Internet, so you can find the web-based information you need quickly and easily If you are unfamiliar with using the Internet, help is available in several ways You can start with the online tutorial Netstart; just click on the Netstart icon the Main Menu The tutorial will take you through the basic steps to using the Internet, any time convenient to you If you prefer, ask one of the librarians for internet advice (best at quiet times between 9.00am and 11.30 am weekdays) or attend one of the introductory group sessions that are held in the first two weeks of each term Sign your name on the list on the library Bulletin Board to guarantee a place, as they are very popular A word of Warning: demand for access to library workstations is very high, so you are strongly advised to book a workstation, and we have to limit your use to a maximum of one hour at any one time Make your booking (for which you will receive a receipt) at the Information Desk at the enquiry desks in the Media Services Area (Level 1) Also, use of the computers is limited to Bramley students only, so you may be asked to produce your Student Identification Card to make a booking, or while using the workstations If library staff search for information on CD-ROM, students pay $20 To copy search results to a floppy disk, students pay No fee Students can learn to use the Internet at all times To ensure efficient access to the library workstations, students should reserve a time to use a workstation To use the library printers, students must have a photocopying card The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s Before the World Wide Web, the 'Net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerised typewriters, but the introduction of the 'Web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video A Web site consists of a 'home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related pages' at the site and to thousands of other computers all over the world This is achieved by a process called 'hypertext' By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the 'Net' can go travelling, or 'surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required To what the following pronoun "which" in the passage refer? Internet addresses or site Which is the topic sentence of the paragraph? Sentence number one The World Wide Web is a network of computerised typewriters FALSE Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the 'Net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links It remains to be seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believe it is the educational hope of the future The World Wide Web, an enormous collection of Internet addresses or sites, all of which can be accessed for information, has been mainly responsible for the increase in interest in the Internet in the 1990s Before the World Wide Web, the 'Net' was comparable to an integrated collection of computerised typewriters, but the introduction of the 'Web' in 1990 allowed not only text links to be made but also graphs, images and even video A Web site consists of a 'home page', the first screen of a particular site on the computer to which you are connected, from where access can be had to other subject related pages' at the site and to thousands of other computers all over the world This is achieved by a process called 'hypertext' By clicking with a mouse device on various parts of the screen, a person connected to the 'Net' can go travelling, or 'surfing' through a web of pages to locate whatever information is required Anyone can set up a site; promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by anyone organisation It is, perhaps, true to say that no-one and therefore everyone owns the 'Net' Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight Almost everyone is of the Information Superhighway Aware Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines To what does pronoun "IT" in the passage refer? The Information Superhighway To what does pronoun "WHICH" in the passage refer? Internet addresses or sites What is the main point of the first paragraph? The Internet will revolutionise the way people communicate What is the meaning of the word "hazardous"? dangerous What would the next paragraph to follow the passage probably be about? The future of the Internet Which is the best title for the passage ? The Internet Revolution Which is the topic sentence of the second paragraph? Sentence number one You can a site to promote your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself Set up Almost everyone with or without a computer is aware of the latest technological revolution destined to change forever the way in which humans communicate, namely, the Information Superhighway, best exemplified by the ubiquitous Internet Already, millions of people around the world are linked by computer simply by having a modem and an address on the 'Net', in much the same way that owning a telephone links us to almost anyone who pays a phone bill In fact, since the computer connections are made via the phone line, the Internet can be envisaged as a network of visual telephone links It remains to be seen in which direction the Information Superhighway is headed, but many believe it is the educational hope of the future To what the following pronoun "it" in the passage refer? The Information Superhighway What is the main point of the paragraph? Almost everyone has heard of the Information Superhighway The Internet will revolutionise the way people communicate You need a modem and an address to use the Internet Everyone is aware of the Information Superhighway FALSE Internet computer connections are made by using telephone lines TRUE Using the Internet costs the owner of a telephone extra money NOT GIVEN Anyone can set up a site, promoting your club, your institution, your company's products or simply yourself, is what the Web and the Internet is all about And what is more, information on the Internet is not owned or controlled by anyone organisation It is, perhaps, true to say that no-one and therefore everyone owns the 'Net' Because of the relative freedom of access to information, the Internet has often been criticised by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users This perception has proved to be largely false however, and the vast majority of users both young and old get connected with the Internet for the dual purposes for which it was intended - discovery and delight According to the author, the Information Superhighway may be the future hope of education TRUE CAUSTION HEALH CENTER PATIENT INFORMATION LEAFLET A Appointments Please telephone 826969 (8.30am - 5.00pm: Mon - Fri) We suggest that you try to see the same doctor whenever possible because it is helpful for both you and your doctor to know each other well We try hard to keep our appointments running to time, and ask you to be punctual to help us achieve this, if you cannot keep an appointment, please phone in and let us know as soon as possible so that it can be used for someone else Please try to avoid evening appointments if possible Each appointment is for one person only Please ask for a longer appointment if you need more time B Weekends and Nights Please telephone 823307 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor from the Centre on duty Please remember this is in addition to our normal working day Urgent calls only please A Saturday morning emergency surgery is available between 9.30am and 10.00am Please telephone for home visits before 10.00am at weekends C Centre Nurses Liz Stuart, Martina Scott and Helen Stranger are available daily by appointment to help you with dressings, ear syringing, and children's immunisations, removal of stitches and blood tests They will also advise on foreign travel, and can administer various injections and blood pressure checks For any over 75s unable to attend the clinic, Helen Stranger will make a home visit All three Centre Nurses are available during normal working hours to carry out health checks on patients who have been on doctors' lists for years D New Patients within months of registering with the Centre, new patients on regular medication are invited to attend a health check with their doctor Other patients can arrange to be seen by one of the Centre Nurses E Services Not Covered Some services are not covered by the Centre e.g private certificates, insurance, driving and sports medicals, passport signatures, school medicals and prescriptions for foreign travel There are recommended fees for these set by the National Medical Association Please ask at reception F Receptionists Our receptionists provide your primary point of contact - they are all very experienced and have a lot of basic information at their fingertips They will be able to answer many of your initial queries and also act as a link with the rest of the team They may request brief details of your symptoms or illness - this enables the doctors to assess the degree of urgency G Change of Address Please remember to let us know if you decide to relocate It is also useful for us to have a record of your telephone number what happens when you register with the Centre Section D what to if you need to cancel a doctor's appointment Section A what to if you need help outside normal working hours Section B who to speak to first for general information Section F Helen Stranger is the Head Nurse NOT GIVEN If you want a repeat prescription you must make an appointment NOT GIVEN It is possible that receptionists will ask you to explain your problem TRUE Services of private certificates are covered by Caustion Health Centre FALSE You must always see the same doctor if you visit the Centre FALSE You should give the Health Centre your new contact details if you move house TRUE An example of a bizarre occurrence regarding a species of frog dates from the summer of 1995, when 'an explosion' of multi-coloured frogs of the species Rana klepton esculenta occurred in the Netherlands Normally these frogs are brown and greenishbrown, but some unknown contributory factor is turning these frogs yellow and/or orange Nonetheless, so far, the unusual bi- and even tri-coloured frogs are functioning similarly to their normal-skinned contemporaries It is thought that frogs with lighter coloured skins might be more likely to survive in an increasingly warm climate due to global warming What is best heading for the paragraph? Possible adaption of frogs to the environment Highly-coloured frogs are an unusual phenomenon in nature NOT GIVEN The species of Rana klepton esculenta are red and blue FALSE The species of Rana klepton esculenta only happened in Ireland FALSE Barack Obama was as surprised as most of America, and much of the world, when he was woken up and told he had won the Nobel Peace Prize after just nine months as president and while he is still deciding whether to escalate the war in Afghanistan The Nobel Committee said it chose Obama "for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples" and for creating a new international climate" How long had Barack Obama been US president when he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize? eight months Botany, the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge For many thousands of years it was the one field of awareness about which humans had anything more than the vaguest of insights It is impossible to know today just what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plant, but from what we can observe of preindustrial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient This is logical Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, medicines, shelter, and a great many other purposes Tribes living today in the jungles of the Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants and know many properties of each To them botany, as such, has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of "knowledge" at all Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants, and the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000 years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be functions of the brain What to call them? The head hunters I will return to them later The author implies that the most important medical research topic of the future will be the functions of the brain The phrase "occupy the spotlight" is closest in meaning to receive the most attention In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth Iron, coal, and oil-the basic ingredients of industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor The word "ingredients" is closest in meaning to components In the mid-nineteenth century, the United States had tremendous natural resources that could be exploited in order to develop heavy industry Most of the raw materials that are valuable in the manufacture of machinery, transportation facilities, and consumer goods lay ready to be worked into wealth Iron, coal, and oil-the basic ingredients of industrial growth - were plentiful and needed only the application of technical expertise, organizational skill, and labor One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the United States looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal Many factors influenced emerging modes of production For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe The labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from Europe Europe now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe-most of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own "money market." According to the passage, all of the following were true of railroads in the United States in the nineteenth century EXCEPT that they used relatively small quantities of natural resources What does the passage mainly discuss? Factors that affected industrialization in the United States One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal The word "themselves" refers to railroads Why does the author mention "a spider's web"? To describe the complex structure of the railway system One crucial development in this movement toward industrialization was the growth of the railroads The railway network expanded rapidly until the railroad map of the looked like a spider's web, with the steel filaments connecting all important sources of raw materials, their places of manufacture, and their centers of distribution The railroads contributed to the industrial growth not only by connecting these major centers, but also by themselves consuming enormous amounts of fuel, iron, and coal Many factors influenced emerging modes of production For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century-always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of the labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europemost of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own "money market." According to the passage, who were the biggest consumers of manufactured products? Farmers Europeans Railway workers City dwellers Many factors influenced emerging modes of production For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of The word "nourished" is closest in meaning to fed Many factors influenced emerging modes of production For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of Europe According to the passage, what was one effect of the improvement of machine tools? Lower manufacturing costs Many factors influenced emerging modes of production For example, machine tools, the tools used to make goods, were steadily improved in the latter part of the nineteenth century always with an eye to speedier production and lower unit costs The products of the factories were rapidly absorbed by the growing cities that sheltered the workers and the distributors The increased urban population was nourished by the increased farm production that, in turn, was made more productive by the use of the new farm machinery American agricultural production kept up with the urban demand and still had surpluses for sale to the industrial centers of the labor that ran the factories and built the railways was recruited in part from American farm areas where people were being displaced by farm machinery, in part from Asia, and in part from now began to send tides of immigrants from eastern and southern Europemost of whom were originally poor farmers but who settled in American industrial cities The money to finance this tremendous expansion of the American economy still came from European financiers for the most part, but the Americans were approaching the day when their expansion could be financed in their own "money market." According to the passage, what did the United States supply to European cities? Agricultural produce Which of the following is NOT true of United States farmers in the nineteenth century? They were unable to produce sufficient food for urban areas Many young people from disadvantaged social classes join gangs Gangs are groups of individuals who share a common identity Some anthropologists believe the gang structure is one of the most ancient forms of human organization Gangs are often associated with criminal activities Street gangs tend to be populated with young people from low income or impoverished homes In contrast, organized crime gangs such as the Italian-American Mafia usually occupy the middle or upper class stratum of society Gangs usually take over a territory in a city or suburb They call this territory their "turf." One common criminal activity on their turf is "providing protection." This is a common style of extortion in which a gang provides protection from its own members for money What class stratum organized crime gangs occupy? middle or upper class One of the most renowned Spanish architects of all time was Antoni Gaudi Gaudi's emergence as one of's preeminent artists at the end of the nineteenth century marked a milestone in the art world Gaudi's popularity helped to bring about the acceptance and rebirth of the Catalan language, which had been banned during the literature and art Gaudi shares his Catalonian background with two other famous Spanish artists, Pablo Picasso and Miro The diverse ethnic background of the region greatly influenced the work of Picasso and Miro, as well as Gaudi Thus, their works were a combination of an old history and an active, vivid imaginary world This has sometimes been referred to as the "Catalan Mind." Yet it was perhaps Gaudi who had the greatest talent for bringing together diverse groups, ones which others viewed as being too diametrically opposed to be capable of coming together and coexisting amicably This was apparent not only in the artists and other individuals who surrounded him, but also in the varied styles and techniques he employed in his architecture Much of his work can be seen in, where his structures are known as a fine representation of modernism He also used a great variety of color in his buildings, and this art nouveau is often associated with his own unique style of design All of these factors are what helped put him at the forefront of art movements to come: his unique ability to take on and transform traditional Spanish elements with the emerging diverse ethnic groups, merging these with his own fertile imagination, and consequently turning these forces into some of the greatest architecture the world has ever seen Antoni Gaudi’s fame is due primarily to his world famous architectural structures Gaudi's first language was Catalan Gaudi’s work is representative of art nouveau His art nouveau is often related to his own unique style of design Miro has been viewed as being a prototype of the Catalan mind The word "fertile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to Inventive Which city is primarily associated with Gaudi today? Barcelona Which of the following is NOT true about Pablo Picasso? He spoke Castilian as his first language Which of the following adjectives best describes Gaudi? broad-minded Which of the following is true about Gaudi’s architecture? He employed a wide range of colors Rock Band Two years ago, our 14-year-old son, Ben, asked us for a set of drums for his birthday At first, we were very much against the idea because of the noise 'It's better than watching television or playing computer games in my free time' Ben argued, and it'll keep me out of trouble In the end we gave in 'All right' we said, 'but you must consider the rest of the family and the neighbours when you play That was just the beginning Because drums are not the easiest instruments to transport, the other members of Ben's band started appearing at our home with their guitars and other electrical equipment And so, for several hours a week, the house shakes to the noise of their instruments and their teenage singing At least Ben's hobby has been good for our health: whenever the band start practising, my husband and I go out for a long walk And I must admit that, although their music may sound a little strange, they are a friendly and polite group of young men I cannot judge their musical skill - after all I didn't expect my parents' generation to like the same music as I did when I was a teenager - but they play regularly in local clubs for young people Our main worry is that they won't spend enough time on their school work because of their musical activities, though this hasn't happened yet I am always stressing to Ben how important his studies are But one thing is certain - Ben was right: it has kept him out of trouble and he is never bored What does the writer say about the band members? Their taste in music is different from hers hers What is the writer trying to in this text? describe her son's hobby What might the writer say to her son? Are you sure you finished your homework? It's more important than band practice Why the band always practise at Ben’s house? It is difficult for Ben to move his drums Why did the writer give Ben the present he wanted? He persuaded her it would be a good idea The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes-the blueprints for each of the enzymes and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases-diabetes, cystic fibrosis These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry In view of the inexorable progress in science, we can expect that the gene hunters will be replaced in the spotlight When and by whom? Which kind of hunter will dominate the scene in the last decade of our waning century and in the early decades of the next? I wonder whether the hunters who will occupy the spotlight will be neurobiologists who apply the techniques of the enzyme and gene hunters to the functions of the brain What to call them? The head hunters I will return to them later What is the main topic of the passage? The progress of modern medical research The microbe hunters The discovery of enzymes The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters In the 1940's and 1950's, biochemists strived to learn why each of the vitamins was essential for health They discovered that key enzymes in metabolism depend on one or another of the vitamins as coenzymes to perform the chemistry that provides cells with energy for growth and function Now, these enzyme hunters occupied center stage How vitamins influence health? They are necessary for some enzymes to function The first two decades of this century were dominated by the microbe hunters These hunters had tracked down one after another of the microbes responsible for the most dreaded scourges of many centuries: tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria But there remained some terrible diseases for which no microbe could be incriminated: scurvy, pellagra, rickets, beriberi Then it was discovered that these diseases were caused by the lack of vitamins, a trace substance in the diet The diseases could be prevented or cured by consuming foods that contained the vitamins And so in the decades of the 1920's and 1930's, nutrition became a science and the vitamin hunters replaced the microbe hunters The word "incriminated" is closest in meaning to blamed The word "which" refers to diseases Which of the following can be cured by a change in diet? Pellagra Nutrition has been considered a key factor in finding treatment to many diseases NOT GIVEN Scurvy was considered to be caused by the lack of vitamins FALSE NOT GIVEN TRUE The painter Craigie Aitchison was born in Scotland He came to London intending to study law, but went to art school instead There he found the traditional drawing classes difficult, but still kept on painting In his late twenties he was given money by the Italian government to study art, and became interested in early Italian artists, which shows in some of his work He loved the greens and browns of the Italian fields and the clear light there, and wanted to put this light into his paintings This led him to paint colours thinly one on top of another from light to dark, but he insists he's never sure what the results will be He says, 'It's a secret - because I don't know myself I don't start by painting yellow, knowing I'm going to put anything on top Like most talented people, Aitchison makes it sound easy 'Anyone can the colours - you can buy them I simply notice what you put the colours next to Unlike some artists, he never does drawings before he starts a painting, as he feels that if he did, he might get bored and not the painting afterwards Instead, Aitchison changes his paintings many times before they are finished This explains why his favourite models are people who don't ask to see their pictures while he's painting them 'If I feel they're worried and want to look at the painting, I can't it.' Since moving to London years ago, he has not felt part of the Scottish painting scene He says he is not interested in following any tradition, but just paints the way he can However, his work still influences young British painters Aitchison prefers models who don’t feel anxious to see the work as it's developing What can the reader learn about Aitchison from the text? He works in a different way from other artists What does Aitchison say about his use of colour? He likes starting with the darkest colours first What is the writer trying to in the text? introduce readers to the artist Craigie Aitchison explain how Craigie Aitchison has made money from painting describe particular works by Craigie Aitchison What might a visitor at an exhibition say about Aitchison's work? I love his recent painting of Scotland, whaich are similar to a number of other Scottish painters I wonder if his law training helps him at all, especially in selling his works You can tell he spent a lot of time drawing the picture before he started painting You can see the influence of his trip to Italy in some of these pictures Western people rely on technical and mechanical solutions in everything they Refrigerators preserve their food, washing machines clean their underwear and computers are supposed to solve all their problems When they are ill, they rely on the surgeon's knife If their hearts are running down, then they must be repaired, if they cannot be repaired, they should be replaced, just as an old car sometimes gets a new engine But up to now we have had a shortage of donors to give their hearts, to keep one person alive, another donor had to die Nowadays there is more and more talk about using monkeys Every monkey has a nearhuman heart, and humans have always been over careful in respecting the lives and well-being of other animals This includes the life and well-being of other humans Therefore, in the early years of the 22nd century - It was told the mass killings of monkeys may occur We'll need to use their hearts for human consumption Monkeys, on the whole, are happier creatures than their near relatives, Homo sapiens, or man They know fear, of course, and they face real dangers, but they are also more intelligent than us They create no unnecessary dangers for themselves, they run no businesses, chase no money, are unimpressed by gold – that utterly useless metal, and they not care at all about hell or evil spirits I have a vague feeling that it is not monkeys' hearts that we ought to implant in ourselves, but monkeys' brains According to the author, westerners believe heath problems can be solved by using technical mechanical methods Every monkey has a near-human heart TRUE In the future, hearts of almost animals will be used in transplant operations for humans NOT GIVEN Monkeys are more stupid than humans because they always create unnecessary dangers for themselves FALSE Technology and technics are the keys to solve Western people's problems TRUE The author says that monkeys Monkey hearts will be used in transplant operations The author suggests that in the future Monkey hearts will be used in transplant operations The main point the author is making is that humans make life more complicated than it needs to be The problem with heart transplants has been that… there are not usually enough donors You are aware that the enzyme hunters have been replaced by a new breed of hunters who are tracking genes-the blueprints for each of the enzymes and are discovering the defective genes that cause inherited diseases-diabetes, cystic fibrosis These gene hunters, or genetic engineers, use recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes and introduce them into bacterial cells and plants to create factories for the massive production of hormones and vaccines for medicine and for better crops for agriculture Biotechnology has become a multibillion-dollar industry In the paragraph, the author compares cells that have been genetically altered by biotechnicians to factories The word "them' refers to genes Everyone uses recombinant DNA technology to identify and clone genes FALSE Dogs are either optimists or pessimists, claim scientists Scientists have confirmed what many pet owners have long suspected some dogs have a more gloomy outlook on life than others The unusual insight into canine psychology emerged from a study by Bristol University researchers into how dogs behave when separated from their owners Dogs that were generally calm when left alone were also found to have a "dog bowl half full' attitude to life, while those that barked, relieved themselves and destroyed furniture appeared to be more pessimistic, the study concluded Michael Mendl, head of animal welfare and behaviour at the university, said the more anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more gloomy its outlook appeared to be The findings suggest that the trouble caused by some dogs when they are left alone may reflect deeper emotional problems that could be treated with behavioural therapy."Owners vary in how they perceive this kind of anxious behaviour in dogs Some are very concerned, some relinquish the dog to a refuge, but others think the dog is happy or even being intentionally spiteful," said Mendl "At least some of these dogs may have emotional issues and we would encourage owners to talk to their vets about potential treatments, "he added Of the ten million pet dogs in the UK, around half may show separation anxiety at some stage, the researchers said Mendi's team studied 24 animals at two dog homes in the UK Half of the dogs were male and they were various breeds, including Staffordshire bull terriers, golden retrievers and collies They ranged from nine months to nine years old Researchers began the study by going to a room with each dog in turn and playing for 20 minutes They returned the next day, but this time left the dog alone for five minutes, during which the scientists recorded the animal's behaviour with a video camera The footage was used to give each dog an anxiety score A day or two later, the dogs were trained to walk over to a food bowl that was full when placed at one end of a room and empty when placed at the other When the dogs had learned the difference, the scientists tested the animals' underlying mood by placing bowls in ambiguous positions - in the middle of the room, for example - and noting how quickly each dog went to the bowl The dogs that had been most anxious in the earlier test were slowest to approach food bowls placed in or near the middle of the room, suggesting they expected to find the bowl empty The less anxious dogs ran to the food bowls, implying they were more optimistic, according to a report in Current Biology "We know that people's emotional states affect their judgements and that happy people are more likely to judge an ambiguous situation positively," Mendl said "What our study has shown is that this applies similarly to dogs - that a glass-half-full dog is less likely to be anxious when left alone than one with a more pessimistic nature." Samantha Gaines, deputy head of the companion animals department at the RSPCA, said: "Some dogs may be more prone to develop these behaviours and should be rehomed with appropriate owners Film of a particular subject or event footage How owners respond to anxious behaviour in dogs? They react in different ways If something is described as , it is not clear or it is capable of being understood in more than one way ambiguous If you are to something, you are likely to be affected by it, especially if it is something bad Prone If you feel you are worried about something concerned The more anxiously a dog behaved on being parted from its owner, the more its outlook appeared to be Gloomy The unusual insight into canine psychology from a study by Bristol University researchers emerged When did the researchers video the dogs? when the dogs were left alone for five minutes Which dogs were slowest to approach the food bowls? the ones that had been the most anxious in the previous test Which of these dogs are more likely to be optimistic, according to the study? ones that remain calm when left alone People appear to be born to compute The numerical skills of children develop so early and so inexorably that it is easy to imagine an internal clock of mathematical maturity guiding their growth Not long after learning to walk and talk, they can set the table with impressive accuracy - one plate, oneknife, one spoon, one fork, for each of the five chairs Soon they are capable of noting that theyhave placed five knives, spoons, and forks on the table and, a bit later, that this amounts to fifteen pieces of silverware Having thus mastered addition, they move on to subtraction It seems almost reasonable to expect that if a child were secluded on a desert island at birth and retrieved seven years later, he or she could enter a second-grade mathematics class without any serious problems of intellectual adjustment Of course, the truth is not so simple This century, the work of cognitive psychologists has illuminated the subtle forms of daily learning on which intellectual progress depends Children were observed as they slowly grasped - or, as the case might be, bumped into - concepts that adults take for granted, as they refused, for instance, to concede that quantity is unchanged as water pours from a short stout glass into a tall thin one Psychologists have since demonstrated that young children, asked to count the pencils in a pile, readily report the number of blue or red pencils, but must be coaxed into finding the total Such studies have suggested that the rudiments of mathematics are mastered gradually, and with effort They have also suggested that the very concept of abstract numbers – the idea of a oneness, a twoness, a threeness that applies to any class of objects and is a prerequisite for doing anything more mathematically demanding than setting a table - is itself far from innate According to the passage, when small children were asked to count a pile of red and blue pencils they counted the number of pencils of each color This frightening scenario is in part the consequence of a dramatic increase over the last quarter century in the development of once natural areas of wet marshland; home not only to frogs but to all manner of wildlife Yet, there are no obvious reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere which are barely touched by human hand The mystery is unsettling to say the least, for it is known that amphibian species are extremely sensitive to environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels The danger is that planet Earth might not only lose a vital link in the ecological food chain (frogs keep populations of otherwise pestilent insects at manageable levels), but we might be increasing our output of air pollutants to levels that may have already become irreversible Frogs could be inadvertently warning us of a catastrophe Environmental variations in temperature and moisture levels not affect amphibians FALSE Frogs could warn us of a catastrophe by chance TRUE There are many reasons why certain frog species are disappearing from rainforests in the Southern Hemisphere FALSE Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgot their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure The problem for biologists, psychologists and anthropologists is to sort out which of these two polar explanations is more plausible This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology - to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates, or at least strongly biases, the interaction of animals and humans with their environment, that is, their behaviour Put another way, sociobiology is concerned with elucidating the biological basis of all behaviour In a sociological explanation, personal values are more powerful than authority FALSE A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a 'leader' in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform Specifically, Milgram told each volunteer 'teachersubject' that the experiment was in the noble cause of education, and was designed to test whether or not punishing pupils for their mistakes would have a positive effect on the pupils' ability to learn Several of the subjects were psychology students at Yale University NOT GIVEN TRUE Although the central region of Mexico's high plateau has been inhabited for at least 20,000 years, Mexico City only dates back to the 14th century The Aztecs, or Mexica, had reached this area in the previous century, eventually settling on an island in Lake Texcoco Here, in 1325, the city of Tenochtitlan began to take shape The lake was shallow, and during the nearly 200 years until 1519, the Aztecs expanded the inhabited area by land refill and the creation of artificial islands Canals were dug for the transportation of goods and people Aqueducts were constructed to bring drinking water from natural springs outside the city, dams to protect it against floods, and causeways and bridges to connect the city with the shore There were many houses, palaces, temples, squares, markets and even a zoo Perhaps the most striking construction of this period is the Templo Mayor, a double pyramid which still survives As the capital of an empire stretching from Texas to Honduras, Tenochtitlan was a magnificent and important city When the Spanish arrived, they called it the 'Venice of the New World' Mexico City and the central region of the high plateau have been inhabited for the same length of time FALSE The Aztecs generally preferred to live on islands NOT GIVEN The Spanish had heard of Tenochtitlan before they reached Mexico NOT GIVEN The area where people lived was artificially increased between 1325 and 1519 FALSE NOT GIVEN TRUE In the 18th century, too, many new buildings were constructed It was a prosperous period, when the new aristocracy paid for splendid buildings, banquets and balls, not to mention the latest fashions from Europe The rise of Napoleon in the early 19th century led to political changes throughout Europe An uprising took place in Mexico in 1810, with the aim of ending rule from Spain This goal was finally achieved in 1821, when Mexico City briefly became the capital of the Mexican Empire Since 1823, it has been the capital of the Republic of Mexico, apart from a short period, from 1863 to 1867, when the country was again an empire Since 1823, Mexico has always been a republic FALSE Spanish rule of Mexico ended in 1810 FALSE The rise of Napoleon in the early 19th century led to political changes throughout Europe An uprising took place in Mexico in 1810, with the aim of ending rule from Spain This goal was finally achieved in 1821, when Mexico City briefly became the capital of the Mexican Empire Since 1823, it has been the capital of the Republic of Mexico, apart from a short period, from 1863 to 1867, when the country was again an empire In the first few decades of the 20th century, plans were drawn up for the urbanisation of Mexico City, slum-clearance and housing development programmes were introduced, and factories spread through the city During the 20th century, the population grew fast, and the city is now one of the largest in the world It has changed a great deal since it was founded nearly 700 years ago Industrialisation of Mexico City took place in the early part of the 20th century TRUE The lake was shallow, and during the nearly 200 years until 1519, the Aztecs expanded the inhabited area by land refill and the creation of artificial islands Canals were dug for the transportation of goods and people Aqueducts were constructed to bring drinking water from natural springs outside the city, dams to protect it against floods, and causeways and bridges to connect the city with the shore There were many houses, palaces, temples, squares, markets and even a zoo Perhaps the most striking construction of this period is the Templo Mayor, a double pyramid which still survives As the capital of an empire stretching from Texas to Honduras, Tenochtitlan was a magnificent and important city When the Spanish arrived, they called it the 'Venice of the New World' The Spanish began their conquest of Mexico in 1519 and came close to Tenochtitlan the same year In 1521, they took control of it, after fierce fighting that destroyed most of the city A new capital, with a new name, was built on the ruins, using Spanish architectural styles One part of the lake was filled in to join the island to the shore, and Mexico City became the capital of the wealthiest colony in the Americas, the centre of trade between Spain and China The Aztec inhabitants of Tenochtitlan left when the city was conquered NOT GIVEN The Spanish began their conquest of Mexico in 1519 and came close to Tenochtitlan the same year In 1521, they took control of it, after fierce fighting that destroyed most of the city A new capital, with a new name, was built on the ruins, using Spanish architectural styles One part of the lake was filled in to join the island to the shore, and Mexico City became the capital of the wealthiest colony in the Americas, the centre of trade between Spain and China By the beginning of the 17th century, it was a busy, lively city, with some residents leading a splendid and luxurious way of life Not everything went well, though: heavy rain in 1629 caused a great deal of destruction, in which many people died, and thousands lost their homes A large part of the city had to be rebuilt For much of the century, the residents suffered from social and economic pressures, including serious food shortages, which erupted in riots in 1692 Rain destroyed the whole of Mexico City in 1629 FALSE The Spanish began their conquest of Mexico in 1519 and came close to Tenochtitlan the same year In 1521, they took control of it, after fierce fighting that destroyed most of the city A new capital, with a new name, was built on the ruins, using Spanish architectural styles One part of the lake was filled in to join the island to the shore, and Mexico City became the capital of the wealthiest colony in the Americas, the centre of trade between Spain and China By the beginning of the 17th century, it was a busy, lively city, with some residents leading a splendid and luxurious way of life Not everything went well, though: heavy rain in 1629 caused a great deal of destruction, in which many people died, and thousands lost their homes A large part of the city had to be rebuilt For much of the century, the residents suffered from social and economic pressures, including serious food shortages, which erupted in riots in 1692 In the 18th century, too, many new buildings were constructed It was a prosperous period, when the new aristocracy paid for splendid buildings, banquets and balls, not to mention the latest fashions from Europe In the 18th century, some residents of Mexico City bought European goods TRUE ... Mexican Empire Since 18 23, it has been the capital of the Republic of Mexico, apart from a short period, from 18 63 to 1867, when the country was again an empire Since 18 23, Mexico has always been... Please ask for a longer appointment if you need more time B Weekends and Nights Please telephone 8 233 07 and a recorded message will give you the number of the doctor from the Centre on duty Please... briefly became the capital of the Mexican Empire Since 18 23, it has been the capital of the Republic of Mexico, apart from a short period, from 18 63 to 1867, when the country was again an empire In