Structure of the blood vessels Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by artery vein lumen.Structure of the blood vessels Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by artery vein lumen.
Structure of the blood vessels Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by vein artery tunica intima lumen tunica media tunica adventitia Brought to you by Brought to you by TS Artery endothelium lining tunica intima muscle layer tunica media with elastic fibres tunica adventitia connective tissue lumen Brought to you by Distribution of blood in the circulatory system • Heart • Pulmonary circulation to lungs • Systemic circulation • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins 3% 10% 87% 17% 5% 65% Brought to you by Has pocket valves that prevent the backflow of blood Blood in the vein is pushed forward by the increase in pressure produced by the contraction of the nearby skeletal muscles which the vein run through When the muscles relax and stop pressing the pressure drops and the valves prevent the blood flowing backwards Brought to you by Very narrow Lie close to all cells in the body Capillary endothelial cell Capillary wall is one cell thick Capillaries Red blood cell Very small lumen Narrow diameter slows down blood flow to allow time for exchange between blood and surrounding cells to take place more efficiently Thin walls only one cell thick Brought to you by to ensure maximum rate of transfer between blood and surrounding tissue fluid Atherosclerosis Light micrograph of a cross section through an artery with mild atheroma The artery wall is pink The formation of a fatty plaque or atheroma (grey, centre) has greatly narrowed the size of the artery lumen (white, centre) This causes a considerable reduction in blood flow When this occurs in the arteries leading to the heart symptoms of angina pectoris (gripping pains in the chest) are frequently Brought to you experienced In severe cases heart attacks or strokes may occur Atherosclerosis is principally caused by high fat diets, cigarette smoking, by Atheroma & thrombus Coloured light micrograph of a section through an artery almost completely blocked by atherosclerosis and a thrombus The large red mass in the centre is a thrombus, an abnormal blood clot This is attached to a part of the arterial wall that has thickened with atheroma (yellowred), a fatty deposit containing fibrous tissue, dead cells & cholesterol Atherosclerosis is the biggest cause of death in the UK It causes progressive narrowing of the arteries by deposits of atheroma, and encourages the formation of abnormal Brought clots thatto can block arteries Fatal complications of atherosclerosis you by Atherosclerosis Light micrograph of a cross section through an artery obstructed with an atheroma plaque The artery (at upper left) has a central lumen (black), where blood flows Bordering the lumen is a fibrous and fatty deposit of a plaque on the arterial wall This can be seen as a dark grainy irregular deposit on the inner wall Surrounding the plaque is the dark artery wall muscle with an inner layer of lighter endothelium Atherosclerosis, the thickening of the artery walls, is mainly due to a fatty diet high in cholesterol This can result in clot formationBrought or severeto artery blockage which may lead to heart attack you by Atheroma Cutaway illustration of the inside of a human artery showing fatty plaques of atheroma The artery has three distinct layers The tunica adventitia (outer layer) is fibroelastic and the tunica media (middle layer) is muscular The inner layer, the tunica intima, is composed of a layer of endothelial cells (large, orange) supported by connective tissue Atheroma (green and yellow, centre right) is a mixture of low- density lipoproteins, decaying muscle cells, Brought fibrous tissue, blood platelets and to cholesterol It has narrowed the artery and caused thinning and you by Heart disease Coloured 3-D computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart of sixty year old patient with heart disease The left coronary artery (pink) is on the top of the heart, and it supplies the heart with oxygenated blood The left hand branch is the anterior interventricular artery, which has become narrowed near the top (highlighted area) Stenosis, or narrowing, of arteries leads to reduced blood flow to the areas served by the artery If the artery becomes completely blocked these areas die, causing myocardial infarction, or heart attack Risk factors for stenosis include obesity, smoking, diabetes and a family history of the condition Brought to you by Coloured angiogram taken during a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) to the right coronary artery It is done to treat a severe stenosis (narrowing, upper centre left) caused by plaques of atheroma lining the inside of the artery; the blood flow is also impaired by a clot seen in the same area just below the stenosis Brought to you by Heart disease Coloured 3-D computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart of sixty year old patient with heart disease The left coronary artery (pink) is on the top of the heart, and it supplies the heart with oxygenated blood The left hand branch is the anterior interventricular artery, which has become narrowed near the top (highlighted area) Stenosis, or narrowing, of arteries leads to reduced blood flow to the areas served by the artery If the artery becomes completely blocked these areas die, causing myocardial infarction, or heart attack Risk factors for stenosis include obesity, smoking, diabetes and a family history of the condition Brought to you by Heart disease Coloured angiogram (X-ray) of the coronary (heart) arteries of a patient with heart disease Coronary arteries (orange) supply the heart muscle with oxygenated blood Stenosis (narrowing) of the blood vessels is seen at left Stenosis is usually due to atherosclerosis, where fatty deposits of atheroma form on the inner walls of arteries It may also be due to abnormal blood clots (thrombi) blocking part of an artery Lack of blood to the heart muscle causes angina (severe chest pain) and can lead to a heart attack (death of part of the heart muscle) Atherosclerosis is usually caused by a high-cholesterol diet, but smoking and inactivity are also risk factors Brought to you by Heart bypass grafts Artwork of a heart that has had a blockage of the coronary arteries treated by coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery The coronary arteries are the small blood vessels seen running over the outer surface of the heart They supply oxygenated blood to keep the heart muscle pumping, and a blockage can cause a fatal heart attack The solution is to harvest arteries from elsewhere in the body and use them to bypass the blockage Three grafts are seen running from the aorta, the main body artery, back to the coronary arteries, secured by sutures (black) Three grafts makes this a triple bypass operation, indicating an advanced state of heart disease Brought to you by This platform has been started by Parveen Kumar Chadha with the vision that nobody should suffer the way he has suffered because of lack and improper healthcare facilities in India We need lots of funds manpower etc to make this vision a reality please contact us Join us as a member for a noble cause Brought to you by Our views have increased the mark of the 30,000 Thank you viewers Looking forward for franchise, collaboration, partners Brought to you by Brought to you by Contact ,011-41425180 :-Us ,011-25464531 011-66217387 91-+,91-9818308353 + 9818569476 othermotherindia@gmai l.com www.other-mother Saxbee Consultants Details :-www.parveenc in hadha.com https://cparveen.wix.com/othe r-mother https://twitter.com/othermo therindi http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=326103341&trk=nav_respons ive_tab_profile https://www.facebook.com/pages/Other-Mother-Nursing-Crusade/224235 031114989?ref=hl A WORLDWIDE MISSITION JOIN US ... Brought to you by Brought to you by Layers of the wall of an artery Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Comparison of artery and vein vein artery Brought to you. . .Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by vein artery tunica intima lumen tunica media tunica adventitia Brought to you by Brought. .. tissues Brought to you by Capillaries Capillary endothelial cell Capillary wall is one cell thick Red blood cell Very small lumen Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you by Brought to you