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ENGINEERING
MANAGEMENT
Edited by Fausto Pedro García Márquez
and Benjamin Lev
Engineering Management
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45648
Edited by Fausto Pedro García Márquez and Benjamin Lev
Contributors
Margaret Olubunmi Afolabi, Omoniyi Ola-Olorun, William Fox, Fausto Pedro García Márquez, Mahelet Fikru, Jose-
Ignacio Munoz-Hernandez, Jose-Ramon Otegi-Olaso, Alejandro Gutierrez-Lopez, Julen Rubio, Marta Ramos Martín
Nieto, Benjamin Lev, Wenjing Shen, Xinxin Hu, Yi Liao, Joaquín López Pascual
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2013 InTech
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Technical Editor InTech DTP team
Cover InTech Design team
First published March, 2013
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
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Engineering Management, Edited by Fausto Pedro García Márquez and Benjamin Lev
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-51-1037-8
free online editions of InTech
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Contents
Preface VII
Chapter 1 Heuristic Approaches for a Dual Optimization Problem 1
Fausto Pedro García Márquez and Marta Ramos Martín Nieto
Chapter 2 Comparisons of Lateral Transshipment with Emergency Order
Policies 23
Yi Liao, Wenjing Shen, Xinxin Hu and Benjamin Lev
Chapter 3 Modeling Engineering Management Decisions with
Game Theory 43
William P. Fox
Chapter 4 Managing Pharmacy Operations with People and
Technology 69
Margaret O. Afolabi and Omoniyi Joseph Ola-Olorun
Chapter 5 Improving Mandatory Environmental Data Reporting for
Comparable and Reliable Environmental Performance
Indicators 95
Mahelet G. Fikru
Chapter 6 Technology Assessment in Software Development Projects
Using a System Dynamics Approach: A Case of Application
Frameworks 119
José Ignacio Muñoz Hernández, José Ramón Otegui Olaso and
Alejandro Gutiérrez López
Chapter 7 Technical Performance Based Earned Value as a Management
Tool for Engineering Projects 143
José Ignacio Muñoz Hernández, José Ramón Otegui Olaso and
Julen Rubio Gómez
Chapter 8 The Investment in Hedge Funds as an Alternative
Investment 167
Joaquín López Pascual
Chapter 9 Modeling and Linear Programming in Engineering
Management 181
William P. Fox and Fausto P. Garcia
ContentsVI
Preface
The Engineering Management book synthesises the engineering principles with business
practice, i.e. the book provides an interface between the main disciplines of engineering/
technology and the organizational, administrative, and planning abilities of management. It
is complementary to other sub-disciplines such as economics, finance, marketing, decision
and risk analysis, etc.
This book is intended for engineers, economics and researchers who are developing new
advances in engineering management, or who employ the engineering management disci‐
pline as part of their work. The authors of this volume describe their pioneering work in the
area or provide material for case studies successfully applying the engineering management
discipline in real life cases.
The first chapter describes a real life case study with dual optimization. It consists of finding
the optimal routes in the called principal and capillary routes. The problem has been consid‐
ered a vehicle routing problem with time windows. A recurrent Neural Network approach is
employed to solve the problem, which involves unsupervised learning to train neurons. A
Genetic Algorithm is utilized for training neurons so as to obtain a model with the least error.
Comparisons of lateral transshipment with emergency order policies are done in the second
chapter. It is difficult for a retailer to predict the exact amount of stock. When stock-outs
occur, retailers often submit emergency orders to their supplier or transship goods from
partner stores to lessen the potential loss of sales or missed orders. This chapter explores
and compares these two policies in a general model, where unsatisfied customers may
choose to request retailer’s emergency order/transshipment arrangement, switch to other re‐
tailers or give up shopping. The purpose of this research is not only to analyze each policy
in a practical
business setting, but also to provide a handful of policy-choosing criteria. A
single-period model with one supplier and two centralized retailers in a symmetric scenario
is considered. The study finds the optimal replenishment decision and demonstrates that
emergency order policy dominates transshipment policy in supply chain’s overall profit un‐
der certain conditions. Through numerical analysis, the impacts of customer switching and
customer requesting behaviors on profitability are examined, as well as the optimal replen‐
ishment inventory level.
Chapter three presents modeling engineering management decisions with game theory. The
process of gaining insight into possible courses of action from each player, assuming the
players are rational, is considered in the game theory where the objective is to maximize
their gains. In many business situations, two or more decision makers simultaneously and
without communication choose courses of actions, and the action chosen by each affects the
payoff or gains earned by all other players. Game theory is useful in analyzing decisions in
cases where two or more decision makers have conflicting interest. Most of what we present
here concerns only a two person game, but we will also briefly examine an n-person game.
Healthcare operations management is considered in chapter four as the quantitative analysis
of supporting business systems and processes that transform resources (inputs) into health
care services (outputs). Pharmacy operations are carried out within the healthcare system
and have a mix of both intangible and tangible characteristics. Appropriate resources are
transformed to create the pharmaceutical services which form intangible components of the
operations. These services are knowledge-based and have high levels of customer interac‐
tions. The services accompany health commodities which are tangible products; the logistics
and supply of which are major functions of operations management. The objectives are to
describe the scope of operations management in health care, identify the need for technolo‐
gy and automation in pharmacy operations, highlight some types of technology employed
in pharmacy operations, identify human resource issues of operations and technology in the
pharmacy, highlight process workflow of prescription filling in a pharmacy, and describe
process improvement approaches to optimise patient flow in a pharmacy.
The recently introduced Europe-wide mandatory environmental data reporting regulation
(known as E-PRTR) has not yet been reviewed nor evaluated to increase its value to re‐
searchers as well as policymakers. The purpose of chapter five is to explore this relatively
new database, identify limitations and inconsistencies, and recommend areas of improve‐
ment. The chapter also introduces a new methodology to aggregate and normalize facility-
level environmental data obtained from the E-PRTR. Normalized values are used to
construct an environmental performance indicator which captures a facility’s abatement
efforts through waste recycling and pollutant treatment techniques. The indicator can easi‐
ly be used to compare industrial facilities across time, industry and country.
Project and technology managers need to make important decisions concerning the technol‐
ogies that will be used in
their projects and organizations. However, evaluating the impacts
of introducing a new technology is not an easy task. In software development, projects are
integrated by several interrelated elements forming a system riddled with complex rela‐
tions. This makes it difficult to perceive how the system will perform if an improvement
action, such as introducing a new technology, is implemented. With system dynamics it is
possible to analyze the impacts of introducing a technology in a software development sys‐
tem. System dynamics is one of the techniques used to perform a technology assessment.
Chapter six explores system dynamics in the field of software development to assess the
adoption of technologies. A case study of a system dynamic model used to analyze the im‐
pact of implementing an application framework technology is presented.
It is important during a project life cycle to compare the project´s status against the planned
parameters. This allows a project manager to evaluate the project’s progress and take correc‐
tive actions as needed. An efficient controlling requires an integrated supervision of project
performance, scheduling and costs. The Earned Value Management (EVM) is a method that
integrates these three issues in a quantifiable form, and therefore its use has been extended
both in private companies and in public companies, such as in the U.S. Department of De‐
fense which originally formulated the method. Much research has been carried out to im‐
prove the EVM in the last ten years and is outlined in
this chapter. Among them is
Performance Based Earned Value (PBEV) which helps to consider specifically the technical
performance in the EVM. PBEV is a suitable system to control engineering projects where
PrefaceVIII
the technical targets are a priority like in engine development projects for energy generation.
Chapter seven presents two real life engine engineering projects which have been analyzed
with PBEV and resulted in significant savings.
Chapter eight describes a synthesis of investing in hedge funds or an explanation of the
complexities of investing in hedge funds. It presents a general overview of the field of alter‐
native investments and its complexities of hedge funds. It assesses the challenges of analy‐
sing and selecting hedge funds. Alternative investment vehicles have taken an important
role not only in the diversification of portfolios but also as standalone investments. Captur‐
ing the entire risk dimensions implied in hedge fund investment strategies is paramount in
understanding alternative investments. A lot of attention has been given to the hedge fund
industry as a paradigm of alternative investments.
The final chapter describes the use of linear optimization in engineering management. The
concepts of linear programming in an applied format are presented. Several formulations in
areas of engineering management are employed together illustrating both graphical simplex
and the simplex algorithm. Different examples of solving problems with software are
shown, concluding with data envelopment analysis as a linear program.
Fausto Pedro García Márquez
Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, Spain
Benjamin Lev
Drexel University, USA
Preface IX
[...]... fleet management service provider for central food market enterprises, Journal of Food Engineering, , 60, 203-210 [22] Gendreau, M, Iori, M, Laporte, G, & Martello, S (2006) A Tabu Search Algorithm for a Routing and Container Loading Problem Transportation Science 40(3), , 342-350 [23] Tarantilis, C D, & Kiranoudis, C T algorithm for the efficient distribution of perish‐ able foods, Journal of Food Engineering, ... capacity vehicle covers this route, denoted as 'vehicle A', leaving the origin city with a certain quantity of product If there is excess of products, they will be transported by other vehicles 3 4 Engineering Management The solution proposed by the company is: Vehicles follow the route assigned to arrive in Madrid The vehicles are unloaded and are available to be loaded again The vehicles leave for Barcelona... is a set of n cities, and E is a set of arcs connecting these cities, but in this approach the cities can be visited more than once Under these conditions, the problem can be formulated as: 5 6 Engineering Management Minimize: å cij xij , i . Programming in Engineering
Management 181
William P. Fox and Fausto P. Garcia
ContentsVI
Preface
The Engineering Management book synthesises the engineering. ENGINEERING
MANAGEMENT
Edited by Fausto Pedro García Márquez
and Benjamin Lev
Engineering Management
http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45648
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