ANALOG CIRCUITS Edited by Yuping Wu Analog Circuits http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45891 Edited by Yuping Wu Contributors Tales Pimenta, Gustavo Della Colletta, Odilon Dutra, Paulo Cesar Crepaldi, Leonardo Zoccal, Luis Ferreira, Tomasz Golonek, Piotr Jantos, Fawzi Mohammed Munir Al-Naima, Bessam Al-Jewad, Soumyasanta Laha, Savas Kaya, Zygmunt Garczarczyk Published by InTech Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia Copyright © 2013 InTech All chapters are Open Access distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. After this work has been published by InTech, authors have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication, referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source. Notice Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted for the accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book. Publishing Process Manager Ana Pantar Technical Editor InTech DTP team Cover InTech Design team First published January, 2013 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechopen.com Analog Circuits, Edited by Yuping Wu p. cm. ISBN 978-953-51-0930-3 free online editions of InTech Books and Journals can be found at www.intechopen.com Contents Preface VII Section 1 Circuit Design 1 Chapter 1 A Successive Approximation ADC using PWM Technique for Bio-Medical Applications 3 Tales Cleber Pimenta, Gustavo Della Colletta, Odilon Dutra, Paulo C. Crepaldi, Leonardo B. Zocal and Luis Henrique de C. Ferreira Chapter 2 Radio Frequency IC Design with Nanoscale DG-MOSFETs 19 Soumyasanta Laha and Savas Kaya Section 2 Analog CAD 49 Chapter 3 Memetic Method for Passive Filters Design 51 Tomasz Golonek and Jantos Piotr Chapter 4 Interval Methods for Analog Circuits 69 Zygmunt Garczarczyk Chapter 5 Fault Diagnosis in Analog Circuits via Symbolic Analysis Techniques 91 Fawzi M Al-Naima and Bessam Z Al-Jewad Preface The invariable motif for analog design is to explore the new circuit topologies, architectures, and CAD technologies as well as the traditional circuit and layout optimization to overcome the design challenges coming from the new applications and new fabrication technologies. The ADC design is explored with new architecture for bio-medical application in the chapter A Successive Approximation ADC using PWM Technique for Bio-Medical aApplications, the RFIC design is explored with one of the future mainstream fabrication process in the chapter Radio Frequency IC Design with Nanoscale DG-MOSFETs , the circuit synthesis for one of the key analog module circuit is explored in the chapter Memetic Method for Passive Filters Design, one of the analog circuit analysis technologies is explored in the chapter Interval Methods for Analog Circuits, and the fault diagnosis method is explored in the chapter Fault Diagnosis in Analog Circuits via Symbolic Analysis Techniques. In the chapter A Successive Approximation ADC using PWM technique for bio-medical applications a new architecture for a SAR A/D converter using the PWM technique in the internal DAC stage is presented; the proposed architecture aims to eliminate the process mismatches and thus minimize the errors. In order to validate this architecture, a 4bit A/D converter has been simulated on Spectre simulator using BSIM3v3 model for a 0.5um CMOS process. The power consumption is only 16mW for a power supply of 2.5V. The sample rate was limited to 200Hz, regarding the circuit design and the maximum frequency achieved by the CMOS process. The chapter Radio Frequency IC Design with Nanoscale DG-MOSFETs presents an exhaustive collection of DG-MOSFET based analog radio frequency integrated circuits of LC oscillators, PA, LNA, RF Mixer, OOK Modulator, Envelope Detector and Charge Pump PFD for today’s wireless communication, satellite navigation, sensor networks etc. Industry standard SPICE simulations show that such RFICs with nanoscale DG-MOSFETs can present the excellent performance. In the chapter Memetic Method for Passive Filters Design the automated system for a passive filter circuits design was presented. The circuit’s topology as well as its elements values is optimized together in the MGP system. Thanks to the deterministic algorithm of the local searching engaging (HJM), the speed of convergence to the well evaluated solutions during the evolutionary computations grows significantly and the values of the filter’s elements are adjusted to the most fitted ones for an actual circuit topology. In the chapter Interval Methods for Analog Circuits, for the calculating of the operating regions (solutions) for linear circuits, the circuits are described by linear interval equations with the circuit parameters done as the interval numbers, and an algorithm of iterative evaluation of the bounds of operating regions is presented to calculate multidimensional rectangular region bounding the set of operating points. For finding DC solutions of nonlinear, inertial-less circuits, the predictor-corrector method controls the corrector step with the sufficiently large predictor step and the corrector step not jumping to another continuation path during solving the points of continuation path of a nonlinear equation; and Krawczyk operator is used in n-dimensional box-searching of all solutions. In the chapter Fault Diagnosis in Analog Circuits via Symbolic Analysis Techniques a generalized fault diagnosis and verification approach for linear analog circuits was discussed. A symbolic method is proposed to solve the testability problem during the detection and location of the multiple faults in a linear analog circuit in frequency domain, then to exactly evaluate the faulty parameter deviations. Enjoy the book! Yuping Wu Professor Institute of Microelectronics of CAS Beijing, China PrefaceVIII Section 1 Circuit Design [...]... output as a digital-to -analog converter on a tms320f280x digital signal controller Technical report, Texas Instruments [2] Eid, E.-S., & El-Dib, H (2009) Design of an 8-bit pipelined adc with lower than 0.5 lsb dnl and inl without calibration Design and Test Workshop (IDT), 2009 4th Interna‐ tional, 1-6 17 18 Analog Circuits [3] Hoeschele, D F J (1994) Analog- to-Digital and Digital-to -Analog Conversion... http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51715 1 Introduction Analog to digital (A/D) converters provide the interface between the real world (analog) and the digital processingdomain The analog signals to be converted may originate from many transducers that convert physical phenomena like temperature, pressure or position to elec‐ trical signals Since these electrical signals are analog voltage or current proportionals... Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited 20 2 Analog Circuits Analog Circuits to drain as well as to the substrate, which makes the SOI MOSFET a highly desirable device applicable for high-speed and low-power applications However, even these redeeming features... PTM for FinFETs The widely available compact models for SOI-based single-gate MOSFETs can not be used for the DG-MOSFETs, for which new surface-potential based models are developed [20]-[23] Analog Circuits Analog Circuits 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 Current (mA) 4 Current (mA) 22 V bg 0.3 0.2 − 0.30V − 0.15V 0.0V 0.15V 0.2 0.1 0.1 0 0 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 Voltage, Vfg (V) (a) 0.4 0.5 0.6 0 0 Vbg − 0.75V − 0.5V... tuning Specifically, the voltage operated fine ‘vernier’ frequency tuning sets a frequency with precision after it has been ‘coarsely’ selected by the current operated crude logarithmic tuning Analog Circuits Analog Circuits VDD VDD VDD VDD Q Vbgp IIN S Q C Vbgn VDD Vbgp R Q Q C Vbgn (a) 10 10 1 1 Frequency [GHz] 6 Frequency (GHz) 24 0.1 VDD;Iin 0.1 ; Vp DD bg 0.6 V; 0.4 V (Single) 0.8 V; 0.4 V (Single)... voltage (Vrms ) Fig 5b illustrates this interesting tunable feature of the DG MOSFET VCO Without any change in the supply, the Vrms can be controlled via back gate bias (Vbg ), which can have Analog Circuits Analog Circuits OOK Modulator VDD VDD L1 L3 L2 C Vout2 : To PA Vout1 MN3 Vbg2 Vbg1 MN1 MN2 From VCO, (60 GHz Carrier) Data, 1 Gbps MN4 VCO (a) 1.6 −10 1.2 Phase Noise (dBc/Hz) −40 0.8 0.4 −0.4 0.2... Efficiency (PAE) Several acclaimed literatures [35], [30] are available for interested readers on these concepts This book chapter focusses on the design of tunable DG-MOSFET Class A PA 28 Analog Circuits 10 Analog Circuits The design of the wide band and high gain PA is a challenging task, especially in ultra-compact MOSFETs with low output impedance Consequently, in [36], we simply adapted two recent... cmos VLSI Circuits (VLSIC), 2010 IEEE Sympo‐ sium on, 243-244 [5] Lu, T C., Van, L D., Lin, C S., & Huang, C.-M (2011) A 0.5v 1ks/s 2.5nw 8.52-enob 6.8fj/conversion-step sar adc for biomedical applications Custom Integrated Circuits Conference (CICC), 2011 IEEE, 1-4 [6] Mesgarani, A., & Ay, S (2011) A low voltage, energy efficient supply boosted sar adc for biomedical applications Biomedical Circuits. .. SAR, PWM generator, Low pass filter and comparator blocks are discussed Also the equating necessary to determine the filter features and clock frequencies is developed SAR and PWM 7 8 Analog Circuits generator digital circuits are modeled using VHDL hardware description language Compa‐ rator and the first order low pass filter are modeled using compartmental blocks A macro level simulation is performed... radio frequency analog and adaptive systems with minimal overhead to the fabrication sequence Given the fact that they are designed for sub-22nm technology nodes, the DG MOSFETs can effectively handle GHz modulation, making them relevant for the RF /Analog/ Mixed-Signal system-on-chip applications and giga-scale integration [16], [17] The two most important metrics for RF CMOS/DG-CMOS circuits are the . ANALOG CIRCUITS Edited by Yuping Wu Analog Circuits http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/45891 Edited by Yuping. chapter Interval Methods for Analog Circuits, and the fault diagnosis method is explored in the chapter Fault Diagnosis in Analog Circuits via Symbolic Analysis