62 Xahoihoc sd 4 (112), 2010
BIEN DOI
XA
HOI
6
VIETNAM QUA 20NAM DOI
M6I
(Qua phdn tich cdc bdi viet tren Tap chi
Xd
hoi hgc)
TRAN MINH CHIEN*
Bien ddi xahoi luon la chu de nghien cflu trung tam cua xa hdi hpc. Tfl nhflng
bien ddi chinh tri, kinh te
Idn
den nhflng bien ddi trong chuan mflc, cac gia tri, hanh
vi,
y nghia
van
hda
va
cac quan he xahoi deu dfldc cac nha xahoi hpc quan tam.
Qua hdn hai thap ky Ddi mdi (1986 - 2008) VietNam da dat dfldc nhflng thanh
tflu
Idn
ve kinh te cflng vdi nhflng bien ddi sau
sac
trong
llnh
vflc xa hdi tfl vi md den
vl
mo. Bien ddi xahoi chinh la mot trong nhflng chu de da, dang
va
se thu hut sfl
quan tam nghien cflu cua khoa hpc xahoi va xahoi hpc.
Trong xahoi hpc d Viet Nam, nghien cflu ve
'Taien
ddi xa hdi" dfldc
bit
dlu tfl
khi
nao?
Ndi dung cua cae bien ddi
xa
hoi la gi?
Llnh
vflc
nao
cua sfl bien ddi d Viet
Nam dfldc tap trung nghien cflu nhieu nha't? Cau tra
Idi
ro nha't cd the tim tha'y
qua phan tich cae bai viet tren Tap chi xa hdi hpc tfl So' 1
nam
1983 den nay. Trong
thdi gian dd, mot tap hdp gdm 46 bai viet
ma
tren tieu de ciia bai ed cum tfl "bien ddi"
dfldc
Ifla
chpn ra de phan tich. Bai viet
nay
la khai quat ve thflc te bien ddi xahoi cl
Viet Nam dfldc phan anh qua cae bai viet dd.
1.
Biendoixa hoi:
tuf
cd cau xahoi den tam ly xahoi (giai doan
1986 -
1989)
Giai doan nay ed 5 bai viettrong dd cd 4 bai ndi ve bien ddi ed ca'u xa hdi, mot
bai ve bien ddi tam ly xa hdi. Bai viet dlu tien ve bien ddi xahoi xua't hien tren tap
chi
vao nam
1986.'
Cae bai viet deu ed xu hfldng di sau phan tich sfl bien ddi cd ca'u
xa hdi giai ca'p (giai cap ndng dan
va
tang
Idp
tri thflc) de tfl dd chi ra xu hfldng da
dang hoa cac thanh phln xa hdi, eac nhdm xahoitrong cd ca'u xa hdi eua xa hdi Viet
Nam nhflng
nam
dau ddi mdi. Phan
tich
noi dung cac bai viet
giai
doan
nay
cho tha'y
2 xu hfldng bien ddi xa hdi quan trpng.
Mot
Id,
sfl bien ddi cd ca'u xa hdi ndng
thon^.
Cae tac gia da khai quat ve ba qua
trinh gde cua sfl
bien
ddi ed cau xahoi d nong thdn VietNam thdi ky Doi mdi. Thd
nhdt, sfl thay doi d quan he san xua't trong dd dien ra qua trinh phan giai hay hoa
giai "tap the hoa ndng nghiep" thanh nhflng quan he de cao vai trd chu dong eua hp
Th.S-
TrUdng Sy quan Chinh tri, Bp Quo'c phong.
' Do Thanh Hong. "Chi bdo bien ddi xd hoi qua nhd
cf
nong thon". Tap chi Xd hoi hpc. So'. 2. 1986. Tr.
19 - 24.
^
Hong Canh. "Cdch Mang xd hoi
ehd
nghia vd
sit
biendoi ca cau xd hoi nong thdn Viet Nam". Tap
chi
Xd hoi hoc. So' 1+2. 1988. Tr.
21-31.
Trdn Minh Chien 63
gia dinh - quan he
khoan
hd gia dinh. Thd hai, sfl phat trien eua khoa hpc ky thuat
va
viec chu ddng ap dung
cae
tien bp ky thuat. Thd ba, sfl thay ddi trong tfl duy va
trinh dp dan tri (xem sd dd 1). Ba qua trinh bien ddi nay da
lam
thay doi
Ifle Iflc
san
xua't d ndng thdn
va
tfl dd lam thay ddi cd cau
xa
hoi ndng thdn tfl cd ca'u gdm hai tap
doan:
ndng dan tap the
va
ndng dan ca the thanh ed ca'u gdm 4 thanh phln xa hoi. Cd
ca'u
nay
bao gdm thanh phln ndng dan tap the, ndng dan ca the thflc cha't
la
kinh te
hp gia dinh, tieu thu edng nghiep,
va
thanh phan "can bp ky thuat, dieh vu" phuc vu
san xuat nong nghiep.
Tap the hda
ndng nghiep
(QHSX)
SM
phdt trien
Khoa hpc ky
thugt
Trinh dp
ddn
tri
\
^^
\/
-f'
Lye
lupng
sdn xud't
thay doi
\ .
\ •
Bien
doi
CO
cau
xd
hdi
ndng
thdn
Ndng ddn tap the
Ngudi Idm tieu thu
cong nghiep
Cdn bd ky thudt,
Nhdn
vien
quan
ly,
Tri
thuc, dich
vg
Ngudi Idm dn cd
the
So do
1:
Qud trinh bien ddi ca cdu xd
hpl
nong thon
Vlft
Nam vd bieu
hifn
cua no
Hai la, Sfl bien ddi cd ca'u xahoi tang
Idp
tri
thflc.^
Cd the tdm tat nhflng khia
canh cua sfl bien ddi CCXH tang
Idp
tri thflc nhflng
nam
dau ddi mdi bang mot sd dd
dfldi day (sd dd 2). Sd dd
nay
eho tha'y CCXH
ting Idp
tri thflc VietNam da dinh hinh
thanh hai nhdm (nhdm tri thflc khoa hpc tfl nhien, khoa hpc ky thuat
va
nhdm tri
thflc khoa hpc xa hdi) va da bien ddi thanh mot
Iflc
Ifldng
Idn
manh ve
so'
Ifldng
va
da
dang ve thanh phln dan toe ddng thdi binh dang hdn ve thanh phln gidi tinh.
Co cdu xd
hdi Tdng Idp
tri
thOc
Tri
thuc Khoa
hpc
ty
nhien,
ky thudt
Tri
thuc
Khoa hpc
xd hdi
Bien
doi
co
cdu xd hdi
tdng Idp tri
thQc
So lupng
Co cdu gidi
Co cdu
thdnh phdn
ddn tdc
So dd 2: NhQng
Ichia
cqnh cua
si/
bien ddi co cdu xd hoi
tdng
idp tri thuc VietNam
nhung ndm ddu ddi mdi
'
Nguyen Duy Quy. "Ve qud trinh van dong va bien
ddi ccf
cau xd hoi tdng
Idp
tri
thUc
Viet Nam'. Tap
chi
Xd hoi
hgc.
So 3. 1989. Tr. 11-18.
64 Bien ddi xd hoi d VietNam qua 20 ndm ddi mdi
Dang chu y la bien ddi ed ca'u xa hdi giai doan 1986 - 1989 khdng chi dflng
lai d cac giai ca'p xa hdi va cac nhdm xa hdi ma con md rong
va
di sau trong ddi
sdng tam ly xa hdi nhfl
la
mot he qua ta't yeu cua qua trinh bien ddi ed ca'u xahoi
dang dien ra het sflc manh me trong nhflng
nam
dau ddi mdi d Viet Nam.''
2.
Biendoi cd cau xahoi thong qua bien ddi gia dinh (giai doan
1990 - 1999)
Giai doan
nay
Tap
ehi
Xahoi hpc cd 23 bai viet de cap den sfl bien ddi xa hoi.
Cac bai viet ve bien ddi xa hdi phong phu, da dang hdn ca ve chu de, noi dung, cap
dp nghien cflu va each tiep can nghien cflu. Nhin chung bien ddi xa hdi dfldc phan
anh chu yeu
la
sfl bien ddi ed cau xa hdi. Cac bai viet nay tap trung lam ro sfl bien
ddi eua eac qua trinh xa hdi rieng le, vi du nhfl:
qui
trinh bien ddi nhan thflc va
hanh vi dan so; qua trinh bien ddi mflc sinh; qua trinh di chuyen lao ddng ndng
thdn - do thi; qua trinh bien ddi cd ca'u xahoi nghe nghiep; qua trinh phan hoa
giau ngheo, phan
ting
mflc sd'ng Dae biet, sfl bien ddi cd ca'u
xa
hdi dfldc cac bai
viet phan anh nhieu nha't thdng qua nghien cflu sfl bien ddi gia dinh (cd 10/23 bai
viet trong giai doan
nay
nghien cflu sfl bien ddi gia dinh). Cac bai viet
gin
nhfl co
mot diem chung tfldng dd'i thdng nhat khi luan giai ve nguyen nhan sau xa eua sfl
bien ddi eac
qua
trinh xa hdi, bien ddi gia dinh. Dd chinh la sfl chuyen ddi cd che
kinh te tfl tap trung quan lieu bao ca'p sang kinh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng XHCN.
Bien ddi ed ca'u
xa
hoi ma cac bai viet giai doan 1990 - 1999 de cap tren 2 khia
canh. Thd nhdt, sfl bien ddi cd cau xa hdi thdng qua cac qua trinh xahoi cd tinh
nha't day chuyen: tfl bien ddi ed che kinh te
din
tdi bien ddi ed ca'u xahoi nghe
nghiep vdi sfl hinh thanh 3 nhdm nghe nghiep chu yeu d ndng thdn Viet Nam:
thuIn
ndng, hdn hdp
va
phi
ndng.^
Di lien vdi sfl bien ddi ed ca'u xa hdi nghe
nghiep la sfl phan
ting
ve mflc sd'ng vdi 3 mflc
gin
lien vdi 3 nhdm hp: giau c6,
kha gia, ngheo
ddi.^
Trongxahoi ddng thdi cung ed sfl bien ddi he gia tri,
ehuin
mflc
va tinh
nang ddng
xa
hdi trong cac nhdm dan
cfl^(xem
sd dd 3).
•* Dilc
Uy. "Mot so biendoitrong tdm ly xd hoi ta nhiing nam
gdn
ddy qua viec chuyen doi he gid tri".
Tap chi Xd hoi hgc. So 4. 1989. Tr. 22-27.
'
To Duy Hop. "Thitc trgng vd xu
hUdng
bien doi
ccf
cdu xd hoi nong thon trong thdi ky doi mdi hien nay".
Tap chi Xd hoi hgc. So 4. 1993. Tr. 18-24.
*
Do Thien Kinh.
"Sit
bien
ddi
cua cd cdu nghe nghiep vd phdn
tdng mile
sdng d nong thon dong bdng
song Hong. Tap
chiZd
hoi hgc. So 3. 1995. Tr. 68-74.
' TUcJng
Lai. "Nhitng vdn de cua
sit
bien ddi xd hdi sau 10 ndm doi mdi
cf
Viet Nam". Tap chi Xd hoi hgc.
Sol. 1997. Tr. 3-12.
Trdn Minh Chien 65
BIgn
ddi
CO
chg
kinh
t§'
>
Bl^n
ddi
kinh
t^
ha
gia
dinh
>
Bien
ddi
CO
cdu
xa
h6l
nghe
nghiep
Thudn
nang
Hon
hop
Phi
nfing
>
Bien
ddi
thu
nhdp
/
/
/
\
\
\
Ngheo,
doi
Kha,
tnjng
binh
Giau
c6
V
\
^
/
/
Bien
ddi he
gid
trj,
chudn
muc
xd
hpl
Tinh
nflng
dong
XH
Trgng
gidu
Nhu
cdu tu
chu
Nhu
cdu
dan
chu
So do 3:
SI/
bien
do!
co cdu xd hpl thdng quo
su
bien
ddi
c6 tinh chdt ddy chuyen cua cdc qud
trinh
xd hoi (gioi doqn
1990
- 1999)
Thd hai, bien ddi ed ca'u xa hdi thong qua bien ddi gia dinh. Bien ddi gia dinh
cung la he qua ta't yeu eua nhflng bien ddi cd che kinh te, bien ddi cac qua trinh xa
hdi (da md hinh hda trong sd dd 3). Cd 3 khia canh dang chu y eua sfl bien ddi gia
dinh (xem sd dd 4). Mot
la,
sfl bien ddi hon nhan (bao gdm sfl bien ddi vai trd eua gia
dinh, ca nhan, nha nfldc trong viee
Ifla
chpn ban ddi, quyet dinh hdn nhan
va
sfl bien
ddi tieu
chuan
eua ngfldi ban
ddi.*
Hai
la,
sfl bien ddi quan he trong ddi sd'ng gia dinh
(xu hfldng binh dang, dan chu ngay
cang
tang, vi the, vai trd eua ngfldi phu nfl ngay
cang
nang
cao).*
Ba
la,
bien ddi nhan thflc
va
hanh vi sinh san (ed sfl bien ddi nhan
thflc ve chuan mflc so' con, md hinh gia dinh it con
ngay cang
dfldc cha'p nhan, cac
bien phap
ke
hoach hda gia dinh
ngay cang
dfldc ap dung rong
rai).^°
Co
che
kinh
te
nndl
Bien
ddi
CO
cdu
xd hpl
Bien
ddi
CO
cdu
gia
dinh
Hdn nhdn
Quan he
trong ddi
song
gia
dinh
Nhdn
thuc, hdnh
vi sinh sdn
(Vai
trd
gia
dinh,
cd nhdn,
nhd
nude
vd tieu chudn cua
ngudi ban
ddi)
(Binh
ddng, ddn chu tdng; vai
trd
phg
nu
ngtiy edng dupe
de cao )
(Bien doi nhdn
thCie
ve
chudn muc so con, nnd hinh
gia
dinh,
bien phdp KHHGD)
So do 4:
s\f
bien ddi co cdu xd hpl thdng qua bien
ddi
gia
dinh (glal
doqn
1990-1999)
Daniele Belanger, Khua't Thu Hong. "Mot sd bien ddi trong hon nhdn vd gia dinh d Hd Noi trong
nh,iing
nam 1965 - 1992". Tap chi Xd hoi hgc. So 4. 1995. Tr. 27 - 42.
TUcJngLai.
"Van
de gia dinh
trong sU bim
ddi vd phdi trim
cua
xd hot'.
Tap chiAaM
Ape.
S6'3.1998.
Tr. 13
-
27.
Nguyen Minh Thang, Charlies Hischeman, Nguyen Hiiu Minh. "Nhdn
thitc
ve
so'con
cua phu
nvC
ndng thdn: xu
hUdng
bien ddi vd cdc yeu
tduic
dong'. Tap chi Xd hoi hgc. So'
3.
1996. Tr. 3 - 16.
66 Biendoi xd hoi d VietNam qua 20 ndm ddi mdi
Cflng trong giai doan 1990 - 1999, da cd 4 bai viet cua eac
tac
gia nfldc ngoai ve bien
ddi xa hoi. Trong dd, dang chfl y la sfl xua't hien each nhin mdi,
each
tiep can
van
hda ve sfl
bien ddi cd ca'u xahoi d dd
thi^^
va sfl biendoi cac hinh thflc gia
chnh
tren the
gidi.^"
3.
Biendoi cd cau xahoi giai doan tfl 2000 den nay: bd sung va nang
tam nghien
ctfu
Giai doan
nay
Tap chi Xahoi hpc ed 18 bai viet theo xu hfldng di sau lam ro va bd
sung them nhflng bien ddi cd ca'u xahoi thdng qua sfl bien ddi cua cac qua trinh bd phan,
rieng le da dflcic
de
cap den trong giai doan trfldc nhfl: bien ddi dan so', bien ddi cd ca'u xa
hdi nghe nghiep, bien ddi hdn nhan Dac biet, trong dd cd 4 bai mang tinh chat tdng
h(3p,
khai quat cac ket qua nghien cflu ve bien ddi xahoi qua hdn 10
nam
ddi mdi tren 4
khia canh ed ban. Mot la, vi cd cdu xd hdi. Qua hdn 15
nam
thflc hien ddi mdi, cd cau xa
hdi nfldc ta da cd sfl bien ddi manh me, dfldc the hien mot each dien hinh trong hien
tfldng phan tang
xa
hoi nhfl mot loai hinh bien ddi xa hoi
ma
sfl tfl do hoa thfldng mai,
chuyen sang kinh te thi trfldng, day manh edng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, dd la nhflng
tac nhan quan trpng thuc day nhflng thay ddi trong ca'u true xa
hpi.*^
He qua la, da lam
cho ed ca'u xahoi d niidc ta ma trpng tam la cd ca'u xa hdi - giai cap luon
gan
lien vdi cd
ca'u xahoi - nghe nghiep va ngay cang trd nen da dang, phfle tap hdn, "tfl ed ca'u xahoi -
giai cap "thuan nha't' chuyen sang ed cau xa hdi - giai cap da
dang'V'
bao
gdm."
giai cap
edng nhan; giai cap ndng dan;
ting Idp
tri thflc; tang
Idp
tieu thfldng, tieu chu; tang
Idp
chu doanh nghiep tfl nhan; mot
so'nhdm xa
hdi lam giau phi phap. Trongmoi giai ca'p,
ting Idp
xahoi lai tiep tuc cd sfl phan hda, bien ddi ro ret (xem sd do 5).
Hai
la,
vi cd cdu ngdnh nghi vd mdc sdng (thu nhap). Qua hdn 10
nam
ddi mdi, nong
thdn ddng blng chau thd sdng Hdng xua't hien xu the da dang hda
nganh
nghe va viec lam
theo hfldng tang viec lam phi ndng nghiep. Day ed the coi viia la nguyen nhan, vfla la ket qua
cua qua trinh phan
ting
xa hdi ma trfldc het
la
ve thu nhap va mflc song dang dien ra kha ro
net ciing tai khu vflc
nay.
Nhin chung mflc sd'ng (thu nhap) cua ngfldi dan
vCmg
ddng blng
chau thd sdng Hdng da
dfl(3c
nang len rd ret, vi the chat Ifldng cupe song cung dfldc cai thien
dang ke, keo theo d6
la
sfl gia tang tieu diing
van
hoa va sfl bien ddi cua he tho'ng gia tri,
chuan mflc. Vi du, thu nhap
binh
quan dau ngfldi mot
nam
cua ngfldi dan xa Ninh Hiep, Gia
Lam, Ha Noi
nam
1996 la 8.000.000 ddng. Trong khi dd neu tinh thdi gia 1996 thi thu nhap
binh quan dlu ngfldi mot
nam
ciing tai dia phfldng
nay nam
1986 ehi la 2.000.000
ddng.'^
Ba
la, vi nhiing biendoi gia dinh. Da cd sfl chuyen ddi y nghia cua hdn nhan va gia dinh theo
hfldng chu y den ca nhan. Bieu hien, giam vai trd cua cha me, hp hang va tang vai trd cua ea
nhan
tix)ng
viec tim hieu
va
quyet dinh hdn nhan. Ve hanh vi cua gia dinh, da ed sfl bien ddi
hanh vi theo xu hfldng phuc hdi nhflng dac trflng truyen thdng
va bi
tien te hpa. Ve cd ca'u gia
Penny Gustein.
"SU
bien ddi vd tinh lien tuc trong moi
triCdng
xay
diCng
do thi: cdc cdch
ti-ip
can
bdo
ton di sdn vd
sU
ddp
itng
vdn hoa". Tap
chiXd
hoi hgc. So 3. 1993. Tr. 41-77.
Lan
Phiidng
(dich).
"SU
bien ddi co cdu gia dinh". Tap chi xd hoi hgc. So 2. 1994. Tr. 97-102.
Trinh Duy Luan. "Nghien
cUu
nhitng vdn de bien ddi xd hoi
a
nUdc ta trong giai doan hien nay". Tap
chi Xd hoi
hgc.
Sd
2.
2003.
Tr. 6.
Pham Xuan Nam. "Mdy net sa bg ve
sit
bien ddi
ccf
cdu xd hoi- giai cdp
cf niCdc
ta khi chuyen sang ca
che
thi trUdng dinh
hUdng
xd hoi chu nghia". Tap
chi.rY(2
hoi hgc. So 4. 2001. Tr. 5.
Triicing
Xuan
TnWng.
"Mot
so'bien
ddi kinh te - xd hoi nong thon vitng chau
thd
sdng Hong hien nay".
Tap chi Xd hoi
hgc.
So
3.
2003.
Tr. 30.
Trdn Minh Chien 67
dinh, ed sfl bien ddi theo xu hfldng nhd ve quy md va da dang. Vi du, d khu vflc ddng blng Blc
Bp cd 83,2% la gia dinh hat nhan, 16,8%
la
gia dinh md rong (chu yeu
la borne
sdng cung vdi
con trai da ket hdn). Ty le hp gia dinh md rong d dd thi cao hdn so vdi khu vflc d ndng thdn
(20,8%
va
16,8%). Xua't hien loai hinh gia dinh hat nhan khuyet thieu. Dae biet, khdng cd sfl
thay ddi
dang
ke ve sfl phan edng lao ddng trong gia dinh gifla vd
va
chdng. Ngfldi vd chu
yeu dam nhan cae edng viec trong gia dinh, eon ngfldi chdng dai dien cho gia dinh trong cac
hoat ddng ben ngoai gia dinh. Trfldc mot van de cdn chfla tho'ng nha't, thfldng ngfldi phu nfl
phai thay ddi thdi quen de
lam
hai long chdng nhieu hdn. Tuy nhien, sfl tham gia cua phu
nfl trong
Ifle
Ifldng lao ddng xahoi ngay cang tang len. Ket qua eua eac nghien cflu ciing cho
tha'y, kha nang nay sinh bat ddng gifla vd
va
chdng ed the xay ra hlu nhfl d mpi linh
vile
trong gia dinh. Dac biet, dd'i vdi nhflng hp gia drnh ed thu nhap thap, mau thuan trong quan
ly chi tieu ed xu hfldng tang len. Ve quan he gifla cac the he, tam ly sd'ng chung vdi con cai
khi tudi gia cdn phd bien do nhflng dieu kien ve an sinh xahoi va eac dich vu
xa
hdi chfla
dap flng dfldc nhu cau eua ngfldi cao tudi cd xu hfldng
ngay
cang
tang.'®
Bo'n la, vi xu
hiidng phdn tdng
xd
hdi. Xu hiidng phan tang xahoi ve mat kinh te, ve mat van hda, giao
due
ngay cang
gia tang gifla cac nhdm xa hdi, eac vung, mien
va
gifla ndng thdn Jo thi. Vi
du, thu nhap cua cac nhdm xahoi deu tang len khoang gap ddi trong vdng 10 nam qua, tfl
227 nghin ddng nam 1996 len 636 nghin ddng
nam
2006. Xu hfldng chung la mflc thu nhap
binh quan eua nhdm giau luon cao hdn 7 - 8 lln so vdi nhdm ngheo
va
mflc chenh lech ve thu
nhap dang tang len tfl 7,3 lan
nam
1996 len 8,4 lln
nam
2006. Dieu dang chu y
la,
xua't hien
xu hfldng hinh thanh "phan
ting
xa hdi hdp thflc" va "phan tang xa hdi khdng hdp thflc" va
gan hen vdi nd la xu hfldng hinh thanh tang
Idp
xa hdi "flu trdi" va nhdm
xa
hoi "yeu
the"."
Co che kinh te
mdi (kinh te thi
trudng)va
qua
trinh cong
nghiep
hPa-
hlen
dq\
h6a
ddt
nu6c
Glal cdp
cong
nhan
Glal cdp
n6ng dan
Bien ddi co cdu
glal cap - xa hpl
6
VietNam
T(3ng I6p
tri thuc
T<3ng lop tieu
thuong,
tieu chu
T6ng I6p chu
doanh nghiep
tunhan
Mot so nhom
xd
hpl
Idm dn
phi phdp
So do 5:
Bien ddi
co cdu xd hpl giai cdp d Viet Nam
khi
chuyen sang
nen
l<inh
te
thj
trudng djnh hudng XHCN
"• Vii
Tua'n Huy.
"Nhufng
vdn de
cda
gia dinh VietNamtrong qud trinh bie'n ddi xd hoi theo xu
hUdng
c6ng nghiep hoa vd hien dgi hoa". Tap
chiXd
hoi hgc
So'2.
2006. Tr. 14 - 19.
"
Nguyen Dinh Tan. "Xu
hu&ng
biendoi phdn tdng xd hoi
d
VietNamtrong qud trinh phdt trien kinh
tethi
trUdng vd hoi nhap kinh tequdc te". Tap
chiZd
hoi hgc. So 2. 2008. Tr. 3-11.
68 Bien ddi xd hoi d VietNam qua 20 ndm ddi mdi
4.
Ket luan
Bien ddi xa hdi la chu de da dfldc phan anh tren nhieu bai viet eua Tap chi Xa
hoi hpc vdi 8 chu de lien quan bao gdm: bien ddi gia dinh; bien ddi kinh te -
xa
hoi ndi
chung; bien ddi ed ca'u xa hdi; biendoi van hda; bien ddi dan sd; bien ddi tam ly; bien
ddi nhu clu
va
bien ddi tap quan, thdi quen. Cac nghien cflu tren cac chu de nay chu
yeu la cac nghien cflu thflc nghiem d ca'p vi md. Chung cung ca'p nhflng thdng tin ve
cae xu hfldng bien ddi dang dien
ra
trong nhflng bd'i canh xahoi cu the. Ndi dung eua
eac bien ddi xahoi ma eac bai viet da de cap cung bao
ham
nhieu yeu to' tfl phat trien
xa hoi, phat trien con ngfldi den nhflng thay ddi trong cd ca'u
xa
hoi, trong he thdng
cac gia tri,
ehuIn
mflc, cac khuon
inau
hanh vi
va
nhflng dac trflng
Idi
sd'ng cua eac
nhdm xahoi khac nhau. Diem chung nhat ciia tat ea nhflng bien ddi xa hdi qua hdn
20
nam
ddi mdi dd la, deu bat ngudn tfl sfl bien ddi cd che kinh te (tfl kinh te tap
trung quan lieu bao ca'p chuyen sang nen kinh te thi trfldng dinh hfldng xahoi chu
nghia).
Cflng hdp
tac
nghien cflu, chia se tri thflc va kinh nghiem nghien cflu trong
linh vflc nay, xa hdi hpc cd the gdp phln eung ca'p eac luan ehflng khoa hpc
va
thflc
tien eho viec hoach dinh eac ehinh sach phat trien ciia qudc gia trong tfldng lai.
Tai
lieu
tham khao
1.
Chung A - Nguyin Dinh Tan (1997), Nghien cdu xd hdi hgc, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc
gia.
Ha
Noi.
2.
Pham Ta't Dong - Le Ngpc Hflng (1997), Xd hdi hgc, Nxb Dai hpc Qudc
gia.
Ha Noi.
3.
Guter Endruweit (1999), Cdc ly thuyet xd hdi hgc hien dai, Nxb The
gidi.
Ha
Noi.
4.
Guter Endruweit Gisela
Troomsdorff
(2002), Td dien xd hdi hgc, Nxb The
gidi.
Ha Ndi.
i. Tony Bilton (1993), Nhap mdn xd hdi hgc, Nxb Khoa hpc xa hoi, Ha Ndi.
. cac nhdm xa hoi deu tang len khoang gap ddi trong vdng 10 nam qua, tfl
227 nghin ddng nam 1996 len 636 nghin ddng
nam
200 6. Xu hfldng chung la mflc. chinh la mot trong nhflng chu de da, dang
va
se thu hut sfl
quan tam nghien cflu cua khoa hpc xa hoi va xa hoi hpc.
Trong xa hoi hpc d Viet Nam, nghien