DERMATOLOGY: CLINICAL & BASIC SCIENCE SERIES BIOENGINEERING OF THE SKIN potx

[...]... from the knee of a 10-year-old boy 6 El Gammal et al FIGURE 6 Silicon replica from the dorsum of the hand (base of the third finger) of a 30-year-old woman (A) Extension and (B) flexion Comparison of newborn and adult skin shows that the specific patterns described above are genetically determined and present from birth With growth of the body, the distances between the lines enlarge proportionally and their... biopsies in sodium bromide, the primary lines remain visible on the surface of the papillary dermis They separate groups of about 20 to 50 dermal papillae (1,28) After injuries that destroy the dermal papillae and lead to scar formation, the glyphic pattern of the surface is no longer present FIGURE 7 Silicon replica from the dorsum of the hand (base of the third finger) of a threemonth-old child (A)... Glyphic patterns are peculiar to the human surface What purpose do they serve? Several hypotheses have been offered To us, the most likely seems the theory of Schellander and Headington that ‘ the creases and indentations found in the resting skin act as prefolds which determine the exact points of flexion and extension when the stratum corneum is deformed’’ (23) In short, they are pleats that allow deformations... Understanding the Interaction of Light with Aging Skin 424 Changes in the Expression and Presentation of Melanin, Hemoglobin, Collagen, and in Surface Topography with Age 425 The Effect of Chromophore and Topography Changes in Aging Skin Upon Perception of Age, Health, and Beauty 428 The Core Principle of Effective Digital Imaging— Reproducibility 429 The Practical Use of Imaging of Aging Skin. .. visualization of surfaces Because we cannot look inside, we define objects through their interfaces This, of course, holds true for human skin The interface, which meets our eyes, is the stratum corneum, the dead outer layer of the epidermis, composed of flattened horny cells, which are constantly being shed Still, the physical state of the stratum corneum often reflects changes that have occurred below in the. .. Imaging Approaches 221 Nikiforos Kollias Introduction 221 The Interaction of Light with the Skin 222 Macroimaging of the Skin 228 Integrated Imaging: Mode—Wavelength 229 Polarized Light Imaging of Skin 231 Fluorescence Imaging of the Skin with Excitation in the Ultraviolet-A Radiation or the Blue 238 Wavelength Integration 244 Suggested Reading 246 17... stripping with staining reveals the shape, the overlapping edges, and the nuclear remnants of these cells (Fig 2) Viewing the specimens by phase-contrast microscopy gives an idea of their inner contents, namely the fibrous cytoskeleton When the surface is smooth, monolayers of corneocytes come off by stripping In scaling conditions, thick clusters of corneocytes stick to the tape In hyperkeratotic inflammation... lines (1,23) The latter form diagonals with the primary lines, dividing the surface into triangles, rhomboids, and trapezoids As mentioned above, the tertiary lines Anatomy of the Skin Surface 5 define the boundaries of corneocytes Quaternary lines are the surface markings on individual corneocytes The geometry of the glyphics varies considerably according to region and is influenced by age and skin diseases... depth markedly increases under the influence of mechanical forces (Figs 6A and B, 7A and B) The network of glyphic lines considerably increases the surface of the skin It remains doubtful, however, whether this has any biological function, as respiration through the skin is negligible in man Finally, the lines might play a role in draining sweat or sebum, which easily spread in these channels It is interesting... from the volar forearm in healthy skin, obtained by tape stripping, stained with rhodamine B/methylene blue, 400Â Anatomy of the Skin Surface 3 FIGURE 3 Cyanoacrylate surface biopsy: scanning electron microscopy of the undersurface of corneocytes from dry, scaly skin, 200Â cells are often present Scanning electron microscopy is another powerful way to study the corneocyte surface (6,7) In Figure 3, the . the scope of this book from the skin surface to the entire skin. This is also reflected in the change of the volume title, Bioengineering of the Skin: Skin. alt="" DERMATOLOGY: CLINICAL & BASIC SCIENCE SERIES BIOENGINEERING OF THE SKIN DK3817_C000a.indd 1 08/22/2006 1:47:27 PM DERMATOLOGY CLINICAL & BASIC