Lý thuyết và bài tập áp dụng về câu điều kiện

Lý thuyết tập áp dụng câu điều kiện Lý Thuyết Các loại câu điều kiện: Type Forms Usage If + S + V(s,es), S+ V(s,es)/câu mệnh lệnh If + S + V(s,es), S + Will/Can/shall…… + Vo Đk xảy hiẹn ỏ tương lai If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should…+ Vo Đk khơng có thật If + S + Had + V3/Ved, S + would/ could… + have + V3/Ved Đk thật khứ Đk kết hợ p If + S + had + V3/Ved, S + would + Vo Câu điều kiện loại I Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại  Câu điều kiện loại I cịn gọi câu điều kiện có thực  Điều kiện xảy tương lai Cấu trúc – Công thức If + S + V (hiện tại), S + will + V (nguyên mẫu) IF + Chủ ngữ + Động từ chia đơn + Bổ ngữ, Chủ ngữ + WILL + Động từ nguyên mẫu + Bổ ngữ (nếu có) Nói cách khác, câu điều kiện loại 1, mệnh đề IF dùng đơn, mệnh đề dùng tương lai đơn  Chủ ngữ chủ ngữ trùng Bổ ngữ khơng có, tùy ý nghĩa câu Mệnh đề IF mệnh đề đứng trước hay sau  Trong câu điều kiện loại I, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia đơn, cịn động từ mệnh đề chia tương lai đơn Ví dụ: If you come into my garden, my dog will bite you (Nếu anh vào vườn tơi, chó tơi cắn anh đó.) If it is sunny, I will go fishing (Nếu trời nắng tốt, câu cá.) Cách dùng câu điều kiện loại 1: Câu điều kiện loại gọi câu điều kiện có thật Ta sử dụng câu điều kiện loại để đặt điều kiện thực nêu kết xảy Câu điều kiện loại II Khái niệm câu điều kiện loại 2:  Câu điều kiện loại II gọi câu điều kiện khơng có thực  Điều kiện khơng thể xảy tương lai, điều kiện giả thiết, ước muốn trái ngược với thực trạng Cấu trúc câu điều kiện loại If + S + V (quá khứ), S + would + V (nguyên mẫu) – Trong câu điều kiện loại II, động từ mệnh đề điều kiện chia bang thái cách (past subjunctive), động từ mệnh đề chia điều kiện (simple conditional) Chú ý: Bàng thái cách (Past subjunctive) hình thức chia động từ giống hệt khư đơn, riêng động từ “to be” dùng “were” cho tất ngơi Ví dụ:  If I were a bird, I would be very happy (Nếu chim, hạnh phúc.)  Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved  If he had trained hard, he would have won the match => Had he trained hard, he would have won the match If not = Unless – Unless thường dùng câu điều kiện – lúc Unless = If not Ví dụ:  Unless we start at once, we will be late  If we don’t start at once we will be late  Unless you study hard, you won’t pass the exams  If you don’t study hard, you won’t pass the exams 2 Bài Tập ( có đáp án ) Bài tập 1: Cho dạng động từ ngoặc If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _plenty of time If you (find) _ a skeleton in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) _ the animals If you pass your examination, we (have) _a celebration Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _ for it in the fridge What (happen) _if I press this button? The door will be unlocked if you (press) _ the green button I should have voted for her if I (have) _ a vote then If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _? 10 If you (swim) _ in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold 11 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which you (choose) _? 12 The flight may be cancelled if the fog (get) _thick 13 If the milkman (come) _, tell him to leave two pints 14 I (call) _ the office if I were you 15 Someone (sit) _on your glasses if you leave them there 16 You would hear my explanation if you (not talk) _so much 17 What I (do) _if I hear the burglar alarm? 18 If you (read) _the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question 19 If Mel (ask) _ her teacher, he’d have answered her questions 20 I would repair the roof myself if I (have) _a long ladder 21 Unless they turn that radio off, I (go) _mad 22 If you were made redundant, what you (do) _? 23 We’ll have a long way to walk if we (run) _out of petrol here 24 If you shake that bottle of port, it (not be) _ fit to drink 25 If you spoke louder, your classmates (understand) _ you 26 I’ll probably get lost unless he (come) _with me 27 You (not have) _ so many accidents if you drove more slowly 28 If you (wear) _ a false beard, nobody would have recognized you 29 If she (leave) _ the fish here, the cat will eat it 30 You (have) _ no trouble at school if you had done your homework 31 Unless you (tell) the truth, I won’t help you 32 You’ll get pneumonia if you (not change) _ your wet clothes 33 If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I (not buy) _ it 34 If they (hang) _ that picture lower, people would be able to see it 35 She (be) _able to walk faster if she didn’t have such high-heel shoes 36 I (bring) _ you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty 37 If you had touched that electric cable, you (be) _ electrocuted 38 If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper (not print) _ it 39 I (not buy) _ things on the installment system if I were you 40 Dan (arrive) _ safe if he drove slowly Bài 2: Chọn đáp án để điền vào chỗ trống If I the same problem you had as a child, I might not have succeeded in life as well as you have a have B would have C had had D should have I you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital a would have visited B visited C had visited D visit more help, I would call my neighbor a needed B should I need C I have needed D I should need then what I know yesterday, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years a had I known B did I know C If I know would know Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people the same language? D If I a spoke B speak C had spoken D will speak If you can give me one good reason for your acting like this, this incident again a I will never mention B I never mention c will I never mention D I don’t mention If I had known you were asleep, I so much noise when I came in a didn’t make c won’t make B wouldn’t have made D don’t make Unless you all of my questions, I can’t anything to help you a answered B answer C would answer D are answering Had you told me that this was going to happen, I it a would have never believed c hadn’t believed B don’t believe D can’t believe 10 If Jake to go on the trip, would you have gone? a doesn’t agree B didn’t agree wouldn’t agree 11 J: “John went to the hospital alone”, C hadn’t agreed D K: “If ,I would have gone with him” a had he told me B he had told me C he has told me D he would tell me 12 If you , I would have brought my friends over to your house yesterday to watch T.V, but I didn’t want to bother you a had studied B-studied C hadn’t studied D didn’t study 13 Peter: “Did you need help with your Math last night?” Mary: “If I had needed, I you” a would call B called C would have called D will call 14 If someone in to the store, smile and say, “May I help you?” a comes B came C come D should come 15 “Here’s my phone number” “Thanks I‘ll give you a call if I some help tomorrow” a will need B need C would need D needed 16 If I didn’t work for an accounting firm, I in a bank now a work B will work C have worked D would work 17 The death rate would decrease if hygienic conditions improved a was B is C were D had been 18-The education in Japan if the basic principles of education had not been taken into consideration a would go down B would have gone down c went down D had gone down 19 If there , the rice fields could have been more productive a had been enough water B were enough water c would be enough water D are enough water 20 The patient will not recover unless he an operation a had undergone B would undergo C undergoes D was undergoing 21 If she him, she would be very happy a would meet B will meet C met D should meet 22-If he a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post a had had B had C has D has had 23 If I had enough money, I abroad to improve my English a will go B would go C went D should have go to 24.The bench would collapse if they on it a stood B stand C standing D stands 25-If it convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight, a be B is C was D were ĐÁP ÁN: Exercise 1: STT ĐÁP ÁN STT ĐÁP ÁN will have 21 will go find 22 would you had fed 23 run will 24 won’t be looked 25 would have understand will happen 26 comes press 27 wouldn’t have had had 28 had worn will you stay 29 leaves 10 swim 30 would have had 11 would you choose 31 Tell 12 gets 32 don’t change 13 comes 33 wouldn’t have bought 14 would call 34 15 will sit 35 would be 16 don’t talk 36 would have brought 17 will you 37 would have been 18 had read 38 wouldn’t have printed 19 had asked 39 wouldn’t buy 20 had 40 would drive Exercise 2: STT ĐÁP ÁN STT ĐÁP ÁN C 14 A A 15 B B 16 D A 17 C A 18 B A 19 A B 20 C B 21 C A 22 A 10 C 23 B 11 B 24 A 12 C 25 B 13 C