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TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ BỘ MÔN ANH VĂN KHÔNG CHUYÊN GIÁO TRÌNH SPEAKING LEVEL 3 LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ Đà Nẵng, năm 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS LESSON 1 Cohesion and Structuring a Response in Picture Description 3 LESSON 2 Expressions to Add information or Expand your Response In Part 3 Of Toeic Speaking 8 LESSON 3 Tips to Improve Your Response and Real Practice for Part 4 in Toeic Speaking 12 LESSON 4 Introduction to Part 5 – Propose a Solution and Types of Voicemail Me.
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC DUY TÂN KHOA NGOẠI NGỮ BỘ MÔN: ANH VĂN KHƠNG CHUN GIÁO TRÌNH SPEAKING LEVEL LƯU HÀNH NỘI BỘ Đà Nẵng, năm 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS LESSON 1: Cohesion and Structuring a Response in Picture Description……………………………….3 LESSON 2: Expressions to Add information or Expand your Response In Part Of Toeic Speaking… LESSON 3: Tips to Improve Your Response and Real Practice for Part in Toeic Speaking……………12 LESSON 4: Introduction to Part – Propose a Solution- and Types of Voicemail Message…………… 16 LESSON 5: Common Expressions in Different Types of Message……………………………………….20 LESSON 6: Basic Practice for Part in Toeic Speaking…………………………………………………24 LESSON 7: Explaining Reasons and Responding to Difficult Requests………………………………….26 LESSON 8: Further Practice for Toeic Part 5………………………… …………………………………29 LESSON 9: Introduction to Part – Express An Opinion- and Types of Topics ……………………… 33 LESSON 10: Common Ways to Express Opinions …………………………………………………… 37 LESSON 11: Practice expressing opinions with an Answer Template and Comparison Forms ……… 41 LESSON 12: Tips to improve your opinion expressions for Part ……………………………… …… 46 LESSON 13: Tips to improve your opinion expressions for Part (Cont’d)…………………………… 48 LESSON 14: Basic Practice for Part 6………………………………………………………………… 50 LESSON COHESION AND STRUCTURING A RESPONSE IN PICTURE DESCRIPTION I Language Focus In part of Toeic speaking Test you will describe a picture in as much detail as you can You will then have 30 seconds to prepare your response Then you will have 45 seconds to speak about the picture In order to give the best description for each picture, you should pay attention to the following instruction: First, describe what the person or people are doing or the condition of the main thing in the image Then describe how the action is taking place, where the person or thing is, and the focus of the action or attention Remember to use adjectives to describe the nouns and adverbs to describe the verbs when possible You can follow a temple like this to help you organize your response - Refer to the photo - Say who is in the photo - Say where the person or people are - Say what the person or people are doing Language Focus You must always keep your response coherent and easy to understand by using suitable transitions and conjunctions Sequential Transitions: These transitions are used to signal a chronological or logical sequence Numerical: in the (first, second, etc.) place, initially, to begin with, at first, for a start, secondly, to start with, first of all thirdly, (&c.) Continuation: subsequently, previously, eventually, next, before (this), afterwards, after (this), then Adversative Transitions: These transitions are used to signal conflict, contradiction concession, dismissal, &c Conflict: but, by way of contrast, (final position), in contrast, while, on the other hand, however, (and) yet, whereas, though when in fact, conversely, still Concession: but even so, nevertheless, even though, admittedly, however, nonetheless, despite (this), although, in spite of (this), regardless (of this), (and) yet, though Language Focus Remember to keep your response relevant and to focus on main ideas Don't get lost in small details or talk about insignificant things in the image However, if you are not sure, you should make guesses by using adverbs or adjectives to express certainty or uncertainty You can also use of modals of certainty Look at the chart for examples Expressing Certainty/ Uncertainty with Adjectives and Adverbs Uncertain Somewhat sure Very sure I'm not positive Possibly It's certain (that) It's not likely (that) Probably It's likely (that) I'm not sure but Perhaps Surely I'm doubtful about Maybe Undoubtedly Might be Most likely Definitely Could be May be Must be Should be II Practice Task 1:Look at the photo then number the sentences from 1-6 to put them in the correct order So, finally, I'd say that they might be colleagues at the same company The young woman is on the left, and she's wearing a blouse and black pants She's holding a document The man and the woman are standing in a mail room or a copy room, in front of a photocopy machine and near some mailboxes And it looks like they have just made copies, which they're looking over Next to the woman is a young man wearing a white shirt and casual slacks Well, there are two people in the picture, a man and a woman Task 2: Make these sentences less certain by adding adverbs or changing the underlined words There is more than one possible answer for each sentence I think that the woman is the man's boss I'm sure the man is waiting for a document The woman must be the children's mother It's likely that the man is there to repair the computer The man and the woman are definitely running in a race Undoubtedly, the man is a new employee at the company Task 3: Describe the following photos P5 P7 P6 P8 P9 In picture 9, I can see women They are very beautiful They are sitting and talking together The woman in the middle with black hair is having a good time She wears a black jacket and pants She is holding a cup in her hand The girl on the right of the picture has long brown hair She is wearing a black dress and is holding a cup on the table and the woman on the left of the picture has long brown hair she is wearing a blue jacket and pants The background behind them could be a restaurant In the end, I think they are friends and hang out together on weekends P10 P11 P12 P13 P14 LESSON EXPRESSIONS TO ADD INFORMATION OR EXPAND YOUR RESONSE IN PART OF TOEIC SPEAKING I Language Focus In part of the TOEIC speaking test, you will answer three questions For each question, begin responding immediately after the question has finished No preparation time is provided You will have 15 seconds to respond to Questions and and 30 seconds to respond to Question You must answer your questions completely and always keep your response relevant You should stay focused on the topic, but give as many details as you can Going off topic can negatively affect your score If you don't answer all parts of the question, you will lose points on your score as well When answering the questions, you can use expressions like these to add information or expand on your answer Common Expressions For Adding Information Or Expanding On Your Answer Also, ./ ., too Another thing is In addition, Finally, Plus, Moreover, Beside, as well II Practice Task 1: Read each question and write numbers to put the sentences into the best order for a response Question 4: What's your Question 5: How often Question 6: What you favorite restaurant? Why? you eat at this restaurant? think about the service at this restaurant, and how I think they have the best That's because it has could it be improved? If they want to maintain the canoli in town become very popular restaurant's popularity, they I would have to say my I usually eat at this should make those changes favorite restaurant is Piccolo restaurant once a week But sometimes the service is restaurant so now I go only if I can get slow because the restaurant is Another thing is that the a reservation so crowded food is really delicious I would go more often, but One thing I think they could I like it because I enjoy the it's difficult to get a table to improve the restaurant is relaxing atmosphere to hire more servers Most of the time, I think the service there is excellent Another suggestion is that the servers could bring more bread while you wait for your meal Task 2: Read each question and circle the response that is NOT connected to the topic What's your favorite type of literature? a I like historical novels b My favorite type of literature is fiction c I would have to say that biographies are my favorite type of literature d I like to read sports statistics in the newspaper What kind of dessert you like best? a My favorite kind of dessert is chocolate ice cream b I think that vanilla cake with chocolate frosting is my all-time favorite dessert c I like to eat potato chips for a snack right after dinner d The kind of dessert I like best is apple pie It is really delicious with ice cream on top What is your favorite season? Why? a My birthday is my favorite day because I love to have a big party b I would have to say that fall is my favorite season because I enjoy the colors of the leaves c My favorite time of year is winter because I enjoy winter sports, like skiing and ice-skating d I like summertime the best of all I love to be near the ocean and spend my day on the beach TASK 3: QUESTIONS & RESPONSES What is your hobby? How long have you had a hobby? Why people have hobbies? Why did you start your hobby? Can you make money from doing your hobby? How many hours a week you spend on your hobby? Is your hobby safe or dangerous? What is a hobby? Why people need hobbies? 10 What can one as a hobby? 11 How much time can one spend on his/her hobby? 12 What is your hobby? 13 Does your hobby interfere with your work/study/personal life? 14 Do you spend money on your hobby? 15 Does your hobby influence your choice of friends? 16 Can a hobby save a child from bad peer influence? 17 Can a hobby be dangerous? 10 1.2 General Point of View We use these words and phrases to express a point of view that is generally thought by people: It is thought that Some people say that It is considered It is generally accepted that 1.3 Agreeing with an opinion We use these words and phrases to agree with someone else's point of view: Of course You're absolutely right Yes, I agree I think so too That's a good point Exactly I don't think so either So I I'd go along with that That's true Neither I I agree with you entirely That's just what I was thinking I couldn't agree more 1.4 Disagreeing with an opinion We use these words and phrases to disagree with someone else's point of view: That's different I don't agree with you However… That's not entirely true On the contrary… 39 I'm sorry to disagree with you, but… Yes, but don't you think… That's not the same thing at all I'm afraid I have to disagree I'm not so sure about that I must take issue with you on that It's unjustifiable to say that II Practice TASK 1: Directions: In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic Be sure to Say as much as you can in the time allowed You will have 15 seconds to prepare Then you will have 60 seconds to speak There is a lot of talk about how humans affect the climate Many argue that we must all change our habits But others think that individuals can’t have a significant impact on the climate What is your opinion on and why? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer (60 seconds) Rate your response based on the criteria in the chart below If you have a study partner who can listen to your response, ask him or her to help rate your response as well Criteria Comments Pronunciation, Intonation & Flow Grammar & Vocabulary Details, Examples How to improve & Relevance The teacher will show you a sample of a poor response and a good one How are they different from yours? How are they similar? 40 TASK Directions: In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed You will have 15 seconds to prepare Then you will have 60 seconds to speak Every year, there is a new diet that tells us to change our eating habits completely First, we weren’t supposed to eat fat But then we were supposed to eat as much fat as we wanted, as long as we also ate a lot of protein What you think of conflicting dietary advice? How much should people listen to it? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer (60 seconds) LESSON 11 PRACTICE EXPRESSING OPINIONS WITH AN ANSWER TEMPLATE AND COMPARISON FORMS I Language Focus Language Focus 1: Using a template answer As you learned in Chapter 5, an answer template is best used as a backup plan in case you don’t 41 understand the prompt or feel for some other reasons that you are not going to be able to give a reasonable answer Remember that in this section of the test, you are asked to express your opinion - the test scorers have no idea what your opinion is, so you are free to tailor your answer around what you can and cannot comfortably express in English Even so, it never hurts to have a backup plan Here is a template that wall work for most questions on this section of the test: You may encounter some questions that require you to modify the template Not all questions will present a problem, for example, so you may need to cut off the last sentence or rephrase the topic as a problem Using the template will also require that you take notes Your notes for Exercise of this chapter would look like this: Topic Side A Side B Side you agree with Example of side you agree with Using the template and the notes to respond to Exercise of this chapter, you would answer: Memorize the answer template, and then use it to answer the prompts in the following exercises 1.1 Practice TASK Directions: In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed You will have 15 seconds to prepare Then you will have 60 seconds to speak 42 11 Public schools are under a lot of pressure to make sure the slowest students get special help But some people complain that, as a result, teachers aren’t doing enough to challenge good students Which viewpoint you agree with? Give specific reasons and examples to support your answer (60 seconds) Rate your response based on the criteria in the chart below If you have a study partner who can listen to your response, ask him or her to help rate your response as well Criteria Comments Pronunciation, Intonation & Flow Grammar & Vocabulary Details, Examples How to improve & Relevance The teacher will show you a sample of a poor response and a good one How are they different from yours? How are they similar? Language Focus 2: Comparison Forms In this section of the test, you are essentially being asked to use your opinions to justify ranking a set of things-which are more important or more interesting Therefore, you need to know more about comparison forms so as to you them quickly and comfortably during the test COMPARISON FORMS EQUALITY Comparing with as….as… ….(not) as + adj … as… The sales were as high as we projected She is not as intelligent as we expected … (not) as + adv … as… The turnover this year has increased as much as last year She didn’t come as early as we thought 43 COMPARATIVES Form • Short Adj: S1 + V + adv/adj + er + than + S2 • Long Adj: S1 + V + more + adv/adj + er + than + S2 Ex • Mary is taller than Max • This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning PRACTICE: Compare each pair of pictures below: SUPERLATIVES Form • Short Adj: S + V + the + adv/adj + est • Long Adj : S + V + the most + adv/adj 44 EX • Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard • My dog is the biggest of all the dogs in the neighborhood Large larger the largest Now, let’s try a practice exercise Express your opinion about the things below by using a comparative form of the adjective indicated Sample answers are on p 64, Answer Key Book Example: • big dogs/small dogs: cute green tomatoes/red tomatoes: ripe -> I think big dogs are cuter than small dogs -> short hair/long hair: practical -> curtains/blinds: attractive -> the bus/the subway: convenient Koreans/Americans: friendly -> -> 2.2 Practice Now use at least comparative forms as you express your opinion in the following exercise Directions: In this part of the test, you will give your opinion about a specific topic Be sure to say as much as you can in the time allowed You will have 15 seconds to prepare Then you will have 60 seconds to speak 11 Modern life demands that we work a lot Working hard is the only way to achieve success But our work schedules don’t leave much time for family and personal growth How important is that time? What is the price society pays for cutting it out? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer 60 seconds) 45 LESSON 12 TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR OPINION EXPRESSIONS FOR PART I Language Focus Structuring your response correctly is important to be sure your answer is well organized and easily understood It will also help ensure you address all points in the prompt Language Focus Start by giving a basic statement of your opinion and introducing your supporting statements You can start your answer by restating the question and then adding your opinion You will often be able to use the same verb and many of the same words that are in the prompt This helps make a strong opening statement and shows that you understand what the question is asking Language Focus 2: Follow up with the statement to introduce your main points When possible, you should follow your statement of opinion with a sentence that introduces the main points to support your opinion This helps organize your response and give you time to think Use expressions like the ones in the chart to introduce what you will be talking about 46 II Practice TASK Change the questions into statements giving your opinion Your boss has said that all employees must attend a three-day company trip every year How would you feel about this? ………………………………………………………………………………………… If you were planning a vacation, would you prefer to go to the beach or to the mountains? ………………………………………………………………………………………… Your company offers you the option to receive a raise in exchange for getting fewer vacation days Which would you prefer, getting a pay raise or keeping your vacation days? ………………………………………………………………………………………… Some people think that young people should not be able to drive until they are 21 What you think? ………………………………………………………………………………………… TASK Write statements introducing support to go with your statements of opinionin the Task Use the expressions like those in the chart above 1………………………………………………………………………………………… 2………………………………………………………………………………………… 3………………………………………………………………………………………… 4………………………………………………………………………………………… 47 LESSON 13 TIPS TO IMPROVE YOUR OPINION EXPRESSIONS FOR PART (Cont’d) I Language Focus Language Focus 3: Support your opinion with three key points with additional details In order to score well on Question 11, you must include support for your opinion You can this by giving key points that offer reasons for an opinion or arguments for or against a viewpoint This chart gives some basic phrases for introducing key points Language Focus 4: Close with a restatement of opinion If you have time left after giving your supporting information, bring your response to a conclusion Restate your original opinion and recap the main key points Use phrases like those in the chart II Practice TASK 1: Write three key points to support your own opinions for the questions In my opinion, taking time to relax is the key to being productive Key point 1:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 2:……………………………………………………………………… 48 Key point 3:……………………………………………………………………… I guess I prefer to go shop online rather than shop in the store Key point 1:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 2:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 3:……………………………………………………………………… I strongly disagree with the statement, “People should get a pay raise every year, even if they don’t perform well.” Key point 1:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 2:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 3:……………………………………………………………………… I guess I prefer to work at home Key point 1:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 2:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 3:……………………………………………………………………… In my opinion, all young people should be able to attend college for free Key point 1:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 2:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 3:……………………………………………………………………… I would not be in favor of the planned tax issue Key point 1:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 2:……………………………………………………………………… Key point 3:……………………………………………………………………… TASK 2: Write concluding statements for these opinions ………………………………………………………… I think that electric cars will not solve the word’s population problems …………………………………………………………… I agree that if you work hard, you will be successful …………………………………………………………… I would rather work for a small company 49 LESSON 14: BASIC PRACTICE FOR PART TASK 1: Read the sample question Then answer the questions that follow to help prepare for your response Question: Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “Young people should not be allowed to drive cars until they are twenty-one years old.”Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer TASK 2: The sample response below is not in the correct order Write numbers to order the sentences from 1-9 50 TASK 3: Now think about your response Then read the statements below How well did your response meet the scoring criteria? Check YES or NO Keep practicing until all of your answers are YES 51