THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE) 1 Cách sử dụng thì hiện tại đơn Diễn tả một hành động, sự việc mang tính chất thường xuyên lặp đi lặp lại VD Jane plays tennis every Sunday (Jane chơi tennis tất cả Chủ nhật) I always go to school at 6 30 am (Tôi luôn đi học lúc 6 30 sáng) Diễn tả những trạng thái ở hiện tại VD She is student at Quang Trung high school (Cô ấy đang là học sinh trường Quang Trung) Diễn tả một sự thật hiển nhiên hay một chân lý VD The sun rises in the East and sets in the.
THÌ HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN (THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE) Cách • sử dụng đơn Diễn tả hành động, việc mang tính chất thường xuyên lặp lặp lại VD: Jane plays tennis every Sunday (Jane chơi tennis tất Chủ nhật) I always go to school at 6.30 am (Tôi học lúc 6.30 sáng) • Diễn tả trạng thái VD: She is student at Quang Trung high school (Cô học sinh trường Quang Trung) • Diễn tả thật hiển nhiên hay chân lý VD: The sun rises in the East and sets in the West (Mặt trời mọc phía Đơng lặn phía Tây) Dấu hiệu nhận biết đơn Để nhận biết đơn, bạn nên ý đến số trạng từ tần suất: • Always (ln ln) • Usually (thường xun) • Often/ Frequently/ Regularly (thường xuyên) • Sometimes (thỉnh thoảng) • Seldom/ Rarely/ Hardly (hiếm khi) • Never (khơng bao giờ) Một số cụm từ xuất câu sử dụng đơn: • Every + khoảng thời gian (every month,) • Once/ twice/ three times/ four times + khoảng thời gian (once a week ) In + buổi ngày (in the morning…) • Cơng thức đơn 3.1 Câu khẳng định Động từ “to be” S + am/ is/ are+ N/ Adj – I + am Côn – He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ g Danh từ không đếm + thức is – You/ We/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + are Động từ thường S + V(s/es) + O – I/ We/ You/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + V (nguyên thể) – He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ khơng đếm + V(s/es) Ví – He is a lawyer (Ông – I often go to school by bus dụ luật sư) (Tôi đến trường – The watch is expensive xe buýt) (Chiếc đồng hồ đắt tiền) – He usually gets up early – They are students (Họ (Anh thường xuyên dạy sinh viên) sớm) – She does homework every evening (Cô làm nhà tối) – The Sun sets in the West (Mặt trời lặn hướng Tây) 3.2 Câu phủ định Động từ “to be” Động từ hành động S + do/ does + not + V (nguyên thể) (Trong đó: “do”, “does” Côn g thức S + am/are/is + not +N/ Adj trợ động từ) _ He/ She/ It/ Danh từ số ít/ Danh từ khơng đếm + does _ I/ You/ We/ They/ Danh từ số nhiều + Viết is not = isn’t tắt are not = aren’t not = don’t does not = doesn’t – I am not a teacher (Tôi – I not (don’t) often go to giáo school viên.) by bus (Tôi không thường xuyên đến trường – He is not (isn’t) a lawyer xe buýt) Ví (Ơng khơng phải – He dụ luật sư) does not (doesn’t) usually get up early (Anh – The watch is not (isn’t) không thường xuyên dạy sớm) expensive (Chiếc đồng hồ – The Sun does not (doesn’t) không đắt tiền) set in the South (Mặt trời không lặn hướng Nam) Đối với câu phủ định, phần động từ thường, bạn hay mắc phải lỗi thêm “s” “es” đằng sau động từ Các bạn ý: Chủ ngữ + don’t/ doesn’t + V (ngun thể – khơng chia) Ví dụ: Câu sai: She doesn’t likes chocolate (Sai có “doesn’t” mà động từ “like” có “s”) => Câu đúng: She doesn’t like chocolate 3.3 Câu nghi vấn Câu nghi vấn sử dụng trợ động từ (Câu hỏi Yes/ No) Động từ “to be” Động từ hành động Q: Am/ Are/ Is (not) + S + Công thức N/Adj? A: – Yes, S + am/ are/ is – No, S + am not/ aren’t/ isn’t Q: Are you an engineer? (Bạn có phải Ví dụ kỹ sư khơng? A: -Yes, I am (Đúng vậy) – No, I am not (Không Q: Do/ Does (not) + S + V (nguyên thể)? A: – Yes, S + do/ does – No, S + don’t/ doesn’t Q: Does she go to work by taxi? (Cô làm taxi phải không?) A: – Yes, she does (Có) – No, she doesn’t (Không) phải) Câu nghi vấn sử dụng từ hỏi bắt đầu Wh- (What – gì, when – nào, why – sao, where - đâu, who - ai) Động từ “to be” Động từ hành động Công Wh- + am/ are/ is (not) + S + Wh- + do/ does (not) + S + V thức N/Adj? – Where are you from? (Bạn Ví dụ đến từ đâu?) – Who are they? (Họ ai?) (nguyên thể)….? – Where you come from? (Bạn đến từ đâu?) – What you do? (Bạn làm nghề gì?) Một số điều cần ý với động từ đơn Với tiếng Anh, động từ chia theo chủ ngữ tương ứng với Đối với đơn, cần lưu ý điều 4.1 Cách thêm s/es • Thêm es vào động từ kết thúc ch, sh, x, s: teach-teaches; • • mix-mixes; wash-washes… Thêm s vào trường hợp lại: want-wants; keep-keeps… Bỏ y thêm ies vào sau động từ kết thúc phụ âm + y: • lady - ladies… Một số động từ bất quy tắc: Go-goes; do-does; have-has 4.2 Cách phát âm phụ âm cuối s/es Lưu ý phát âm phụ âm cuối phải dựa vào phiên âm quốc tế mà khơng phải dựa vào cách viết • /s/: Khi từ có tận phụ âm /f/, /t/, /k/, /p/, /ð/ Ví dụ: likes /laɪks/; cakes /keɪks/; cats /kỉts/; cuffs /kʌfs/; coughs /kɒfs/; paths /pɑːθs/ • /iz/: Khi từ có tận âm /s/, /z/, /∫/, /t∫/, /ʒ/, /dʒ/ (thường có tận chữ ce, x, z, sh, ch, s, ge) Ví dụ: misses /mɪsɪz/; places /pleɪsɪz/; washes /wɒʃɪz/ • /z/: Khi từ có tận nguyên âm phụ âm cịn lại Ví dụ: cabs /kỉbz/; beds /bedz/; needs /niːdz/; bags /bæɡz/ BÀI TẬP Bài Chia động từ ngoặc đơn The flight (start) at a.m every Thursday I like Math and she (like) Literature I (bake) cookies twice a month My best friend (write) to me every week Jane My always (take care) _ of her sister family (have) a holiday in December every year Martha She and Kevin (swim) twice a week (help) the kids of the neighborhood Mike (be) humour He always (tell) us funny stories 10 Tiffany and Uma (be) my friends Bài Điền dạng động từ “to be”: My dog small She a student We ready to get a pet My life so boring I just watch TV every night My husband from California I from Viet Nam We (not/be) late Emma and Betty (be) good friends His (she/be) a singer? sister seven years old 10 Trixi and Susi my cats Bài Tìm từ để hồn thành đoạn văn sau Mary (1) a teacher She (2) English The children love her and they (3) a lot from her Mary (4) home at 3.00 and (5) lunch Then she sleeps for an hour In the afternoon she (6) swimming or she cleans her house Sometimes, she (7) her aunt and (8) tea with her Every Sunday she does the shopping with her friends Bài Tìm sửa lỗi sai What Do does they wear at their school? ( ) he go to the library every week? ( ) Windy always watch TV at p.m before going to bed at 10 p.m ( ) Sometimes, How we goes swimming together with her family ( ) does Linda carries such a heavy bag? ( ) Bài Viết lại câu hoàn chỉnh Minh/usually/not/sleep/early/at weekends You/understand the questions from your teacher? Her husband/his colleague/play/tennis/whenever/they/free My family/normally/eat/breakfast/6.30 San/not/phone/mother/Mondays Bài Điền trợ động từ dạng phủ định I like tea He play football in the afternoon You go to bed at midnight They the homework on weekends The bus arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother finish work at p.m Our friends live in a big house The cat like me BTVN Bài Chọn đáp án I _ at a bank A work B works C working She _ with her parents A live B lives C living He _ a handsome salary A earn B earns C earning Janet _ to be a singer A want B wants C wanting Arti and her husband _ in Singapore A live B lives C living Rohan and Sania _ to play card games A like B likes C liking Sophia _ English very well A speak B speaks C speaking Martin _ for a walk in the morning A go B goes C going My grandfather _ his pet dog A adore B adores C adoring 10 Plants _ water and sunlight for making their food A need B needs C needing Bài 2: Chọn đáp án I don’t stay/ doesn’t stay at home 2 We don’t wash/ doesn’t wash the family car Doris don’t do/ doesn’t her homework They don’t go/ doesn’t go to bed at 8.30 p.m Kevin don’t open/ doesn’t open his workbook Our hamster don’t eat/ doesn’t eat apples You don’t chat/ doesn’t chat with your friends She don’t use/ doesn’t use a ruler Max, Frank and Steve don’t skate/ doesn’t skate in the yard 10 The boy don’t throw/ doesn’t throw stones Bài 3: Hoàn thành câu sau: (Chuyển sang câu phủ định) She feeds the animals - She _ the animals We take photos - We _ photos Sandy does the housework every Thursday - Sandy _ the housework every Thursday The boys have two rabbits - The boys _ two rabbits Simon can read English books - Simon _ read English books He listens to the radio every evening - She _ to the radio every evening Annie is the best singer of our school - Annie _ the best singer of our school 8 The children are at home - The children _ at home The dog runs after the cat - The dog _ after the cat 10 Lessons always finish at o'clock - Lessons _ at o'clock Bài 4: Dùng "do not" "does not" để hoàn thành câu sau I _ prefer coffee She _ ride a bike to her office 3.Their friends _ live in a small house They _ the homework on weekends Mike _ play soccer in the afternoons The bus _ arrive at 8.30 a.m We _ go to bed at midnight Bài My brother 5: _ Hoàn thành finish cách work at câu p.m sau _ Jack like eating hamburgers? Yes, _ you get up early on Sundays? No, _ the students always work hard for the exam? No, _ the train leave at noon every day? Yes, _ he often play the guitar? No, _ they take a taxi to school every morning? Yes, _ Anna and Daisy visit their old teachers on winter holidays? No, _ water boil at 100 degrees Celsius? Yes, Bài 6: Hoàn thành câu sau Robin (play) _ football every Sunday We (have) _ a holiday in December every year He often (go) _ to work late The moon (circle) _ around the earth The flight (start) _ at a.m every Thursday Peter (not/ study) _ very hard He never gets high scores My mother often (teach) _ me English on Saturday evenings I like Math and she (like) _ Literature My sister (wash) _ dishes every day 10 They (not/ have) _ breakfast every morning Bài 7: Chia động từ ngoặc: My father always Sunday dinner (make) Linda eggs; they her ill (not eat; make) "Have you got a light, by any chance?" "Sorry, I (smoke) Mark to school every day? (go) your parents your girlfriend? (like) How often you swimming? (go) Ann usually lunch (not have) We out once a week (go) Bài 8: Hồn thành câu sau Có thể chọn khẳng định phủ định My friend is finding life in Paris a bit difficult He _ (speak) French Most students live quite close to the college, so they _ (walk) there every day How often _ you _ (look) in a mirror? I've got four cats and two dogs I _ (love) animals 5 No breakfast for Mark, thanks He _ (eat) breakfast What's the matter? You _ (look) very happy Don't try to ring the bell It _ (work) I hate telephone answering machines I just _ (like) talking to them Matthew is good at badminton He _ (win) every game 10 We always travel by bus We _ (own) a car Bài 9: tập trắc nghiệm đơn có đáp án Police catch/ catches robbers My dad is a driver He always wear/ wears a white coat They never drink/ drinks beer Lucy go/ goes shopping seven times a month She have/ has a pen Mary and Marcus eat/ eats out everyday Mark usually watch/ watches TV before going to bed Maria is a teacher She teach/ teaches students Bài 10: Chia động từ đơn I usually _ go) to school They _ (visit) us often You _ (play) basketball once a week 4 Tom _ (work) every day He always _ (tell) us funny stories She never _ (help) me with that! Martha and Kevin _ (swim) twice a week In this club people usually _ (dance) a lot Linda _ (take care) of her sister 10 John rarely _ (leave) the country 11 We _ (live) in the city most of the year 12 Lorie _ (travel) to Paris every Sunday 13 I _ (bake) cookies twice a month 14 You always _ (teach) me new things 15 She _ (help) the kids of the neighborhood 16 We _ (fly) to Spain every summer 17 Where _ your children? 18 She (not study) _ on Friday 19 Where _ your father _ (work)? Bài 11: Cho dạng động từ câu sau My mom always _ delicious meals (make) Charlie _ eggs (not eat) Susie _ shopping every week (go) _ Minh and Hoa _ to work by bus every day? (go) _ your parents _ with your decision? (agree) Where _ he from? (come) Where _ your father _ (work) Jimmy _ usually _ the trees (not water) Who _ the washing in your house? (do) 10 They _ out once a month (eat) Bài 12: Cho dạng từ ngoặc để tạo thành câu có nghĩa It (be) _ a fact that smart phone (help) _ us a lot in our life I often (travel) _ to some of my favorite destinations every summer Our Math lesson usually (finish) _ at 4.00 p.m The reason why Susan (not eat) _ meat is that she (be)a vegetarian People in Ho Chi Minh City (be) _ very friendly and they (smile)a lot The flight (start) _ at a.m every Thursday Peter (not study) _ very hard He never gets high scores 8 I like oranges and she (like) _ apples My mom and my sister (cook) _ lunch everyday 10 They (have) _ breakfast together every morning ... football in the afternoon You go to bed at midnight They the homework on weekends The bus arrive at 8.30 a.m My brother finish work at p.m Our friends live in a big house The cat... listens to the radio every evening - She _ to the radio every evening Annie is the best singer of our school - Annie _ the best singer of our school 8 The children are at home - The children... _ ride a bike to her office 3.Their friends _ live in a small house They _ the homework on weekends Mike _ play soccer in the afternoons The bus _ arrive at 8.30