SCHOOL OF Western Sydney ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET STUDENT DETAILS Student name: NGuyễn Duy Nhân Student ID number: 21000870 UNIT AND TUTORIAL DETAILS Unit name: AEn-T321WSB-7 Unit number: Tutorial group: Tutorial day and time: Lecturer or Tutor name: Gabriel Ryan ASSIGNMENT DETAILS Title: Individual essay Length: 1490 Due date: 2/1/2022 Date submitted: 30/12/2021 Home campus (where you are enrolled): DECLARATION I hold a copy of this assignment if the original is lost or damaged I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been copied from any other student’s work or from any other source except where due acknowledgement is made in the assignment I hereby certify that no part of this assignment or product has been submitted by me in another (previous or current) assessment, except where appropriately referenced, and with prior permission from the Lecturer / Tutor / Unit Coordinator for this unit No part of the assignment/product has been written/produced for me by any other person except where collaboration has been authorised by the Lecturer / Tutor /Unit Coordinator concerned I am aware that this work will be reproduced and submitted to plagiarism detection software programs for the purpose of detecting possible plagiarism (which may retain a copy on its database for future plagiarism checking) Student’s signature: Nguyễn Duy Nhân Note: An examiner or lecturer / tutor has the right to not mark this assignment if the above declaration has not been signed The world is moving, and what seemed to be a science-fiction vision is gradually becoming our actual reality With the advent of technology, everything in the world has changed in some way or another, and in the sphere of automobiles, human beings have achieved remarkable achievements The thorny issues that fossil fuel-powered vehicles face have been overcome with the development of electric vehicles Electric cars assist to minimize air and noise pollution, and their operating costs are much lower than those of traditional cars Electric automobiles are a feasible alternative to gasoline-powered vehicles because the benefits outweigh the drawbacks Every year, the amount of Co2 emitted from vehicles is 4,6 metric tons and this number is based on the vehicle’s fuel, fuel economy, and the number of miles driven per year Electric cars will not utilize fossil fuels due to their construction, which is driven by electric motors powered by electricity During normal vehicle operation, the engine burns gasoline and air to produce energy to enable the vehicle to run; this combustion cycle produces CO2, which is expelled in the bottom portion of the vehicle exhaust pipe With the number of vehicles on the road today, the average quantity of CO2 emitted from liter of gasoline is 2kg of CO2, and the impact on the environment is massive as carbon monoxide and carbon are gradually devastating the ozone layer and catching warmth in the environment which prompts a worldwide temperature alteration Emissions from electric cars may be considerably decreased using green technology, allowing people to live in a more environmentally friendly future On average, an EV produces half of a conventional vehicle’s carbon emissions over its lifetime, completely outperforming from a sustainability standpoint When compared to diesel vehicles, electric vehicles are regarded to be more environmentally friendly As all have yin and yang so electric autos Many experts believe that the introduction of electric vehicles carries with it new potential concerns, notably from their batteries If a battery is not recycled at the end of its useful life, it has the potential to leak toxins into the environment With the present advancement of electric cars, if they are not recycled and handled properly in the future, they will generate a massive quantity of garbage Furthermore, the production of batteries for electric automobiles causes several environmental problems Because the manufacture of electric automobiles necessitates the use of metal resources like copper-cobalt and neodymium will promote the development of the mining industry leading to deforestation and water pollution Many electric vehicles are made with a lightweight aluminum edge, and it requires a tremendous amount of energy to convert bauxite into a light material (Notter, Dominic A., et al 2010) However, the concerns may be overcome by recycling; instead of disposing of old batteries, the company can collect and recycle them in an environmentally friendly way Companies such as Tesla are committed to recycling batteries in an ecologically beneficial manner; they also produce new batteries that have a longer life and are more environmentally friendly In conclusion, despite the concerns, electric cars still have many functional and ecologically friendly characteristics, which may be solved by modern technology that has been and is being developed Traffic noise, as the name implies, is the noise generated by traffic vehicles, particularly old cars that have not been serviced and vehicles that have not been properly approved to be driven on the roads Because of their large engines and loads, heavy traffic vehicles contribute to noise pollution Noise pollution is the second most serious problem that crowded cities face, behind air pollution Like air pollution, noise pollution has a negative impact on human health Noise, unlike air pollution, does not collect in the environment, but it can damage individuals and can have long-term implications In addition to harming the hearing organs (producing tinnitus and hearing loss), "noise" pollution causes sleep difficulties, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, cognitive decline in youngsters, and other health problems Due to Berglund B, Lindvall T (eds.) ( 1995 ) anxiety, tension, nervousness, nausea, headache, emotional instability, argumentativeness, sexual impotence, changes in mood, increase in social conflicts, neurosis, hysteria, and psychosis are all possible side effects of noise pollution Electric cars not have exhaust pipes and have fewer transmission components than conventional vehicles, thus they not generate noise at medium speeds and give a better driving experience The journey was quite smooth Cars with the same electric performance as internal combustion engines are not inferior, but they are considerable "fairly quiet." In fact, electric automobiles still make a sound as a result of the rotating of the electric motor, but these are merely tiny sounds that are not considered noise The only noise an electric vehicle can create is noise caused by the tires or wind resistance when moving at high speeds Electric cars have a noise level of only 40db and EVs with acoustic vehicles alert systems have a noise level of 54db a, whereas standard cars have a noise level of 80db, and motorbikes and trucks have a noise level of 93db, and humans can take less than roughly 80db over the threshold of 80db can have serious consequences In a recent study, CampelloVicente et al (2017) showed that EVs equipped with an acoustic vehicle alerting system still emit lower levels of noise than conventional ICEVs (1 dB(A) less at 30 km/h, compared to EVs without alerting system: dB(A)) However, the silence is caused by trams, which is a double-edged blade that might be dangerous while engaging in traffic The lack of an internal combustion engine makes it difficult to hear electric or hybrid vehicles moving at moderate speeds on city streets and parking lots The absence of noise has created a threat for pedestrians near these cars The reason for this is that most of us are accustomed to familiar engine noises and are oblivious to our surroundings, especially people without sight Blind pedestrians are 40% more likely to be hit by a hybrid or electric vehicle (EV) than one with an internal combustion engine (ICE), according to a survey by the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association compiled by Tom Austin- Morgan (2019) However, by adding noises to electric vehicles, these issues can be addressed Electric car manufacturers are progressive including sound simulators and warning sound systems into their models Tesla's new electric vehicles have now installed warning sound systems and sound simulators to reduce accidents According to Tesla, they have up to sound emulators for customers to choose from when they order their cars In brief, technology can help to improve the quality of electric cars by resolving this issue Electric vehicles assist to minimize expenses and are less expensive than conventional vehicles since they not rely on fossil fuels and have a much simpler structure Today, the price of electricity is much cheaper than the price of gasoline taxes for electric vehicles are also less or even exempt from taxes when using electric vehicles Most zero-emissions electric cars don't pay any vehicle road tax, saving you hundreds of pounds Road tax is largely a function of CO2 emissions—the lower the emissions, the lower the road tax (Erin Yurday, 2021) Electric cars cost more to buy, but they’re more affordable to run than gas-powered cars For one thing, fuel costs are lower On average, it costs $300 to $400 per year to charge an electric vehicle, depending on when and where you charge it A typical plug-in hybrid costs about $700 per year By comparison, a gasoline car can cost you $1,000 to $2,500 a year to fill up Electric cars are also a lot cheaper to maintain and service because they have fewer moving parts and don’t need oil changes based on the Ontario Ministry of Transportation However, the initial cost of owning an electric car is high; Tesla's lowest model starts at $35,000 and does not include charges such as charging fees or monthly battery leasing With that price, many people may wonder and consider alternatives to gasoline automobiles since they are more practical Today, automobile manufacturers have introduced dozens of new policies to assist customers like Like Vinfast, they offer two options for customers when buying a car, the first is that they can buy batteries as usual, or they can rent batteries monthly at a more affordable and economical price In general, electric cars provide considerable benefits to consumers, such as increased savings and aiding in the reduction of environmental and noise pollution But, just like the yin and yang of yin and yang, electric cars have drawbacks, but in general, these drawbacks may be overcome owing to current technological advancements References: CAMPELLO-VICENTE, H.; PERAL-ORTS, R.; CAMPILLO-DAVO, N.; VELASCOSANCHEZ, E The effect of electric vehicles on urban noise maps Applied Acoustics, v 116, p 59 – 64, 2017 Yurday, E (2021, October 4) How Much Can You Save with an All-Electric Car? NimbleFins https:// www.nimblefins.co.uk/how-much-save-electric-car Charging electric vehicles (2021, August 23) Ontario Retrieved December 30, 2021, from http:// www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/vehicles/electric/charging-electric-vehicle.shtml Electric vehicles are quiet – too quiet Now a UK company has designed a system that creates noise to alert pedestrians (2019, June 3) Eureka Retrieved December 30, 2021, from https:// www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/design-engineering-features/technology/electric-vehicles-to-makesound-at-low-speed/215774/ Berglund B, Lindvall T (eds.) Community Noise Archives of the Center for Sensory Research 1995;2:1-195 This document is an updated version of the document published by the World Health Organization in 1995, (January 6, 2007) Notter, D A., Gauch, M., Widmer, R., Wäger, P., Stamp, A., Zah, R., & Althaus, H J (2010) Contribution of Li-Ion Batteries to the Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles Environmental Science & Technology, 44(17), 6550–6556 https://doi.org/10.1021/es903729a ARO 00380 08/15 ... www.eurekamagazine.co.uk/design-engineering-features/technology/electric-vehicles-to-makesound-at-low-speed/21 577 4/ Berglund B, Lindvall T (eds.) Community Noise Archives of the Center for Sensory Research 1995;2:1-195... Environmental Impact of Electric Vehicles Environmental Science & Technology, 44( 17) , 6550–6556 https://doi.org/10.1021/es90 372 9a ARO 00380 08/15 ... electric vehicle, depending on when and where you charge it A typical plug-in hybrid costs about $70 0 per year By comparison, a gasoline car can cost you $1,000 to $2,500 a year to fill up Electric