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HO CHI MINH NATIONAL ACADEMY OF POLITICS LE VAN THUAT HO CHI MINH’S THOUGHTS ABOUT THE RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE, FREEDOM OF THE NATION SUMMARY OF THE DOCTORAL THESIS MAJOR: HO CHI MINH STUDIES Code: 931 02 04 HA NOI - 2022 The work has been completed at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics Supervisors: Assoc Prof., Dr Lai Quoc Khanh Dr Dang Van Thai Reviewer 1: ………………………………… …… ………………………………………… Reviewer 2: ………………………………… …… ………………………………………… Reviewer 3: ………………………………… …… ………………………………………… The dissertation will be defended before the Thesis-Evaluation Board to be held at Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics At the time of……date……month… year 2022 The thesis can be found at the National Library and Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politics INTRODUCTION The necessity of the thesis President Ho Chi Minh was recognized by the General Assembly of UNESCO as a Hero of National Liberation, Vietnam's outstanding cultural house He sacrificed his whole life for the cause of the national liberation struggle, independence, and freedom for the Vietnamese people Based on inheriting and developing traditional national values, absorbing progressive ideas on the right to independence, and freedom of the peoples of the world, Ho Chi Minh built a system of views on the nation's right to independence and freedom, reflecting the inevitable laws of the Vietnamese revolution In the light of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts, the Communist Party of Vietnam led the Vietnamese revolution to make the historic victory of the August Revolution of 1945, ushering in a new era - an era of independence and freedom for the nation; followed by a great victory in the two resistance wars against the French colonialists and the American imperialists, firmly defending the nation's right to independence and freedom The values of Ho Chi Minh's thought are extremely valuable to the cause of gaining, keeping, and exercising the right to independence, and freedom of the nation The 11th National Congress of the Communist Party of Vietnam affirmed Ho Chi Minh's thoughts: “Is an extremely great and valuable spiritual asset of the Party and our people, forever paving the way for our people's revolutionary cause to win” Affirming the value of Ho Chi Minh's thought, General Secretary Nguyen Phu Trong wrote: “His thought, morality, and style embody the great aspirations of peoples to assert their own identity and represents the promotion of mutual understanding among peoples” However, the history of the Vietnamese people has shown that defending the country, and preserving the nation's right to independence and freedom is not the task of one period, a particular time, but a long-term task closely tied to the development process of the country This was advised by Ho Chi Minh in his talk with officials, and soldiers of the Vanguard Army at Hung Temple (September 1954): “The task of liberating, building and defending our Fatherland is still very heavy and important… The Hung Kings had the merit to build the country, Uncle and grandson must protect the country together Currently, Vietnam is carrying out the cause of building socialism with two strategic tasks national construction and defense Once again, President Ho Chi Minh's instructions are still topical for the cause of national construction and defense of the country in the face of extremely complicated developments, and the unpredictability of the world and the region In the world, the political and military security situation has changed rapidly, and major countries adjust their strategies in the direction of both cooperation and struggle Compromise and mutual restraint have strongly affected the situation of the world and regions In particular, the situation of disputes and violations of national sovereignty, territorial boundaries, and resources, riots, subversion, terrorism, arms races, climate change, poverty, and epidemics (Covid-19 pandemic), continue to take place sharply and tend to increase in many areas, creating significant influences on the cause of protecting the independence and freedom of the people nations In addition, in the situation in the Asia-Pacific region in recent years, the issue of sovereignty disputes in the East Sea between countries is very complicated and affects the interests of many countries, including Vietnam For Vietnam, after more than 35 years of implementing the doi moi process, socio-economic development has become more and more developed national defense and security are constantly being consolidated and enhanced, people's living standards are constantly being improved, and national sovereignty over borders and territories is maintained However, at present, hostile forces are always looking for ways to intrude upon border sovereignty both on land and at sea; especially they implement the strategy of peaceful evolution”, taking advantage of social networks to incite protests, riots, subversion, and anti-sabotage; forming reactionary organizations, using the guise of “democracy”, “nationalism”, “human rights”, “religion” thereby destroying and threatening our nation's right to independence and freedom The developments of the world, regional and domestic situations are posing both urgent and long-term requirements for the cause of protecting the independence and freedom of the nation The 13th Congress of the Party affirmed the leading task of the current Vietnamese way: “Resolutely and persistently struggle to protect independence, sovereignty, unification, territorial integrity and interests of the nation - nation; maintain a peaceful and stable environment for the development of the country, and at the same time make active contributions to the development of the country, responsible for peace, cooperation and development of the world and the region” Therefore, an in-depth study of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the nation's right to independence and freedom fully, and comprehensively will contribute to providing scientific arguments for the orientation and resolution of issues related to the protection of the right to independence, freedom of the Vietnamese people in the current period Starting from the urgency and significance of the above issues, Ph.D the candidate chooses the issue “Ho Chi Minh’s Thoughts about the right to independence, freedom of the nation” as the topic of his doctoral thesis specializing in Ho Chi Minh studies Research purpose and research task 2.1 Research purposes Synthesize and clarify the content and values of Ho Chi Minh's ideology on the right to independence and freedom of the nation 2.2 Research task - Clarifying the overview of research on the right to independence and freedom of the nation and Ho Chi Minh's thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom is related to the thesis topic - Clarifying the content of concepts: Rights; independence and freedom; Ho Chi Minh's thought on the right to independence, freedom of the nation; the basis for forming Ho Chi Minh's ideology on the nation's right to independence and freedom; at the same time clarifies Ho Chi Minh's approach to independence and freedom - Clarifying the basic content of Ho Chi Minh's thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom - Explain the value of Ho Chi Minh's thought on the right to independence and freedom of the nation Research subject and research scope 3.1 Research subject The content of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, freedom of the nation and the value of this ideology 3.2 Research scope - Within the scope of the thesis, the right to independence and freedom is limited to research within the rights of the nation-state - The content of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, and the freedom of the nation is generalized from all theoretical and practical values of Ho Chi Minh's revolutionary activities - Time: The whole process of formation and development of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence and freedom of the nation from 1911 in 1969 Theoretical basis, practical basis, and research methodology 4.1 Theoretical basis The thesis is made based on Marxism - Leninism, the views of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the State of Vietnam on the nation's right to independence and freedom The thesis is also carried out based on modern political theory about the rights of the nation 4.2 Research methodology Based on the methodology of dialectical materialism and historical materialism, the thesis uses a combination of specialized and interdisciplinary methods to implement the topic, namely the historical method, the logical method, the analytical method, synthesis method, comparison method, generalization-abstract method, expert interview method, etc., to carry out the research tasks of the thesis New scientific contributions of the thesis Clarifying the basis of the formation of Ho Chi Minh's ideas about the nation's right to independence and freedom; at the same time clarifies Ho Chi Minh's approach to independence and freedom The commentary deepens the contents and values of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the nation's right to independence and freedom Overview of factors affecting the cause of defending the right to independence and freedom of the nation today Contributing to orienting the cause of protecting the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese nation the current Theoretical and practical significance of the thesis 6.1 Theoretical meaning The thesis contributes to the theoretical basis and basic contents of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts about the nation's right to independence and freedom, at the same time, contributing to affirming the fundamental role and value of Ho Chi Minh's thought in general, the ideology of the nation's right to independence and freedom in particular for the cause of defending the right to independence, freedom of the Vietnamese people the current 6.2 Practical significance With the obtained results, the thesis can be used as a reference in the research, teaching, and propagation of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts; contributing to providing scientific evidence for the cause of defending the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people the current Structure of the thesis In addition to the opening, conclusion and list of references, the thesis is structured into chapters and 10 periods Chapter OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1 RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS 1.1.1 Research situation related to the right to independence and freedom of the nation in general The research on the nation's right to independence and freedom in general always attracts many researchers and scientists to participate and achieve important results Up to now, there have been several basic and systematic studies on this issue, typically the works "Socialism and the right of the nation to self-determination” V Lenin; “National resistance war - The will to defend independence and freedom and history lessons (December 19, 1946 -19 December 2016)”; book “Ideology of protecting the Fatherland from afar in the history of the Vietnamese nation"; the article “National independence - Basic interests of the country”; the book "Renovation in Vietnam with the struggle to protect national independence of developing countries after the cold war”; the article “Vietnam does not accept to exchange independence and sovereignty for anything and does not accept any form of threat or imposition"; the book “Under the glorious banner of the Party for independence, freedom for socialism to advance to gain new victories”; the article “Protecting national independence and national sovereignty in the context of globalization and international integration”; the article “Independence and self-reliance: approach from the perspective of national sovereignty”; the article “For the country's independence and freedom, for the sacred territorial integrity of the country, worthy of the people's trust and entrustment”; the article “Holding the goal of national independence and socialism”; The article “Consistency in national independence associated with socialism”, the book “Some theoretical and practical issues on socialism and the path to socialism in Vietnam” It can be affirmed that, with different approaches, the above works and articles have mentioned the independence and freedom of the nation in general in many aspects That is an important source of material for the author of the thesis to continue researching and clarifying the problems the thesis has posed 1.1.2 Research situation related to the content of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, freedom of the nation Researching on the content of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the nation's right to independence and freedom has also been studied by many scientists, typically: Vu Dinh Hoe and Bui Dinh Phong, Do Minh, Nguyen Trong Phuc, Vo Nguyen Giap, Dinh Xuan Lam, Le Mau Han, Nguyen Xuan Thang, Van Thi Thanh Mai, Pham Hong Chuong, Dinh Duc Duy, Pham Ngoc Anh, Nguyen Van Nguyen, Nguyen Hung Hau, Hoang Chi Bao, Nguyen Van Can, Mach Quang Thang, Lai Quoc Khanh, Tran Huu Tien, Pham Thi Thanh Ha, Vu Van Dai; Tran Thi Minh Tuyet, Tran Office, Hoang Anh, Vu Quang Hien; Hoang Phuc Lam,… Especially, along with the research works of domestic authors, there are also many foreign researchers and scholars, including some typical works such as Singô Sibata, Furuta Motoo, X Apphonin, E Cobeleb, William J Duiker, Nguyen Dai Trang, Geetesh Sharman,… The works and journals mentioned above, even with different approaches and research methods, but it has helped us to have a more comprehensive and multi-dimensional view of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the nation's right to independence and freedom However, no work has given a comprehensive definition of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence and freedom 1.1.3 Research situation related to Ho Chi Minh's ideological values on the right to independence, freedom of the nation Research related to Ho Chi Minh's ideological values on the right to independence and freedom of the nation has had many works and articles by researchers and scientists focusing on commentaries such as: “Time values in Ho Chi Minh's heritage”, by the collective authors Dinh Xuan Lam and Bui Dinh Phong; Book “Ho Chi Minh Thought “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom” national values and times” by Pham Ngoc Anh; Ministry of National Defense with the project “Ideology “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom” the aspirations of the Vietnamese people and the truth of the times” “Independence for the nation, freedom and happiness for the people, the motto of life and actions of President Ho Chi Minh”, author Mach Quang Thang; Nguyen Thi Huyen Trang or “Determination to maintain the independence and freedom of the nation in the Declaration of Independence -1945 and the truth “Nothing is more precious than independence, freedom” in the wars of national liberation - consistent development in Ho Chi Minh's thought” by Vu Kim Yen; The book “Ho Chi Minh Heritage in the present day”, Hoang Chi Bao with the article “Ho Chi Minh's revolutionary path: National independence associated with socialism Values and meanings of the times”; the article “Ho Chi Minh Value System Content and meaning for the cause of building and defending the Vietnamese Socialist Fatherland today”, Author Tran Thi Minh Tuyet, There are also several different authors mentioning the value of Ho Chi Minh's thought “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom”, such as Tran Viet Hoan, “Illuminating the truth There is nothing more precious than independence and freedom”, Thanh Duy with the article “The international meaning and human value of thought is nothing more precious than independence and freedom”; Dang Cong Thanh with the article "The thought “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom” - great theoretical and practical significance, profound values of the times”, Tran Van Binh, “Declaration of Independence” September 2, 1945 - Declaration of the will “Nothing is more precious than the independence and freedom” of the Vietnamese people In short, from different angles, the authors affirm Ho Chi Minh's thought in general and especially emphasized the value of his truth “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom” in particular, which is of great value to the Vietnamese revolution These are valuable references, helping to clarify more issues of the thesis that need to be researched 1.2 OVERVIEW OF RESULTS OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED TO THE THESIS AND ISSUES WHICH THESIS RESEARCH CONCENTRATION 1.2.1 Research results achieved and inherited thesis Through researching and evaluating the results of research works related to the idea of independence, freedom of the nation, and Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence and freedom of the nation, the author finds that the works mainly refer to the following issues: Firstly, several articles focus on clarifying the views of the Party and the State on the urgency to firmly protect national independence in the context of globalization and international integration Secondly, affirming the position, role, and importance of Ho Chi Minh's thought on the right to independence, and national freedom for the Vietnamese revolution However, there has not been any work that has defined Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, totally free 11 not accept any interference from outside countries; the right to independence and freedom in international relations based on respect for international laws and principles 2.2 THE BASIS FOR FORMING HO CHI MINH’S THOUGHT ON THE NATION’S RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM 2.2.1 Theoretical basis 2.2.1.1 Cultural traditions of the homeland and the nation in the struggle to protect the right to independence, freedom of the nation - Patriotism and the spirit of fighting against foreign invaders to protect the right to independence, and freedom of the nation - Self-reliance, self-reliance, the will to be independent and self-reliant in defending the nation's right to independence and freedom 2.2.1.2 Values in the struggle for independence and freedom of the world's peoples - Eastern + Confucian doctrine on building a universal society + Theism of the Three Peoples of Sun Yat-sen + Thought “Swaraj - Autonomy” of Mahatma Gandhi - The West + Ho Chi Minh absorbed the values of independence, freedom of the American Revolution and the Declaration of Independence of in 1776 + Ho Chi Minh absorbed liberal values, equality and fraternity of the French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen in 1791 2.2.1.3 Marxist-Leninist theory on national issues and the right of people to self-determination With practical experiences and a genius political vision, Ho Chi Minh analyzed, and scientifically evaluated to discover the epochal value of the Russian October Revolution along with Marxism-Leninism Those values have had a direct impact and created a huge turning point in awareness and Ho Chi Minh's political thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom 2.2.2 Practical basis 2.2.2.1 The reality of the struggle for independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people under the colonial regime in the late 19th century and early 20th century 2.2.2.2 The reality of the struggle for national independence and freedom in the world at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century 12 2.2.3 Quality and practice of Ho Chi Minh's struggle for independence and freedom 2.2.3.1 Qualities of Ho Chi Minh Besides the objective bases, it is also necessary to mention the outstanding qualities of Ho Chi Minh that have contributed to the formation of the ideology of the nation's right to independence and freedom The first prominent feature of Ho Chi Minh is its deep patriotism and love for the people + Ho Chi Minh is a man with political bravery, natural intelligence, the ability to think independently, self-control, and creativity + Ho Chi Minh was an exemplary man of revolutionary morality, having absolute faith in the strength of the people, always close to the people, wholeheartedly and wholeheartedly serving the people; is the virtue of perseverance, patience, optimism, and determination to overcome all difficulties and challenges 2.2.3.2 The reality of Ho Chi Minh's struggle for independence and freedom + In 1919, Ho Chi Minh, on behalf of the Vietnamese patriots in France, sent to the Versailles Conference the “Claim of the people of Annam”, mentioning the most rudimentary issues of freedom, democracy, and selfdetermination of the Vietnamese people; + The person who came across Marxism-Leninism through reading “The first draft of theses on national and colonial problems” by V.I Lenin in July 1920 + In December 1920, participated in the 18th Congress of the French Socialist Party, Nguyen Ai Quoc voted in favor of the French Socialist Party's accession to the Third International + On December 30, 1920, Ho Chi Minh together with leftist party members in the French Socialist Party held a conference to establish the French Communist Party, becoming the first Vietnamese communist + Actively wrote books, and newspapers, and published Le Paria (The Poor) - a newspaper that has become a combat weapon, is a forum for the Colonial Union and the Union to propagate ideas about the right to independence and freedom in colonial countries + From June 30, 1923, Ho Chi Minh came to Russia and participated in activities in the Communist International 13 + In 1930, the founder of the Communist Party of Vietnam and the victorious leader of the August Revolution in 1945 brought the right to independence, and true freedom for the nation It was the result of a process of exciting and rich practical revolutionary activities of Ho Chi Minh on his journey to find his way to save the country It is this fact that is the basis for the formation and affirmation of the correctness of Ho Chi Minh's thought on the right to independence, and freedom of the nation 2.3 APPROACH TO HO CHI MINH’S RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM 2.3.1 Approach from the theory of human rights - human aspiration In his journey to find a way to save the country, Ho Chi Minh approached two famous manifestos of the bourgeois revolution, the American Declaration of Independence of 1776 and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen of 1791 This approach of Ho Chi Minh is not only meaningful to the Vietnamese people, but also the oppressed peoples, exploiting on a worldwide scale to regain the nation's right to life, independence, and freedom 2.3.2 Approaching from the determination and aspiration for independence and freedom of the nation During a thousand years of being dominated by northern powers, they find ways to Sinicize the Vietnamese people However, with the belief and desire to live in independence and freedom, the Vietnamese people have always persevered in their struggle and resolutely resisted all the plots of the enemy, contributing to firmly safeguarding national independence and national sovereignty, and protecting the cultural identity of the nation The aspiration and determination to gain independence and freedom of the nation throughout thousands of years of history have always been accepted by generations of Vietnamese people, inherited and promoted in the struggle against foreign invaders to protect the independence and freedom of the nation It is the tradition and aspirations of the nation that is the basis of the initial approach for Ho Chi Minh to decide to go to find a way to save the country and regain independence and freedom for the nation 14 Chapter CONTENT OF HO CHI MINH’S THOUGHT ON THE NATION’S RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM 3.1 CONTENTS OF HO CHI MINH’S THOUGHTS ON THE NATION’S RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM 3.1.1 The value of the right to independence and freedom for the nation - The sacred, natural, and inviolable rights of the nation - It is a promise to bring a prosperous, free and happy life to the people 3.1.2 Contents of the nation's right to independence and freedom - The right to independence and freedom of the nation must be real, comprehensive and radical Political; Economic; About culture - Society; About the military; About diplomacy - The nation's right to independence and freedom is associated with socialism Because according to him, socialism is the basis and condition to ensure the independence and freedom of the nation for the development of the nation And only Socialism has all the conditions to ensure people's right to life, freedom and happiness - The right to independence and freedom of the nation is associated with unity and territorial integrity According to Ho Chi Minh, the independence and freedom of the nation and the unification of the country are a law of existence and development, which is the aspiration of the Vietnamese people - The right to independence and freedom of the nation must be institutionalized by the constitution, the law forces the world to acknowledge and respect Formulate and promulgate a Constitution to ensure the interests of the nation and the people can only be realized when the country fully gains independence, and freedom and the people are in control of their destiny In the light of Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence and freedom, the timely birth of the 1945 Declaration of Independence and the 15 1946 Constitution with progressive contents are important legal bases affirming the right to independence, the freedom of the Vietnamese people forced the world to recognize - Struggle for the right to independence and freedom of their nation, while respecting the independence and freedom of other nations As a patriotic nation, as well as a community soldier, Ho Chi Minh not only fought for the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese nation but have a cared for the single set, self-do of all the people are used other than that, contributing to the overall victory of the world revolutionary style 3.2 HO CHI MINH’S POINT OF VIEW ON THE CONDITIONS FOR GAINING, KEEPING AND EXERCISING THE NATIONAL’S RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM 3.2.1 Domestic conditions - Continue to consolidate and strengthen the leadership role of the Communist Party of Vietnam To firmly protect the nation's right to independence and freedom, many political factors are needed, in which the correct role and leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam is the leading factor determining the victory of the Vietnamese Communist Party Vietnamese revolutionary cause Ho Chi Minh commented: “The establishment of the Party is a very important turning point in the history of our Vietnamese revolution It proves that our proletariat has matured and is capable of leading the revolution”; “This is the first time in the revolutionary history of colonial and semi-colonial peoples that a 15-year-old Party has successfully led the revolution and taken over the country” The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was born, and the Communist Party of Vietnam became the ruling Party and directly led the cause of building and defending the young independence and freedom, bringing the country out of the situation of “thousands of pounds hanging by a hair”, contributing to strengthening and strengthening the forces preparing to enter the resistance war against the French colonialists to protect the independence and freedom of the nation 16 - Be consistent and apply, the creative development of Marxism Leninism in the cause of defending the independence and freedom of the nation Ho Chi Minh always sets a requirement to apply and develop it creatively to the actual conditions of the Vietnamese revolution - Building a new democratic state During his lifetime, V.I Lenin once emphasized: “The question of state power is bound to be the most central problem of all revolutions Which class holds power? That determines everything” Applying and developing the point of view of Marxism - Leninism, Ho Chi Minh soon saw the urgency to organize the establishment of a State after taking power, as a tool to maintain the government and promote the democratic rights of the people - Firmly consolidate the great national unity bloc based on the alliance of workers - farmers - intellectuals Building and promoting the strength of the great national unity bloc based on the industrial-agricultural-intellectual alliance is a strategic content in Ho Chi Minh's thought This is a very important condition, contributing to winning, keeping, and firmly defending the nation's right to independence and freedom - Build a new economy step by step for the cause of protecting the independence and freedom of the nation Besides political conditions, building an economic foundation for the new social regime is a key task, and is a prerequisite to protecting the independence and freedom of the nation - Building a culture and educating the whole people is the goal and driving force of the cause of protecting the nation's right to independence and freedom With the spirit of taking culture to light the way for the nation, culture is the goal and driving force of the revolutionary cause 3.2.2 International conditions - Take advantage of international consensus, support, and help based on upholding the spirit of self-reliance, self-strengthening, and promoting the synergy of the whole nation From a very early age, Ho Chi Minh always placed the Vietnamese revolution in the orbit of the world revolution, make the most of the 17 consensus, support and assistance of the forces, and expand international solidarity based on independence, with the spirit of self-reliance, self-reliance and he always upholds the slogan “Self-reliance, self-reliance, self-reliance is the main” - Respect and enforce the principles of international law on the right to independence and freedom of the nation Fighting for, keeping, and exercising the nation's right to independence and freedom is always the most important task of all nations in the world For that task to be successful, it is required that all nations in the international community must fully respect each other and enforce the principles of international law on the right to independence, and freedom of the nation, which is also the most important condition for nation-states to firmly protect their right to independence, his freedom - Study and absorb the world's advanced scientific and technical achievements According to Ho Chi Minh, the strength of a nation in the cause of building and defending the right to independence and freedom is understanding and wisdom In particular, he is particularly interested in the field of science and technology and considers it one of the "key stages" of socio-economic development, making a great contribution to the construction and protection of the nation's right to independence and freedom and the successful construction of socialism Chapter THE VALUES OF HO CHI MINH’S THOUGHT ON THE RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM OF THE NATION 4.1 CRYSTALIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THEORETICAL VALUES ON THE RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM OF THE NATION 4.1.1 Crystallization and development of theoretical values on the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people 4.1.1.1 Crystallizing the theoretical values of the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people Ho Chi Minh's Thought in general and his thoughts on independence and the freedom of the nation, in particular, has their deep roots in the 18 crystallization of traditional values in fighting foreign invaders and preserving the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people 4.1.1.2 Supplement and develop theoretical values about the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people - Firstly, Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, and freedom brought the Vietnamese revolution out of the crisis of the way of fighting for independence, and freedom of the nation at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century - Secondly, Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence and freedom are the basis, the theoretical foundation, and the guideline for the Party and Ho Chi Minh to build the line of struggle and struggle, keep and exercise the right to independence and freedom for the nation - Thirdly, Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, the nation's freedom is the continuation and affirmation of the will and aspirations of the nation with the truth “Nothing is more precious than independence and freedom” 4.1.2 Crystallization and development of theoretical values on the right to independence and freedom of the times 4.1.2.1 Crystallize the theoretical values of independence and freedom of the times Studying and absorbing the values of Marxism - Leninism; assimilating values of human culture; the inheritance and developing of national cultural traditions is the basis for Ho Chi Minh to affirm for the nations of the world that the most important and sacred issue is independence, freedom - that is first and foremost, the core problem of the revolution in the colonial countries 4.1.2.2 Supplement and develop theoretical values of independence and freedom of the times - Firstly, Ho Chi Minh developed, supplemented, and enriched his views on the national issue and national rights of Marxism - Leninism - Secondly, Ho Chi Minh developed and properly resolved the dialectical relationship between the right to independence, freedom of the nation with human rights 19 4.2 INTRODUCTION AND LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR THE PRACTICE OF STRUGGLE, KEEP AND EXERCISE THE RIGHT TO INDEPENDENCE AND FREEDOM OF THE NATION 4.2.1 For the practice of fighting for, keeping and exercising the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people - The period of struggle for the independence and freedom of the nation - The period of struggle to maintain the independence and freedom of the nation - Keeping and exercising the nation's right to independence and freedom in the doi moi period 4.2.2 For the practice of fighting for, keeping and exercising the right to independence and freedom of many countries around the world - Ho Chi Minh's thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom is an important driving force contributing to the promotion of the will, determination in fighting for, keeping and exercising the right to independence and freedom of nations in the world - Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the nation's right to independence and freedom initiated the way and measures to fight for, keep and exercise the right to independence and freedom of the peoples of the world to victory 4.3 CONTRIBUTING TO ORIENTING THE CAUSE OF PROTECTION, INDEPENDENCE AND THE FREEDOM OF THE VIETNAM PEOPLE THE CURRENT 4.3.1 Factors affecting the cause of defending the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people the current 4.3.1.1 International context - Firstly, the world's political, economic and military situation has many unpredictable developments - Secondly, the impact of the trend of globalization and international integration - Thirdly, the impact of the scientific-technological revolution is getting stronger and stronger - Fourthly, the solidarity of the three countries Vietnam - Laos - Cambodia 4.3.1.2 Domestic factor - Firstly, the drastic changes in the world and the region have greatly affected the economy of the country, leading to the risk of lagging and the average income is still high That has made the quality, efficiency and competitiveness of the economy still not high 20 - Secondly, the strong impact of the negative side of the market economy has led to a moral deterioration, lifestyle, embezzlement and corruption taking place more and more complicated - Thirdly, the development of culture - society still has some limitations that are not as expected of the socialist orientation - Fourthly, since the collapse of the socialist system in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, reactionary forces in the and abroad try their best to carry out riotous plots to overthrow the socialist regime that Vietnam is building 4.3.2 Orienting the cause of protecting the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people the current Our Party and State must continue to inherit and apply Ho Chi Minh's thoughts on the right to independence, and freedom of the nation, consider it an important motivation for or advocate a career path to protect the right to independence, freedom of our country today appropriately in the new situation - In terms of politics and society, continue to further promote the leadership role of the Communist Party of Vietnam - this is the decisive factor to the victory of the cause of defending the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people; continue to maintain the ideological foundation of the Party; focus on and strengthen the building of a strong political and moral Party; pay attention to training and fostering the contingent of party cadres and members, doing well in the construction and rectification of the Party, the Party must promote its role as the leader of the State, therefore, it is necessary to renew the leadership method, to master its legislative and executive powers Strengthening and consolidating the all-people securitization bloc, first of all, consolidating the flesh-and-blood relationship between the Party and the people - Regarding the economy, to ensure the preservation of the nation's right to independence and freedom in the current period, Vietnam needs to actively promote its internal resources in planning and implementing guidelines and policies on economic development Economic independence and freedom is not a closed economy, self-producing everything, self-sufficiency, but must know how to take advantage of the country's comparative advantages to build and develop effectively 21 - In the field of culture, it is necessary to carry out synchronous solutions such as: Firstly, it is necessary to further strengthen the leadership role of the Party and the management of the State in cultural construction and development Secondly, in building a new culture, first of all, we need to pay attention to promoting the patriotic tradition, the spirit of and aspiration for independence, freedom, self-reliance, self-reliance, love of the Fatherland and love of socialism Thirdly, continue to promote the movement and study of Ho Chi Minh's thought, morality, and style, thereby contributing to Marxism-Leninism and Ho Chi Minh's thought becoming the foundation and playing a role the direction of social life Fourthly, it is necessary to pay attention to creating all conditions to make every effort to carry out the task of building and developing the Vietnamese people comprehensively Fifthly, take care of building and developing an advanced culture imbued with national identity Sixthly, actively promote the expansion of cultural exchanges with the world thereby absorbing the cultural quintessence of humanity suitable to the specific conditions of Vietnam, thereby gradually overcoming the limitations of the Vietnamese people Seventhly, there should be appropriate sanctions to reward Eighthly, it is necessary to pay attention to training and developing highquality human resources for the cultural sector - Regarding national defense and security, with the spirit of the Vietnamese people, Vietnam does not accept the intervention of any force on national defense issues, or the security of the country and Vietnam also does not join any military alliance against third countries or see it as a solution to preserve independence, freedom of his country In particular, maintain and strengthen the Party's absolute leadership over the army and police and resolutely fight against the hostile forces' attempts to depoliticize the army - Regarding sovereignty, borders, and territories, we need: Firstly, focus on investment, formulation, and implementation of socioeconomic development policies in border areas, sea and islands comprehensively, with focus and focus associated with ensuring national defense, security, and 22 international cooperation We must consider firmly defending the sovereignty of the Fatherland's sacred borders, seas and islands as a strategic and urgent matter the key to the cause of defending the nation's right to independence and freedom Secondly, to promote international cooperation on the issue of national borders and territories, must ensure the principle of non-compromising, unprincipled concessions, and must always follow the motto “Immutable, immutable”, putting the national interest, upholding the nation's independence and freedom first Resolutely and persistently settle disputes over borders and sovereignty over sea and islands by peaceful means based on respect for basic principles of international law Thirdly, pay attention to training and building a force to manage and protect the sea and islands strong in strength and quality, especially the forces of the Navy, Coast Guard, Border Guard, Maritime Self-Defense Force and Fisheries Control to meet the requirements and tasks in the new situation Fourthly, strengthen and better propaganda on land border sovereignty, sea, and islands so that people fully understand territorial sovereignty to raise the sense of responsibility of each citizen in protecting the sea and islands of the Fatherland - Regarding diplomatic activities: In the current period, to well perform diplomatic work, contribute to firmly protecting the right to independence, the freedom of our people needs to perform basic tasks: Firstly, we need to regularly study and grasp the situation of the world's developments, regionally and domestically, on that basis to have timely solutions in the implementation of diplomatic work Secondly, it is necessary to implement synchronously and comprehensively diplomatic activities in the fields of politics, economy, culture, and defense - security Thirdly, continue to innovate, effectively improve the quality of training and foster diplomatic staff 23 CONCLUSION Based on inheriting, supplementing and developing the traditional cultural values of the homeland and the Vietnamese people in terms of aspiration and the will to struggle, keep and exercise the right to independence and freedom of the nation; approach and absorb the quintessence of human culture and Marxism-Leninism on national issues and the right of people to self-determination With his special qualities and practices of revolutionary activities, President Ho Chi Minh has built a comprehensive and profound viewpoint on values, the content of the nation's right to independence and freedom; conditions for gaining, keeping, and exercising the nation's right to independence and freedom These views not only played a great role in the cause of the national liberation struggle to regain the nation's independence and freedom in the twentieth century, but it is also of great value to the cause of protecting and exercising the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese nation in the current period President Ho Chi Minh said that the nation's right to independence and freedom are sacred values, inviolable to all nations and nations that no one can trespass All nations in this world, whether large or small, have full equal rights, the right to decide for themselves the destiny of the nation and any violation of the right to independence and freedom of people is contrary to reason and violates basic principles of international law The right to independence and freedom of the nation is a prerequisite for bringing a prosperous, free and happy life to the people The content of the nation's right to independence and freedom was summarized by Ho Chi Minh in the following aspects: The right to independence and freedom of the nation must be real, comprehensive, and radical; the nation's right to independence and freedom must be associated with socialism; the right to independence and freedom of the nation must be associated with unity and territorial integrity; the nation's right to independence and freedom must be institutionalized by the constitution and laws, which must be recognized and respected by the world; fight for the right to independence and freedom of their nation and at the same time respect the independence and freedom of other peoples Those basic contents have been concretized in the practice of the person who directly leads the Vietnamese nation In addition, Ho Chi Minh raised the conditions of struggle to win, keep and exercise the nation's right to independence and freedom in the country such as: Consolidate and strengthening the leadership role of the Communist Party of Vietnam; consistently and creatively applying and develop Marxism-Leninism; building a new democratic State; firmly consolidate the great national unity bloc based on the alliance of workers - farmers - intellectuals; build a new economy step by step; building a culture and educating the entire people is the goal and driving 24 force of the cause of protecting the nation's right to independence and freedom Combined with the strength of the times such as: Enlist international consensus, support, and help; respect and enforce the principles of international law on the nation's right to independence and freedom; studying and absorbing the world's advanced scientific and technical achievements With proven values in the cause of fighting for, keeping, and exercising the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese nation, Ho Chi Minh's thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom has excellent theoretical and practical value Contributing to crystallizing, developing, supplementing, and enriching the theory of the right to independence and freedom of the nation and the times Initiating and laying the foundation for the practice of struggle, keeping and exercising the right to independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people and the world In the current context, the trend of international integration, diversification, globalization, cooperation, and development The situation in the world and the region has been experiencing increasingly complicated and unpredictable changes in the fields of politics, economy, culture, defense - security therefore, Ho Chi Minh's ideology on the right to independence and freedom of the nation is an important driving force contributing to the direction of the cause of defending the independence and freedom of the Vietnamese people the current Firstly, it is necessary to strengthen the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam and bring into play the strength of the whole political system that continues to strengthen and consolidate the great solidarity bloc based on the alliance of workers - farmers, and intellectuals Secondly, it is necessary to set forth economic development policies and guidelines in line with the socialistoriented market economic institution Thirdly, there are policies for comprehensive socio-cultural development Fourthly, must always affirm the country's sovereignty and territorial boundaries as an immutable issue of strategic significance, therefore, it is necessary to focus resources to increase investment in the field of defense - security to meet the needs of the cause of construction and protection of national sovereignty and territorial borders Fifthly, it is necessary to pay special attention to foreign affairs and diplomacy, to have a strategy, and new strategies, and promptly respond to the requirements of the cause of protecting the independence and freedom of the nation in the current context, With that, the nation's right to independence and freedom will continue to be protected more and more firmly, creating conditions for rapid socio-economic development, improving all aspects of life, bringing the cause of socialist construction in our country to final victory, and at the same time contribute to the creation of an environment of peace, stability and progress around the world LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS * Journal Le Van Thuat (2020), “Independence and freedom for the nation - An immutable goal in Ho Chi Minh's life”, Ho Chi Minh Research Journal, Special issue, September 2020 pp 3-10 Nguyen Van Quang, Le Van Thuat (2020), “Ho Chi Minh Thought on Independence and Sovereignty”, Hue University Science Review: Social Sciences and Humanities ISSN 2588-1213 Volume 129, No 6A, 2020, P 175-185; DOI:10.26459/hueuni-jssh.v129i6A.5700 Le Van Thuat (2020), “Independent and free thought - a characteristic of Ho Chi Minh's humanism”, Theory and Communication of Journal, topic (October 2020), pp 5-7 Le Van Thuat (2021), “Protection of national independence right in Vietnam in globalization context” (Protecting the independence of the Vietnamese people in the context of globalization) Science Journal of Hue University: Social Sciences and Humanities; Volume 130, Issue 6D, 2021, P 5-14; DOI: https://doi.org/10.26459/hueunijssh.v130i6D 6171 Le Van Thuat (2021), “Ho Chi Minh's thought on the rights to independence and freedom”, Political Theory, quarterly Issue VI-2021, pp 33-38 * National and international scientific conferences Le Van Thuat, Nguyen Tat Thang (2019), “Great national unity - a strategic issue in President Ho Chi Minh's struggle for national independence” Proceedings of the National Scientific Conference “60 years of Uncle Ho's visit to the Northwest (May 7, 1959 - May 7, 2019)”, Hue University Press, 2019, pp.153-157 ISBN 978-601-974-151-7 Le Van Thuat, Nguyen Van Quang (2020), “Ho Chi Minh's view on the leadership role of the Communist Party of Vietnam in the cause of struggle for independence and freedom” Proceedings of the scientific conference “Young cadres of the Eighth National University of Pedagogy - 2020”, Hue University Press, October 2020, pp.293-302 ISBN 978-604-974-704-5 Le Van Thuat, Nguyen Manh Quyen (2021), “The influence of French education on Ho Chi Minh's right to independence and freedom” International Conference “France-Vietnamese Education at the end of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century”, Hue University Press, 4/2021, pp.762-774 ISBN 978-604-974-928-5 ... freedom of the nation; the basis for forming Ho Chi Minh' s ideology on the nation's right to independence and freedom; at the same time clarifies Ho Chi Minh' s approach to independence and freedom... and Ho Chi Minh' s thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom is related to the thesis topic - Clarifying the content of concepts: Rights; independence and freedom; Ho Chi Minh' s thought... basic content of Ho Chi Minh' s thought on the nation's right to independence and freedom - Explain the value of Ho Chi Minh' s thought on the right to independence and freedom of the nation 4 Research