THE EFFECTS OF PEER PRESSURE ON SECOND YEAR STUDENTS AT NATIONAL ECONOMICS ECONOMY

Rationale of the study

Peers are individuals you consider friends and spend time with, typically sharing the same age group in children and teens, while in adults, they are often linked by common interests or professions Peer influence plays a significant role in shaping behaviors, as seen when children mimic each other's play and gestures, or when high-performing employees inspire their colleagues to enhance their efforts This dynamic is known as "peer pressure," defined by the Oxford Dictionary as the influence exerted by individuals of similar age or social groups to conform in order to gain acceptance or approval.

Peer pressure significantly impacts college students, particularly those at National Economics University (NEU) With the absence of parental supervision, students, especially sophomores, face challenges as they navigate group work and manage their graduation thesis This pressure can lead to difficulties in balancing academic responsibilities and social activities, often resulting in exhaustion Consequently, they become vulnerable to temptations such as parties and drugs However, having supportive peers can provide essential motivation, helping students thrive both academically and recreationally.

Our research explores the dual nature of peer pressure, both positive and negative, focusing specifically on its effects on second-year students at the National Economics University.

Objective of the study

The specific objectives of the study are:

1 To identify the effects of peer pressure that second year students have to go through

2 To investigate how peer pressure affects second-year students.

3 To suggest some realistic and appropriate solutions to improve students’ ability to cope with peer pressures and recover their motivation.

Research questions

The study is conducted to answer the following research questions:

 What are the effects that peer pressure has brought to second year students?

 How can it affect them?

 What are the solutions for sophomore students to overcome peer pressure?

Scopes

Peer pressure affects individuals of all ages, but this study specifically examines second-year students at the National Economic University It provides an overview of the challenges faced by sophomores dealing with the negative effects of peer pressure The research includes a survey aimed at identifying and analyzing both the positive impacts of peer influence and the associated risks Additionally, the study offers solutions to mitigate these negative effects and support students in navigating peer pressure effectively.

A survey will be carried out to cover a wide range of 100 second-year students from National Economic University This research will be investigated within 15 weeks.

Methods of the study

The study employs a quantitative research method, utilizing a survey featuring multiple-choice questions and Likert scale items To collect quantitative data, the survey was distributed to approximately 110 students Prior to data analysis, all responses will be synthesized using Google Forms, and the answers from second-year students will be distinguished from others through Microsoft Excel.

A survey was developed for sophomores in the School of Advanced Education Program at NEU to gather detailed insights about their study experiences Targeting 119 students, the questionnaire is structured into various sections to effectively assess the overall impact of peer pressure on these students This comprehensive approach ensures that the survey captures a wide range of factors influencing their academic environment.

Step 1: Identify the data that are expected to collect The survey sample was selected through a purposeful sampling method among sophomores in NEU. The author distributed the survey questionnaire to second-year students by Google Form and collected them immediately after the respondents completed the questionnaire The languages used in the questionnaire are English and Vietnamese.

Step 2: Decide the method of the survey The questionnaire was designed and sent directly to each respondent The author explained the purposes of the research and answered any questions of respondents to get the most effective personal response.

Step 3: Diagram the substance of the questionnaire and select configuration of question Multiple choice questions, Likert Scale questions were used Multi- choice questions were designed to get background information and Likert Scale questions ( strongly disagree, disagree, undecided, agree, strongly agree) aimed to classify the level of evaluation of the effects of peer pressure on sophomores at NEU

Step 4: Build the structure of the questionnaire There are two main groups of questions in the survey, including the background information and detailed information so as to answer research questions.

Step 5: Collect and analyse the data This questionnaire is a part of our research and all those ideas including personal information will be kept secure and will be used for this research purpose only

Design of the study

The three-part research consists of:

Introduction, a brief presentation of the study’s rationale, purposes, scope, research questions, methodology as well as design of the study.

Development, includes the chapters below:

Chapter 1 Literature review, , covers the fundamental theoretical basis in peer pressure such as definition, types of pressure Especially, both positive and negative effects of peer pressure, which are the main issues of the study, are discussed thoroughly in this chapter.

Chapter 2, Findings & discussion, provides an analysis on the current impacts of peer pressure and reports the results of the survey research which are collected from sophomores at NEU.

Chapter 3, Recommendations, implication for the peer pressure of students, focuses on negative impacts and gives some suggestions for the students to overcome peer pressure.

Conclusion, summarizes all the key issues as well as the limitations of the study and suggestions for further study.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Definitions of peer pressure

As individuals age, they face challenging decisions that can be complicated by external pressures from peers, who are often defined by shared interests or professions rather than just age For teenagers, peers typically consist of classmates or club members, making their influence particularly significant during this formative stage.

Peers influence other peers' behavior, and get them into doing something. That phenomenon is called peer pressure Peer pressure, according to Treynor

Peer pressure, a phenomenon identified in 2009, occurs when individuals or groups influence others to change their attitudes, values, and behaviors to align with group norms This influence can stem from formal group memberships or informal friendships Additionally, social cognitive theory supports this concept by suggesting that students learn to manage stress through the observation and experiences of their peers.

Adolescents often emulate the behaviors of their peers, including engaging in risky activities like substance use and reckless driving This tendency stems from their desire to enhance their social status and secure their place within their social group.

Peer pressure is a significant aspect of children's experiences, as noted by Kessler (2017) It is prevalent in school environments and various organizations globally, where individuals often seek to connect with those who share similar values and beliefs.

Types of peer pressure

Peer pressure manifests in various forms and can be experienced in multiple ways, making it a significant factor in social interactions This diversity in expression is one of the primary reasons why peer pressure is categorized into different types.

According to Hardy (2020), peer pressure can be categorized into two distinct types: negative and positive Negative peer pressure occurs when individuals or groups encourage harmful behaviors, such as substance abuse or illegal activities Contrary to the common belief that all peer pressure is detrimental, positive peer pressure can lead to beneficial changes, inspiring individuals to improve themselves and make healthier choices.

Saxena (2020) expanded the understanding of peer pressure by categorizing it into six distinct types, including direct, indirect, spoken, and unspoken peer pressure Unspoken peer pressure manifests when individuals feel compelled to mimic the actions of their peers, often influenced by trends in fashion or lifestyle In contrast, spoken peer pressure involves direct requests or recommendations from peers, posing significant challenges due to the intense pressure experienced in group settings Direct peer pressure occurs when one peer explicitly instructs another on what actions to take, while indirect peer pressure is characterized by implicit cues such as gestures or body language Recent research has highlighted the diverse forms of peer pressure, emphasizing its complexity and impact on youth behavior.

Factors that influence peer pressures

Peer pressure, often referred to as peer influence or social pressure, is a significant issue that affects individuals across generations Teenagers, in particular, are highly susceptible to this influence due to their developing beliefs and lack of stability Various environmental factors, including family, friends, schools, and even strangers encountered online, contribute to the dynamics of social pressure.

Social acceptance plays a crucial role in high school dynamics, as highlighted by Cavior and Dokecki (1973), who noted that factors such as physical appearance, athletic ability, social standing, academic achievements, and future aspirations can influence popularity and group acceptance For those who struggle to meet these standards, the pressure to conform can lead to significant challenges, including feelings of shame and jealousy This is particularly evident among teenagers who compare themselves to popular peers on social media platforms like TikTok, where idealized appearances are often showcased.

Parents play a crucial role in shaping their children's physical and psychological development, particularly during the transitional period of adolescence This phase is vital, as adolescents are highly influenced by their close relationships, making it essential for parents to act as supportive friends throughout their growth Poor parenting, such as a lack of care and attention, can have detrimental effects on children's mental health and overall well-being.

Apathetic parenting in 2020 increases children's susceptibility to peer pressure, as these children often struggle to express or value their opinions in social situations.

Peer pressure refers to the influence exerted by members of a social group on one another, compelling individuals to conform to group norms This phenomenon is particularly evident among second-year students, who often feel an internal urge to engage in behaviors that align with their friends in order to fit in.

Internal peer pressure stems from various factors such as the desire to fit in, low self-esteem, fear of rejection, and mental health issues like anxiety This self-imposed pressure can lead to feelings of inadequacy, where individuals struggle to accept compliments and instead view them as challenges Many are unaware of the stress they place on themselves, which can result in discouragement from failures, constant stress, unrealistic expectations, and an overwhelming desire for self-improvement Recognizing these behaviors is crucial for understanding and addressing the impact of internal peer pressure.

In a world where social conformity is paramount, individuals often feel compelled to fit in with their peers and role models Those who seek control may gravitate towards individuals with lower self-esteem, as these followers are more likely to comply with their demands.

Effects of peer pressure

Peer pressure can have both positive and negative effects on individuals, significantly influencing their thoughts, decisions, and behaviors While it can sometimes lead to beneficial outcomes, the negative impacts are often more pronounced, especially among teenagers who are particularly susceptible Surveys indicate that many participants recognize peer pressure's detrimental effects on mental health, emotional development, behavior, and decision-making.

Peer pressure is a significant concern for parents, often highlighted in media reports and articles about school incidents While peer pressure can have negative effects, Carrie Silver-Stock (2016), a licensed clinical social worker and founder of Girls with Dreams, emphasizes its potential dangers She notes that negative peer pressure can harm self-esteem, cloud judgment, and increase stress levels In severe cases, it may lead to risky behaviors such as substance abuse and reckless actions that could result in serious harm or even death.

Positive peer influence plays a crucial role in shaping adolescents, often overlooked compared to negative peer pressure When young people surround themselves with supportive friends, they experience enhanced self-confidence and self-esteem These positive relationships encourage active decision-making, fostering personal growth and resilience in the face of challenges.

“When this peer pressure occurs in school, it has the potential to improve a teenager's academics or even friendships.” Carrie (2016) said

As students progress through university, particularly in their sophomore year, they become increasingly aware of peer pressure and its significant impact on their lives This influence can manifest in both positive and negative ways, depending on individual responses Optimistic sophomores often view peer pressure as a motivating force, using it to enhance their performance and personal growth Conversely, those who perceive peer pressure negatively may experience a decline in self-confidence and feelings of isolation Understanding these dynamics is crucial for navigating the challenges of university life.

Be influenced to gain new experience.

Peer influence can positively impact college students by encouraging them to become more assertive and engage in new activities, such as joining clubs, sports teams, or religious organizations Friends can inspire you to try new experiences, like tasting sushi for the first time or auditioning for a school play, enriching your life with diverse perspectives Additionally, interacting with a variety of individuals helps you develop essential social skills, expand your network, and learn to navigate differences, ultimately enhancing your college experience.

Have more motivation in studying

Peers play a crucial role as role models, inspiring each other to strive for excellence in academics and sports Dedicated peers can motivate students to adopt goal-oriented mindsets, while kind and loyal friends encourage the development of positive traits According to PhD D'Arcy (2015), even strangers can influence us; witnessing someone our age achieve milestones like competing in the Olympics or leading a community project can ignite our own passions Ultimately, peers foster a supportive environment that drives individuals to work hard, study effectively, and empathize with shared challenges.

Become a better version of yourself

Positive peer pressure can inspire students to reach their full potential by encouraging them to explore new ideas and beliefs while receiving valuable feedback from friends Peers play a crucial role in decision-making, whether it's choosing courses, experimenting with hairstyles, or navigating family conflicts They often provide practical advice and are quick to point out when they believe a friend is making a poor choice or engaging in unsafe behavior Although trying new things can be daunting and requires courage and confidence, doing so alongside friends can be a motivating experience, helping young people feel more comfortable as they share these new adventures together.

It may be able to assist them in overcoming their fears (Eden Pontz, 2019)

Get depressed because of thinking not good enough

Peer pressure significantly impacts teenagers, often leading to feelings of inadequacy and contributing to depression The desire to fit in with classmates and gain approval intensifies during adolescence, as teens navigate a landscape filled with cliques and social hierarchies This environment pressures them to alter their personalities or adopt false identities, complicating their journey of self-discovery As a result, many teenagers experience confusion and internal conflict, which can manifest as low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression.

Get jealous with others’ success

Individuals struggling with envy often find it difficult to celebrate others' successes due to their own dissatisfaction with life This disappointment in personal achievements fosters a narcissistic mindset, where they unconsciously wish for others to fail in order to feel better about themselves Rather than confronting their own weaknesses, they project their flaws onto those who are successful, striving to maintain an illusion of perfection while suppressing their true emotions.

Decrease self-confident about yourself

Negative peer pressure can significantly harm a teenager's self-esteem, often leading them to rely excessively on their peers due to low self-confidence Teasing from others may cause them to feel inferior, focusing more on their shortcomings than their achievements This self-consciousness can prevent them from taking risks or defending themselves against bullying Additionally, they may struggle to cope with failures or mistakes However, surrounding teens with supportive and positive friends can enhance their self-esteem, as highlighted by Paradigm Treatment Blog (2019).

Abuse alcohol drinks to reduce pressures

Alcohol poses significant dangers, affecting brain areas responsible for movement, speech, judgment, and memory Excessive drinking can lead to symptoms such as blurred vision, slowed speech, impaired memory, and difficulty walking Among teenagers, peer pressure is a significant factor, with nearly 60% of full-time college students having consumed alcohol in the past month as of 2014 Many engage in drinking at bars or house parties, where the influence of peers is strong Regularly succumbing to this pressure can result in excessive alcohol use, potentially leading to alcoholism or alcohol addiction.

Feel isolated from peers, lack direction in their lives

Today's youth face significant peer pressure, particularly affecting vulnerable teenagers who often feel disconnected from their peers and struggle with self-esteem In their quest for acceptance, they may engage in risky behaviors such as smoking, drinking, and cheating A lack of familial support can exacerbate this issue, leading teens to seek validation from their peers It is crucial for families to address uncomfortable topics like drugs and sex openly, as neglecting these discussions may drive adolescents to rely on potentially misleading information from classmates.

Negative peer pressure can significantly affect mental health, resulting in low self-esteem, declining academic performance, and strained relationships with family and friends This pressure may also heighten feelings of despair and anxiety, and if not addressed, it can lead to self-harm or suicidal thoughts among adolescents.

Suicide remains a critical issue among teenagers and young adults, as highlighted by the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry It is the second leading cause of death for individuals aged 15 to 24 Most young people who attempt suicide are affected by severe mental health conditions, with depression often exacerbated by peer pressure.

Suicide attempts in younger children are frequently spontaneous They may be linked to feelings of melancholy, befuddlement, or rage, as well as attention and hyperactivity issues.

Solutions to overcome peer pressure

The desire to belong to a group is a common human experience, especially during adolescence and young adulthood Many individuals face the challenges of peer pressure, feeling compelled to conform to their friends' behaviors to gain acceptance and respect.

Peer pressure can manifest in both obvious and subtle ways, and while it can sometimes have positive effects, it often leads individuals to engage in actions that conflict with their values or beliefs Navigating peer pressure can be challenging; however, it is essential to prioritize your personal values and preferences when making decisions, rather than succumbing to external influences.

According to D’Arcy (2015), when confronted with overt or indirect pressure to undertake something you are unsure about, use the following strategies:

Ask for advice or support from parents or other trusted family members

When facing difficulties, it's essential to confide in someone you trust, such as a parent, teacher, or school counselor Don't let guilt over past mistakes weigh you down; discussing your experiences can provide relief and equip you to better handle peer pressure in the future.

Plan ahead on what you can say or do when under peer pressure

To effectively manage challenging situations, it's crucial to plan ahead and rehearse your responses For example, holding a bottle of water or an empty beer bottle can deter unwanted offers Regularly check in with yourself by asking questions like, "How am I feeling?" and "Does this feel right?" Evaluating the pros and cons of your decisions will help you gauge your comfort level and prepare a strategy in case things take an unexpected turn.

Think on what will happen if you give into peer pressure and do what your peers do, or persuade you into doing.

Succumbing to negative peer pressure often leads to feelings of guilt and disappointment, as it conflicts with your personal values Understanding the potential consequences of risky actions is crucial, enabling you to withdraw from situations that don't align with your preferences.

When being pressured into committing risky behaviors, try to change the subject, or offer your peers another activity that is not risky

Understanding your peers' interests can help you shift the conversation to more engaging topics, such as recent school sports events or competitions Once you've changed the subject, suggest group activities like going to the movies, playing games, or participating in sports within a safe environment Additionally, having a supportive friend can greatly enhance your ability to redirect discussions and persuade others to join in on the fun.

Find a buddy, or a peer group who shares the same values and beliefs

Choosing friends wisely is crucial for personal growth and happiness Surround yourself with individuals who align with your career goals and interests, while remaining open to differing opinions If disagreements become problematic and compromise isn't possible, it may be necessary to distance yourself from those relationships Although it can be challenging to let go of existing friends, prioritizing connections with like-minded individuals is more beneficial for your overall well-being.

Allow yourself to avoid individuals or situations that don't feel right

If you find yourself in an uncomfortable situation, it's important to prioritize your well-being and leave, regardless of how your friends may feel This decision not only enhances your self-esteem but also fosters self-reliance and self-awareness about your preferences To avoid losing face among peers, consider establishing a "bail-out" code with your parents, such as having them call you back home for errands, providing a valid excuse to exit a tricky scenario.

Learn to feel comfortable saying no

Good friends often understand your choices without the need for apologies, but if you need to decline an offer for a smoke or beer, having a few phrases ready can help For instance, you might say, "If my mom finds out, I will be grounded for months," or create a dramatic scenario like, "My uncle just died from cirrhosis, so I'm avoiding alcohol." Being assertive not only reinforces your stance but also enhances your reputation among peers, teaching them to respect your decisions.

FINDINGS & DISCUSSION

Background information

2.1.1 The importance of peers in life

The first chart gives information about the importance of peer in life.

Figure 2.1.1: The importance of peers in life

A significant majority of students, totaling 72.9%, believe that peers play a crucial role in their lives, with 31.4% considering this influence very important and 41.5% deeming it important In contrast, only a small percentage feel neutral (12.7%) or view peer influence as very unimportant (11.9%) This trend suggests that peer behavior significantly impacts individuals, encouraging them to engage in various activities Previous research highlights that, for teenagers, peers are often classmates or clubmates, while in adulthood, peer relationships are more likely to be defined by shared interests or professional connections.

The following chart indicates the results of question 3 and 4 in the survey questionnaire so as to research factors that influence peer pressure on second-year students at NEU

Figure 2.1.2.1: Internal factors influence peer pressure

In Figure 2.1.1, it was revealed that 72.6% of sophomores identified poor self-confidence as a key internal factor contributing to peer pressure Additionally, 52.1% of students attributed their feelings of pressure to anxiety This suggests that second-year students often struggle with low self-awareness and uncertainty about their success Furthermore, 32.5% of respondents acknowledged that mental health issues were a significant cause of peer pressure.

Figure 2.1.2.2: External factors influence peer pressure

A significant 64.9% of respondents indicated that future goals contribute to their feelings of peer pressure, while 58.8% attributed this pressure to academic performance This trend may reflect the tendency of sophomores to impose self-pressure in pursuit of ambitious life goals, such as achieving wealth and securing high-paying jobs Notably, only 16.7% identified poor parenting as a source of their pressure, suggesting a positive trend in parenting outcomes in recent years.

Peer pressure in students is primarily driven by internal factors such as low self-confidence and anxiety, alongside external influences like the pressure to achieve future goals and excel academically To combat these challenges, it is essential for students to cultivate self-awareness and reduce the pressure they place on themselves.

2.1.3 Types of peer pressure that sophomores facing

The next graph depcts the typical types of peer pressure that students face.

Figure 2.1.3: Types of peer pressure that sophomores facing

A significant majority of sophomores, specifically 62.7%, reported experiencing negative peer pressure, surpassing those who felt positive peer pressure Overall, the findings indicate that there is no considerable difference between the two types of peer pressure among this group.

This article explores the impact of peer pressure on students, focusing on its negative effects and potential solutions The following sections will provide a detailed analysis of these influences and strategies for addressing them.

The effects of peer pressure on second year students at NEU

In the following figure, there are four types of effects of peer pressure that affect sophomores in National Economic University, they are behavior, thinking, decision and emotional development

Figure 2.2: The effects of peer pressure on second year students at NEU

The chart indicates that 70.2% of students believe peer pressure significantly influences their thoughts, making it the most impactful factor Emotional evolution follows, with 53.5% of students acknowledging its effects, while behavior and decision-making are less affected, at 46.5% and 41.2%, respectively Notably, two-thirds of second-year students report that peer pressure primarily alters their thinking, which in turn influences their emotions and behaviors This suggests that while peer pressure can have both positive and negative effects, those experiencing negative impacts are more likely to be swayed by emotions rather than rational thought, explaining the higher ranking of emotional development in the survey results.

Students measured how peer pressure affected second-year students at NEU

The collected data in the next figure reveals how peer pressure impacts second-year students at NEU.

Figure 2.3: Measurements from second-year students about how peer pressure affected

1 Be influenced to gain new experience

2 Have more motivation in studying

3 Become a better version of yourself

4 Get depressed because of thinking not good enough

6 Get jealous with others’ success

7 Decrease self-confident about yourself

8 Abuse alcohol drinks to reduce pressures

9 Feel isolated from peers, lack direction in their lives

In Figure 2.3, a significant majority of students, nearly all, acknowledged the advantages of peer pressure Specifically, 63% of respondents felt influenced to gain new experiences, which is three times more than those who disagreed Additionally, 57% of the 118 students expressed agreement regarding increased motivation in their studies, with 23% strongly agreeing, and no participants strongly disagreed Furthermore, a total of 75% of students either agreed or strongly agreed that peer pressure helped them become a better version of themselves The data also indicates that the percentage of students who disagreed or remained undecided on these points was relatively low across all three items.

The study revealed that a significant number of second-year students experienced feelings of isolation and decreased self-confidence, with 35%, 57%, and 31% reporting negative thoughts Additionally, the data indicated a similar percentage of students were undecided or in agreement regarding feelings of jealousy towards others' success and depression Notably, 36% of respondents were undecided or disagreed about the desire to discontinue their studies, suggesting that despite peer pressure, students are motivated to seek recognition Furthermore, a substantial 73% of students expressed strong disagreement (39%) or disagreement (34%) regarding the use of alcohol as a means to cope with peer pressure, indicating that alcohol consumption is not a prevalent strategy for managing stress in university life.

Another respondent highlighted that many individuals resort to inappropriate words, actions, and even abusive behavior towards others as a misguided way to assert their power or status This behavior, however, reveals their underlying inability to effectively confront negative situations in reality.

In conclusion, it is true that peer pressure has an influence on students in both emotion, thinking as well as action in positive and negative ways

2.4 Second-year students suggested solutions to tackle negative peer pressures

The table 2.4 illustrates the evaluation of second-year students about the solution to tackle negative peer pressures.

2 Spend time for yourself to assess spend strengths and weaknesses instead

3 Find something to focus on and set aside peer pressure

4 Build self-esteem for yourself 0.8% 7% 35.9% 37.7% 18.4%

5 Speak with the individual who is putting you under peer pressure.

6 Recognize unhealthy behaviours to avoid 1.7% 4.3% 22.8% 50.8% 20.1%

7 Plan ahead on what you can say or do to avoid being pressured

8 Choose peers who share the same beliefs and values 2.6% 3.5% 21.9% 45.6% 26.3%

9 Avoid peers who can cause self-doubt, or may disregard 2.6% 14.9% 22.8% 43.8% 15.7% your feelings

10 Back out when you are being negatively pressurized 4.3% 4.3% 23.6% 48.2% 19.2%

Table 2.4: Recommendations from second-year students to tackle negative peer

The data indicates that 50% of students recognize unhealthy behaviors to avoid, with 59 out of 118 respondents in agreement Additionally, 49% of students (58 out of 118) support the idea of focusing on personal goals and resisting peer pressure, while 23.6% (27 students) strongly agree with this perspective Notably, only one student strongly disagreed Furthermore, the majority of students also agree on the importance of taking time for self-reflection to evaluate personal strengths and weaknesses, as well as the necessity of withdrawing from negative peer pressure situations.

Research on student responses to peer pressure revealed a significant number of students were undecided about proposed solutions Key strategies, such as “talking to the individual exerting pressure,” “building self-esteem,” and “seeking parental support,” showed high indecision rates of 39.4%, 36.8%, and 35.9%, respectively Notably, the option of parental support had the highest percentage of undecided responses, suggesting that many students struggle to determine its relevance to their situations, potentially due to a generational gap Additionally, students often prefer sharing their pressures with friends or engaging in recreational activities to alleviate stress rather than seeking assistance from parents.

In the final open-ended question of the survey, a student emphasized the importance of recognizing that every experience, including peer pressure, serves a purpose They encouraged individuals to concentrate on their passions and pursuits that align with their desired identity and personality By embracing the rhythm of life, one should engage with their feelings while applying thoughtful judgment to navigate their journey.

In conclusion, an analysis of data collected from second-year students via Google Forms revealed that many students struggle with low self-confidence and experience pressure related to future goals This pressure significantly impacts their mindset, leading them to adopt unhealthy coping behaviors Consequently, the researcher decided to implement innovative layout challenges and arguments to help sophomores effectively reduce peer pressure.

RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations for students

Building self-confidence is crucial for students to avoid self-doubt and the stress associated with peer influence Research shows that students with high self-esteem are more adept at resisting negative peer pressure During their adolescent years, college students often grapple with their identities, seeking guidance from peers as they navigate their beliefs and sense of belonging While some peer influences can be positive, others may lead to poor decisions, especially for those with low self-esteem Engaging in new activities, such as starting a sport, learning a language, or taking a part-time job like writing for a coursework service, can help students expand their social circles and skills, reinforcing their self-worth beyond external judgments.

3.1.2 Get support and advice from a trusted adult such as a parent, teacher, or school counselor

Students should seek guidance from trusted sources, such as parents or siblings, to effectively manage peer pressure Isolation can severely impact happiness, so recognizing the need for help and discussing feelings with someone is often the first step toward improvement Friends and family, who genuinely care, can provide valuable support and advice Having a reliable support system can alleviate everyday stressors and assist in making informed decisions Facing peer pressure alone can be daunting, but leaning on a supportive group can significantly ease the burden.

3.1.3 Weigh the emotions in the decision that has been made

Being mindful of our emotions is essential, especially during stressful times when we may be tempted to choose easy solutions Such choices can lead to negative consequences By acknowledging and understanding our feelings, we can prevent poor decision-making It's also important to distance ourselves from individuals who foster self-doubt, undermine our confidence, or dismiss our emotions.

Peer pressure can induce panic, particularly in hostile environments, making it crucial to have a strategy to manage reactions and minimize impulsive decisions Anticipating uncomfortable scenarios and planning responses is essential in navigating peer pressure effectively It's important to consider what constitutes a satisfactory response and explore various ways to decline, as making excuses is a valid approach to avoid choices that may not align with your best interests.

Recommendations for school

3.2.1 Promote self-learning and reflective thinking o Give students ownership over their education

Empowering students to take charge of their own learning fosters a sense of community and transforms the classroom into a space they define Teachers play a crucial role in this process, as they create the necessary framework for effective learning experiences and guide students through each stage It is vital to design activities that promote learner independence, encouraging thoughtful engagement with the content and facilitating discussions about their work By implementing exciting, open-ended tasks that align with learning objectives and develop essential skills, educators can motivate students to make decisions and reflect on their progress, ultimately instilling a sense of responsibility for their own learning Providing opportunities for reflection is key to enhancing this process.

Encouraging reflective thinking in students is crucial for their understanding of success and areas for improvement, enabling them to adjust their strategies for better outcomes Through reflective thinking, students can analyze their learning experiences, recognize key insights, adapt their knowledge based on new information, and apply their learnings to different contexts Additionally, student reflections provide valuable insights for teachers, serving as an effective assessment tool to enhance lesson design and instructional methods.

3.2.2 Do not allow students to negatively pressure others

Teachers play a vital role in fostering a supportive environment that encourages students to embrace failure without fear of ridicule By cultivating a safe space, educators can create opportunities for meaningful connections among students, promoting resilience and collaboration in the learning process.

Bullying attacks can be reduced and targeted students' healing can be facilitated by cultivating a feeling of community in the classroom.

Bullying can be effectively addressed when teenagers feel a sense of connection with their peers, enabling them to cope with difficult situations Educators play a crucial role in preventing future incidents by encouraging students to speak up against hostile behavior Creating a safe environment where students can express themselves and advocate for themselves and others is essential Additionally, promoting participation in afterschool activities aligned with their interests fosters positive encouragement and community Early identification of negative peer pressure is vital, allowing for timely intervention to support affected students.

Teachers must be vigilant in recognizing even subtle signs of peer pressure among students and take proactive measures to address these issues before they escalate Timely interventions are crucial, as failure to act may lead to bullying of those who resist peer influence.

3.2.3 Increase students’ self-esteem and confidence

Students who feel satisfied with themselves tend to achieve more in the classroom, highlighting the importance of teachers in fostering positive attitudes and confidence By providing constructive feedback and encouragement, educators can help students develop a strong sense of self-esteem, which is crucial for tackling challenges and embracing new experiences Conversely, negative and overly critical feedback can harm students' self-worth, leading to low self-esteem Therefore, the nature of the feedback students receive significantly influences their self-perception and overall success.

3.2.4 Teach students to realize that they can learn from their mistakes and how to deal with error

Recognizing mistakes as valuable learning opportunities is essential for effective problem-solving Instead of giving up in frustration, engaging with our errors allows us to grasp the underlying concepts more deeply This constructive approach to understanding mistakes ensures that the knowledge gained remains with us longer than simply memorizing solutions.

Encouraging students to recognize and understand their incorrect solution concepts leads to a deeper comprehension of the subject matter, rather than simply memorizing the correct answers Teachers should focus on helping students identify their mistakes and grasp the reasons behind them This approach fosters independent mistake correction as a habitual practice, ultimately enhancing students' understanding of both the errors and the appropriate solution strategies.

Empowering students to identify and correct their mistakes promptly significantly boosts their motivation to learn By investigating the root causes of errors, learners deepen their conceptual understanding It's essential for students not only to acknowledge their mistakes but also to receive constructive feedback on the nature of those errors Implementing root cause analysis alongside personalized support is the most effective approach to alter cognitive patterns and help prevent the recurrence of the same mistakes.

3.2.5 Employ a mental consult team specialized in helping students who are having negative thoughts

Mental health counselors play a crucial role in assisting students who are struggling with peer pressure by helping them identify their fears, insecurities, and challenges By understanding the root causes of these issues, counselors can gauge the severity of the situation and offer effective solutions to empower students to resist negative influences.

Recommendations for families

Strong friendships are essential for young people, providing them with a sense of belonging and positively influencing their lives While peer pressure is often viewed negatively, it can also introduce teens to new music, fashion, and experiences, enriching their lives in meaningful ways.

While family gatherings often foster connection, they can sometimes lead to negative or harmful outcomes, encouraging poor decisions and choices This potential for adverse effects can raise concerns for parents.

3.3.1 Help children discover his or her interests and strengths and develop positive self-confidence

Building self-confidence in children can significantly reduce their susceptibility to peer pressure Each child has unique strengths and weaknesses, making it essential for parents to support their children in discovering their passions and interests Whether in academics, music, sports, or other talents, finding the right fit allows children to feel confident and secure, alleviating feelings of guilt or inadequacy among peers This journey of self-discovery should begin at an early age, as children are developing their behaviors and attitudes By identifying their interests, children can stay focused and resilient against negative influences from their surroundings.

3.3.2 Encourage your child’s independent thinking

In many Asian countries, such as Vietnam, it is common for parents to make decisions for their children from a young age, which can provide helpful guidance but may also hinder independent thinking This dependency can lead to difficulties in forming personal opinions and increased susceptibility to peer pressure in adulthood To foster healthy development, parents should encourage their children to make their own decisions, supporting them in developing their views and making informed choices By instilling confidence in their decision-making abilities, children can cultivate self-awareness and resilience, enabling them to navigate life's challenges effectively It is essential for parents to help their children understand their identity and values while allowing them time for personal growth.

3.3.3 Show empathy for your child’s anxieties and the feelings that come with peer pressure

Anxiety affects everyone, including children, who may experience it due to pressures from school, friends, and social issues These external triggers can lead to feelings of inferiority among peers To support their children, parents should practice empathy by understanding their feelings and encouraging open communication By viewing situations from a child's perspective and valuing their emotions, parents can foster trust and confidence in their children, helping them navigate and overcome psychological challenges.

3.3.4 Assist children in managing social pressures and anxieties, try to talk to them

Parents play a crucial role in helping children navigate internal and external pressures by offering support and understanding Engaging in open conversations about feelings and peer influences fosters a sense of care and connection Sharing personal experiences can provide valuable insights, encouraging children to see challenges as opportunities for growth It's essential to emphasize the importance of self-worth, as children learn to value themselves through the encouragement and praise of those around them A nurturing family environment allows for honest expression of feelings, creating a safe space where children can develop confidence and resilience against peer pressure.

Summary of the study

The purpose of the conducted study in this research was to examine what peer pressure can cause to sophomores and how they can deal with it in NEU.

Research indicates that students have varying perceptions of peer pressure, with some viewing it negatively while others adopt a more optimistic perspective This duality suggests that there are both advantages and disadvantages to exploring the complexities of peer pressure among students.

The literature identifies both internal and external factors that significantly influence peer pressure among sophomores, leading to negative impacts on their mental health A survey revealed that many students believe peer pressure affects their thoughts, emotional development, behavior, and decision-making Additionally, some second-year students experience feelings of inadequacy, isolation, and a lack of self-confidence, which contribute to their susceptibility to peer pressure.

While peer pressure is often viewed negatively, it can also have positive effects on students Many students report that peer pressure serves as a motivating force, encouraging them to strive for self-improvement This suggests that the desire to become a better version of oneself can be fueled by the influence of peers.

The authors offered solutions for survey participants, highlighting that university life encourages students to develop independence Faced with peer pressure, many students prefer solitary reflection or alternative activities over discussing their issues with parents Additionally, some opt to pause their primary commitments for a brief respite or seek out different confidants outside their family for support.

In summary, the study successfully achieved all research objectives, and it is anticipated to significantly enhance the involvement of second-year students at National Economics University in extracurricular activities.

Limitations of the study

Every research project inevitably faces limitations, and this thesis is no different, primarily due to constraints in time and knowledge Additionally, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has imposed external challenges, restricting the application of certain methods that could enhance the quality of the research As a result, the study may lack practical experience.

The research was limited in scope due to time constraints and a narrow focus on student opinions gathered through surveys To improve the study's quality, it is essential to include interviews with students from various academic years, not just sophomores Addressing these limitations through additional research is crucial for obtaining more comprehensive insights.

Suggestions for further study

Future studies should address the diversity issues related to peer pressure, particularly among students at National Economics University (NEU) Researchers emphasize the need for further investigation into the effects of peer pressure across various faculties, as this will help overcome existing study limitations By exploring peer pressure among adolescents, future research can reveal its significant impact and identify effective strategies to support NEU students in managing peer pressure, ultimately enhancing organizational performance.

Peer pressure is a prevalent challenge faced by students of all ages, yet it is often underestimated in schools due to insufficient communication between teachers and students To address this issue, introducing a dedicated subject focused on peer pressure solutions could significantly reduce the number of students negatively impacted This initiative would not only foster better communication between students and teachers but also enhance the overall quality of classroom learning.

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We are students from the National Economics University conducting a thesis on the impact of peer pressure on senior students We kindly request your assistance in answering questions related to this topic to aid our research.

We are conducting a survey to gather your insights on the impact of peer pressure based on real experiences Your participation is vital for our research, and rest assured that all responses, including personal information, will be kept confidential and used solely for research purposes We greatly value your thoughts and opinions.

Thank you for your cooperation

1.1 What do you think about the importance of peers in your life?

1.2 What types of peer pressure do you often get?

1.3 What internal factors influence your peer pressure?

1.4 What external factors influence your peer pressure?

1.5 What are your effects of peer pressure? Behavior (Hành động)

PART2: HOW CAN PEER PRESSURE AFFECT SECOND YEAR STUDENTS?

Please indicate your opinion about each statement by choosing the appropriate column. (SD= Strongly Disagree; D= Disagree; U= Undecided; A= Agree, SA= Strongly Agree)