52 SO 07 2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY VAN HOA LiCH SU NHIN LAI QUAN DIEM CUA MY VE CHU TRirOTNG DAI LOAN DOC LAP CUA NGl/Ori KE NGHIEP HO TlTONG • ^ • ; • > ' o • • • / " • ' ^ f r ^ h a n g 1/1988, dng Ly Dang Huy ^ f l y n h i m chdc Tong thd'ng Dai ^ ^ ^ Loan dung luc hdn d i e nay h i u nhu bi hoan toan cd l i p ve ngoai giao Canada, Australia va Chau Au da cdng n h a n Trung Qud'c dUdc 15 nam, Hoa Ky cung tuyen bd' tif chin nam trUdc rang nha cam quyen Bac Kinh I i chinh phu duy nha't hpp phap cua[.]
52 SO 07-2009 CHAU MY NGAY NAY VAN HOA - LiCH SU NHIN LAI QUAN DIEM CUA MY VE CHU TRirOTNG DAI LOAN DOC LAP CUA NGl/Ori KE NGHIEP HO TlTONG • ^ •;• :>'o • : • • / " • ' Do Trong Quang ^ f r ^ h a n g 1/1988, dng Ly Dang Huy ^ f l y n h i m chdc Tong thd'ng Dai ^ ^ ^ Loan dung luc hdn die h i u nhu bi hoan toan cd lip ve ngoai giao Canada, Australia va Chau Au da cdng nhan Trung Qud'c dUdc 15 nam, Hoa Ky cung tuyen bd' tif chin nam trUdc rang nha cam quyen Bac Kinh Ii chinh phu nha't hpp phap cua nUdc Trung Hoa, Luc sinh thdi hai tdng thd'ng cu cua Dai Lean la Tifdng Gidi Thach va Tudng Kinh Qud'c, chinh phu Trung Hoa Dan Qudc d Dai Ldan chu trUdng chinh sich "mpt nude Trung Hoa", tuyen bd' cat ddt quan he vdi nhdng nUdc cdng nhan Trung Qudc Do dd, chinh quyen phai rdi khdi chiee ghe cda minh d Lien hpp qud'c t h i n g 10/1971, nhUdng chd cho Cong hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa NhUng len lam Tdng thdng Dai Loan, dng Ly Dang Huy* da thay ddi chu trUPng cua ngifpi tien nhiem, chu trUPng ly khai Dai Loan khdi Trung Qud'c, lap mpt qud'c gia neng re, Tai cupc hpp bao 9/3/1989 sau chuyen di Singapore ve, mpt nha bao hoi Ly Dang Huy rang dng cd h i i long ngUdi ta thdng bao "Ly tdng thd'ng da td Dai Loan den" khdng, thi dng tra ldi: Trung Hoa Ddn Quo'c Id mot nUdc doc lap, cd chu quyen, nhUng mqi ngUdi deu hieu rat ro nhUng khd khdn cua chiing ta Theo cd cdu cua Lien hdp qudc tU ndm 1971, hoqt dqng qud'c te cua chung ta bi nhieu han che Bdy gid, van de quan trqng nhdt cua chiing ta Id Idm the ndo phd vd cd cdu dd Cung cupc hpp bao, dng Ly Dang Huy ndi rang "trong lich sU Trung Hoa truyen thd'ng cua chung ta tdi tin r i n g Trung Hoa Dan qudc Ii ngUdi ke vi chinh thd'ng", Trong mpt bai dien van ngiy 20/5/1990 vdi tieu de "Trinh trpng tuyen cio vdi 1,2 ty ngUdi Trung Qud'c", Ly Dang Huy van ndi Dii Ldan Ii mpt bp phan cua Trung Qud'c: "Dai Loan va Dai luc la nhdng bp p h i n khdng the t i c h rdi cua lanh thd Trung Qud'c, ta't ca mpi ngUdi Trung Qud'c deu la ddng bao cdng mau thit"', nhUng dng lai ndi r i n g Trung Quo'c phai thiic hien dan chu chinh tri va td bd sd dung vu liic d eo bien Dai Loan trUdc hai ben cd the, tren cd sd binh dang, thiet lap mdt cd sd de t h i e luan ve thd'ng nha't, Ong ket luan: "Khi nao dieu kien khach quan chin mudi, diia tren khat vpng chung cua nhan dan Trung Qud'c d hai bd ee bien Dai Loan, chung ta hy vpng cd the ban van de thd'ng nha't da't nUdc" Ldi tuyen bd'cua Ly bi Trung Qud'c bic be hom sau De hieu cen ngUdi va sii nghiep chinh tri cua Ly Dang Huy, CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 07-2009 ta hay xem xet vai net sd lupc ly lich cda dng Vai n e t v e t i e u suf Ly D a n g H u y Ly D a n g Huy sinh 15/1/1923 gan D a m Thuy, phia t a y - b i c Dai B i c , gida thdi ky thd'ng tri thupc dia cua N h a t Ban Trong phong t r i o k h u y e n khich d a n D i i Loan lay t e n N h a t , Ly D a n g H u y m a n g t e n I w a s a t o Masao n a m 1940, nhUng dng khdng dung ten n i y che dp thiic d a n N h a t Ban ket thuc Sau td't nghiep trUdng cad t r u n g D i i B i c t h i n g 10/1943, Ly D a n g Huy s a n g N h a t Ban t h e e hpc n g a n h kinh te ndng nghiep d trUdng Dai hpc Hdang gia Kydtd, rdi lam viec q u a n dpi N h a t Ban t h i n g 12/1944, ThPi gian n i y d N h a t B i n r a t q u a n trpng dd'i vdi Ly D a n g Huy, vi t h a i dp cua dng dd'i vdi nUdc N h i t trd t h a n h mpt e t a i t r a n h l u a n chinh tri sau dng lam tdng thd'ng, Ly trd ve D i i Lean sau Chien t r a n h t h e gidi T h d hai c h i m ddt, mpt so' ngUdi td' c i o dng hoac gia n h a p dang Cdng s i n T r u n g Qud'c hoac dang Cong s i n D i i Loan thdi ky n i y , Tuy chang cd b a n g chdng n i o cho thay dng lien he vdi hai d i n g dd, nhifng rd r a n g dng cd q u a n t a m den chu nghia M i c luc Ly D a n g Huy ndi r a n g dng t h a m gia mdt nhdm c6 lien q u a n vdi "Lien d o i n Dan chu Dai Loan" Ta Tuyet Hdng c i m d i u , dd la mpt n h d n g ngUdi lanh dad dau tien cua d a n g Cdng san Dai Ldan, NhUng ldi tuyen bd' dd cd mpt so' van de, vi "Lien d o i n D a n chu D i i Loan" khdng dupc t h a n h l i p tai Dai Loan, ma d Hdng Kdng, Mdt n a m sau, Ly Dang Huy hd nhdm nay, va chang bad lau, cac t h a n h vien cua nhdm dd bi b i t giam T h i n g 4/1946, Ly tiep tuc hpc kinh te ndng nghiep tai trUdng Dai hpc 53 Qud'c gia D i i Ldan, td't nghiep 1/8/1949 va dUpc cU lam trd g i i n g cua trUdng, Vai t h a n g sau, dng ket hen vdi T a n g Van H u e 9/2/1949, luc 26 tudi, mpt d i m cUdi ma ngUdi ta ban t a n la cupc ket t h a n gida "hp Tang giau cd vdi hp Ly tri thdc", Sau ket hdn, Ly D a n g Huy dupc cap mpt hpc bdng sang My hpc d trUdng Dai hpc Idwa, dau thac si kinh te ndng nghiep, Ve nUdc, dng vda g i i n g day d trUdng Dai hpc Qud'c gia D i i Ldan, v d a lam chuyen gia kinh te tai N g i n h a n g Hdp t i c Dai Ldan, Sd Ndng L i m nghiep tinh Dai Loan, va Uy ban Cong t i c T i i thiet Nong thdn (gida Dai Loan v i My), T h i n g 9/1965, Ly sang hpc d trUdng Dai hpc Cdrnell cua My, dau tien si 1/7/1968, Ve Dai Lean dUdc may t h i n g , dng hi cd q u a n an ninh gpi den xet hei, mdi 17 tieng ddng hd va lien tuc mpt t u i n le, Luc dUdc t h a ve, met si quan an ninh b i d dng: "Chi cd ngUdi n h u Tudng Kinh Qud'c mdi d i m ddng mpt ke n h u anh", Ce le Ly Dang Huy hi tra hei vi dng da mdi cdm mdt ngudi bi cd quan an ninh Dai Ldan thee ddi la H d i n g Van Hung, trdng thdi gian dng hpc d trUdng Dai hpc Cdrnell, NhUng t h a t ra, mUdi t h i n g sau Ly hi cd q u a n an ninh gpi den xet hei, thi Hdang Van H u n g mdi mUu sat TUdng Kinh Qud'c d New Yerk, Dd sad, sau bi xet hdi, Ly Dang Huy v i n dupc de bat lam trUdng b a n Kinh te Ndng thdn cda Uy b a n Cong t i c T i i thiet Ndng thdn (JCCR), Ong gia n h a p T r u n g Hoa Qud'c dan d i n g t h i n g 10/1971 "de giai quyet van de ndng nghiep cua Dai Loan" Mpt budc n h a y vpt dUa Ly Dang Huy t h a n g tien sii nghiep chinh tri I i n g i y 29/5/1972, Tudng Kinh Qudc, luc dd la t h d tUdng mdi, bd nhiem Ly D a n g Huy lam Be trUdng 54 SO 07-2009 Khdng bd Mdt nhutng bien phap cai each cua Tudng Kinh Qud'c la, dng nang sd ngudi gd'c Dai Loan tdf mpt phan sau ndi cac cu len mdt p h i n ba npi cac mdi Bp trUdng Khdng bp p Dai Loan thudng thiic hien nhdng nhiem vu dac biet cho thu tudng, the la Ly dUpc giao cdng viec linh viic ndng nghiep Dai Loan luc dd cd che dp yeu cau ndng dan ddi thdc Ida lay phan bdn, khien phan bdn trd nen dac biet d i t dd dd'i vdi nha ndng Ly Dang Huy ben bai bd che dp t h i n g 1/1973, ddng thdi phat trien cdng nghiep hda dau "mUdi du an ldn" Ngay 17/11/1976, dng trd Uy vien ban Cha'p hanh Trung Udng cua Qud'c dan dang .• Sau nam npi cac dd ren luyen Ly Dang Huy d cai dng gpi la "trUPng TUdng Kinh Qud'c" ve chinh tri, dng phat trien quan he rat than mat vdi Tudng Ki-nh Qud'c td nam 1972 den luc Tudng qua ddi t h i n g 1/1988, nhUng van d dia vi le thupc, Ldc Tudng Kinh Qud'c dupc b i u lam tdng thd'ng nam 1978, Ly Dang Huy dupc bd nhiem lam Thi trUdng Dai Bac t h i n g 6, Trong ba t h i n g dau Ly Dang Huy gid chdc thi trUdng, Tudng Kinh Qud'c thUdng den nha khach phe' mdi tuan ba bdn lan hdi dng ve cdng viec, nhdng van de dng phai giai quyet va giai phap cua dng Sau ba t h i n g "phu dao" ci'p td'c dd, TUdng khdng tdi nda va td tin tUdng each thdc Ly Dang Huy quan ly phd' Trong nhiem ky thi trUdng cua dng, Ly khuyen khich sU dung m i y tinh, giam thdi gian dang ky ciia cac deanh nghiep td nda t h i n g xud'ng sau ngay, xay dung nha P, d i p nUdc, hd chda nUdc, Id thieu, va xa Id Ngay 14/12/1979, dng dupc b i u vao ban ThUdng vu Trung Udng cua Quo'c dan dang CHAU MY NGAY NAY Ngay 26/11/1981, TUdng Kinh Qudc bd nhiem Ly Dang Huy lam thd'ng dd'c tinh Dai Loan T h i n g 7/1983, Ly dpc mpt bao cao trUdc ban ThUdng vu Trung Udng Qud'c dan dang, dupc Tudng nhiet liet khen ngdi, the la tieng tam Ly chinh gidi Dai Loan tiep tuc vang dpi Ly nam dUdc cP hpi chinh tri ldn dng dUdc Tudng Kinh Qud'c chpn lien danh vdi minh, dng cd chdc phd tdng thd'ng Ly chdng phai la ngUdi gd'c Dai Loan dau tien lam phd tdng thd'ng, vi Ta Ddng Man da d chdc via dd tvf nam 1978 den 1984, nhUng trUdc nam Ly Dang Huy gid chdc nay, ten tudi dng cung hai ngUdi Dai Loan khac la Lam DUdng Cang va KhUu Sang Hoan da dUpc coi Ii cd kha nang tranh cii Thdi gian ba nam tam t h i n g lam phd tdng thd'ng rd rang giup Ly Dang Huy chuan hi trd tdng thd'ng Tudng Kinh Qud'c qua ddi 13/1/1988 Tudng da giao cho Ly nhieu cdng viec va trach nhiem, ke ca quan he dd'i ngoai va viec dd'i xU vdi td chinh tri Giai doan hpc t i p cud'i cung niy d "trUdng chinh tri" cua TUdng Kinh Qud'c ra't he trpng Tudng tin Ly, nhUng quan he gida hai ngudi v i n rat hinh thiic, vi Ly khdng thudc nhdm ngUPi Dai lud than tin cua Tudng Luc Tudng Kinh Qudc tdf tran, nhieu ngudi gidi c i m quyen ngUdi gd'c Dai luc san sang de Ly Dang Huy lam tdng thd'ng phd hdp vdi hien phap, nhUng hp mud'n gat dng ngoai ve chinh tri Tien le cua viec dd la, sau Tudng Gidi Thach qua dpi 5/4/1975, Phd Tdng thd'ng Nghiem Gia Kham dUdc dUa len lam tdng thd'ng, nhUng thu tudng luc dd la Tudng Kinh Qud'c dUpc cii lam chu tich Qud'c dan dang Trong thdi gian c i m quyen cdn lai cua Tong thdng Nghiem Gia Kham, quyen liic d CHAU MY NGAY NA Y SO 07-2009 Dai Loan thiic sii n i m tay T u d n g Kinh Qudc T r a n h l u a n nd r a dd dpi trdng hai t u i n le trUdc b a n ThUdng vu T r u n g Udng Qud'c d a n d i n g cU Ly D a n g Huy lam quyen chu tich dang 27/1/1988 Ly trd t h a n h chu tich chinh thdc cua d i n g 8/7/1988 tai Dai hpi t h d 13 Qud'c d a n dang, tdc g i n sau t h i n g sau TUPng Kinh Qudc t d t r i n Ly tdng thd'ng n h a n h chdng dUa n h i e u ngUdi gd'c D i i Loan vao c i c chdc vu chu chd't Mac dd ngUdi sinh trUdng P Dai Ldan chie'm 85% d a n sd' hdn d i e , nhUng mai den Ly D a n g Huy len l i m Tong thd'ng v i Chu tich Qud'c d a n d a n g thi hp mdi chiem da so' chdc vu ndi c i c va ban ThUdng vu T r u n g Udng cua dang N h u t h e I i Ly D a n g Huy gap nhieu t h u a n ldi t r e n cen dudng sii nghiep Hpc t a p c i d N h a t B i n va Hda Ky, thdat tien dng lam mdt n h a chuyen mdn ndng nghiep Dupc ci'p cao n h a t dd d i u , dng t h a n g tien c i chinh quyen v i dang Luc ngUdi dd dau qua ddi, dng sd d u n g liic lifdng h i u t h u i n va sU kheo leo chinh tri de trd t h i n h chu tich d a n g va tdng thd'ng Td chdc vu lanh dao cao nha't, Ly lap tdc thiic hien dan chu hda, nhUng khdng t h i n h cdng viec thiet lap mpt qud'c gia Dai Loan ddc lap hi T r u n g Hoa dai luc v i Hoa Ky p h i n dd'i -65 vu lUc thi dng cd n h d n g budc di mdi Ong t u y e n bd' m a n h dan hdn nhieu td thdi gid chdc tdng thdng va p h i n d n g cua Dai luc ciing gay g i t hdn Ngay 1/10/1990 mpt Hpi ddng Thd'ng nha't Quo'c gia (quo'c gia thd'ng nha't uy vien hdi) dupc t h i n h lap tai p h u tdng thd'ng, va 23/2/1991 hpi ddng thdng qua mdt van kien gpi I i CUPng linh Tho'ng nha't Qudc gia (qud'c gia thd'ng n h a t cUPng linh) Nguyen tac dau tien cua cUdng linh ndi r i n g "ca Dai luc v i Dai Loan deu la l a n h thd cua T r u n g Hoa", nhUng nguyen tac t h d tU lai ndi t h e m "viec thd'ng n h a t cua T r u n g Hoa, thdi gian va phUdng p h i p thd'ng nha't, trUdc het phai ten trpng quyen cua n h i n d i n k h u viic D i i Lean, Hdn nda p h i i tdn trpng an ninh va h a n h phdc cda hp Thdng nha't p h i i dUdc thiic hien d i n d i n t d n g giai dean thee cic nguyen t i c hdp ly, hda binh, binh dang va c6 di cd lai" Trong t i n h hinh dien bien n h u vay, mdt cupc d i m p h i n dUpc td chdc tai Singapore td 27 den 29/4/1993 gida Udng Dao H i m , dai dien cho T r u n g Qud'c, va Cd Tran Phu, thay m a t Dai Loan, dat dUdc bdn thda t h u a n NhUng mdt sii kien d i n g tie'c xay r a n g i y 31/3/1994 da lam che q u i t r i n h b i n bac de thd'ng n h a t dat nUdc bi m a t d i Thdi gian d i u tien Ly Dang Huy d cUdng vi tdng thd'ng D i i Loan, dng da Ly D a n g H u y vdi y tifd^ng ve tuyen bd' r i n g T r u n g Hoa D i n qudc v i mot ban s a c Dai Loan mdi Cong hda N h a n dan T r u n g Hoa Ii hai Nhieu n h a q u a n s i t tai Dai Loan thiic the rieng re va binh d i n g , phai cdng n h u P My tin r i n g Ly D a n g Huy thd'ng n h a t d mdt tUdng lai nao dd, ddng gdp nhieu cho viec d a n chu hda nhUng T r u n g Qud'c phai dan chu h6a Dai Loan, nhUng it ngifdi nhi't tri ve trUdc thdng nhi't Ong khdng dUa vai trd cua dng viec tao mpt mpt thdi gian bieu cu the nao de ban s i c Dai Loan mdi N h d n g n a m thiic hien sii thdng nha't vi dng khong d i u tien lam tdng thd'ng, Ly t h i n mud'n t u r a n g bupc v i o mpt q u i trinh trpng ve van de nay, nhUng dac biet cd' dinh khien khdng cdn chd ddi phd sau T r u n g Qud'c de dpa sU dung vdi tinh the mdi Ly D a n g Huy ddng y 56 SO 07-2009 thd'ng nhat de khdng bi cdng kich vi da khudc tif y nguyen cua nhan dan ca hai bd eo bien Dai Loan, nhUng chien lUpc "di dan d i n tiing budc" cho phep dng linh hoat va thay ddi y kien cin thiet Td den 16/2/1994, dip tet Nguyen din, Ly Dang Huy "di nghi" P Philippines, Indonesia va Thai Lan, va da hpi dam vdi cac nguyen thu qud'c gia nhdng nUdc nhU Fidel Ramos, Suharto va Nha vua Bhumibol, dng chi dUdc Tdng thd'ng Philippines tiep khdng chinh thdc tai vinh Subic chd khdng phai P thu dd Manila, dUpc Tong thd'ng Indonesia ddn chao tai d i e Bali chd khdng phai d thu dd Jakarta Chuyen di n i y dUpc thiic hien sau Dai Lean thi hanh chu trUPng "di ve phia Nam" t h i n g 12/1993 Treng hai nam 1994 va 1995, cac khoan d i u tu cua Dai Loan P Ddng Nam A trd ngudn dau tU ldn nhi't cua nUdc ngoai khu viic^ Ly Dang Huy trieu t i p mpt cupc hpp bio sau ve Dai Loan Thoat diu, dng ndi r i n g minh thudng dUpc gpi la "Tien si Ly" hay "Giio sU Ly" tai cac budi tiec chieu dai Tra ldi cau hdi cua mpt nha bao, dng hdi lai rang neu dupc gpi la "Ngai Tdng- thdng Trung Hoa Dan qud'c" lieu cd "tdn nghiem" (zunyan) hdn khdng Ong cung ndi ve vi the ciia Dai Loan: Nhu mpi ngUdi deu biet, Trung Hea Dan qud'c P Dai Loan phai phit trien, Ta cd the ndi r i n g Trung Hoa Dan qud'c la mpt qud'c gia (guojia) cua mpt Trung Hoa hi chia cit Nhan dan toan the gidi phai hieu rang chi cd mdt nUdc Trung Hoa Day la mpt muc tieu chung ta se dat tdi "tUdng lai NhUng tinh hinh hien la chia cat - mpt qudc gia bi chia cit Trong tinh the sii cai tri bi chia cat, chung ta phai cd chieu hudng CHAU MY NGAY NAY phat trien cua rieng minh, Khi nio Trung Qud'c tUdng lai thiic sU mud'n thd'ng nha't, thi se cd mdt ket qua ldn hdn nhieu, Ngay 30/3/1994, Ly Dang Huy cd mpt cupc hpi kien quan trpng vdi nha van Shiba Ryotaro ndi tieng cua Nhat Ban, Ong gpi Qud'c dan dang la "mpt che dp den Dai Loan tii ben ngoai" (ngoai lai chinh quyen): "Xua kia, nhdng ngUdi kiem soat Dai Loan deu td ngoii tdi Qud'c dan dang cung Ii mpt che dp tif ngoii tdi D i y chi Ii mpt dang den cai tri ngUdi Dai Loan Bdi vay, cin phai bien nd mdt Qud'c dan dang cua ngUPi Dai Loan", Ong nha'n manh sii c i n thiet phai dung tieng Dai Loan, Tuy vay, Ly Dang Huy van than trpng, Dau t h i n g 8/1994, dng ndi vdi mpt td chdc cua nhdng ngUdi Dai Loan ddi dpc lap rang "ten chung ta la Trung Hoa Dan qud'c va, bay gid, Trung Hoa Dan qudc la Dai Loan, Chung ta chang cin ban ve thay ddi ten nUdc nhiem ky cua tdi"^, Ong yeu cau mpi ngUdi "ban van de td td, suy nghi ky va nhin mdt chut nda ve tUPng lai" NhUng du than trpng the nao, y kien cua dng ve "Dai Loan ddc lip" va viec thay ddi ten nUdc cung khdng dUdc My ddng tinh NgUdi My mud'n gid nguyen trang nhU hien nay, khdng mud'n gay rae rd'i vdi Dai luc Hp td y khdng tan chu trUPng cua Ly Dang Huy mudn lap mpt nudc "Dai Loan dpc lap", mac du cho biet se khdng khoanh tay ddng nhin neu Trung Qud'c dai luc dung vu liic tan cdng hdn d i e nay, Ngiy 8/4/1995, Ly Dang Huy ndi chuyen vdi Hpi ddng Thd'ng nha't Qud'c gia, dUa mpt so' de nghi "hy vpng binh thudng hda quan he song phupng" Theo dng, dieu quan trpng nha't la "viec thd'ng nha't Trung Qud'c CHAU MY NGAY NA Y SO 07-2009 phai can cd tren thiic te I i hai ben dupc cai q u i n bdi hai chinh phu khdng he le thupc nhau" T h a t la lung dng keu gpi tang cudng "quan he song phUdng diia tren nen van hda Trung Hoa" vi "van hda T r u n g Hoa, ndi tieng bao q u i t va sau sic, da la niem t u hao va sii n a n g dd tinh t h a n cua mpi ngUdi Trung Qud'c" Ly keu gpi "bae dam chd ca hai ben deu gia n h a p cic td chdc qud'c te tren cd sd binh d i n g , va lanh dad cua hai ben gap n h a u mpt k h u n g c i n h tu nhien", Ldi keu gpi de khdng dupc My ung hp, Mac du n h d n g n a m gan d i y , Ly D a n g H u y ndi r a n g dng cd y tUdng ve Dai L e a n ddc lap tii luc trd t h i n h tdng thd'ng, nhUng dng ri't t h a n trpng thdi gian d i u , Sd di dng t h a n trpng n h u vay vi vi'p phai the liic n h d n g ngUdi gd'c Dai luc gidi c i m quyen Dai Loan Tuy nhien, ta cd the suy doan r a n g mpt p h i n ly de Ly t h a y ddi y kien I i dng thudng xuyen bi Dai luc p h a n b i c , v i khdng dupc My t i n t h a n h ngUdi My da tuyen bd' chi cdng n h i n Cong hda N h a n dan T r u n g Hoa I i dai dien hdp p h i p cua T r u n g Qud'c, N a m 1995, Ly D a n g Huy sang t h a m Hoa Ky, van de cap thi thiic n h i p c a n h cho dng khien n h a c i m quyen My khd xd Trong Bp Ngoai giao Hoa Ky bao d a m vdi T r u n g Qudc r i n g hp se k h d n g cho phep dng n h i p canh, thi Qud'c hpi lai t h d n g qua mpt nghi quyet yeu c i u ci'p thi thiic cho dng Cud'i cdng, Tdng thd'ng Clinton nhUdng hp y kien cua Qud'c hpi, khien T r u n g Qud'c p h i n no Tai t r u d n g Dai hpc Cornell, nPi hpc cd cua dng, Ly Dang Huy chi ndi den q u i t r i n h dan chu hda d Dai Loan v i "quan he t r u y e n thdng mit^ thiet" gida Dai Loan vdi Hoa Ky Ong ndi ri't it den T r u n g Qud'c ma chi mong tien tdi mpt 57 thdi ky mdi canh t r a n h hda binh d ee bien D i i Loan D i p lai, T r u n g Qudc phe p h i n Ly r a t gay gat, v i chuyen td thai dp "dn hda" sang mpt "dUdng loi cdng r i n " dd'i vdi hon dao , It lau sau, t h i n g 8/1955 Ly Dang Huy b a t d i u nhi'n m a n h "y thdc D i i Loan", dng dUpc Qudc dan dang dUa r a t r a n h cd cupc b i n tdng thd'ng n a m 1996: "Trong thdng b i o quyet dinh cua tdi t r a n h cd toi n h a n m a n h y thdc Dai Loan l i n d i u tien Toi c i m t h a y n h i n dan Dai Loan p h i i thiic sii cd chu quyen trUdc hp CO the p h i t trien long mong mudn t u v i x i y diing tUOng lai cda hp" Sau day, dng ndi: Mpi ngUdi deu biet D i i Lean la mdt xa hpi dan n h a p cU T r d cic ddng b i d b i n dia d thdi ky d i u tien, ceh thi h i u het tif T r u n g Qud'c den treng n h d n g thdi ky lich sU k h i c n h a u Ngay du cd sii khac n h a u gida den trUdc va den sau, sinh tai d i y hay ldn len tai day, m a n h da't td xa xifa da dUdc tudi bang md hdi v i m i u cda nhieu the he, tae sii phdn vinh n g i y Chi can n h d n g ngUdi gan minh vdi van menh cua D i i Loan v i thdng c i m vdi Dai Loan, n h d n g ngUdi mud'n nd liic va dau t r a n h chd D i i Loan, chinh di'y la ngUdi D i i Ldan K h i i niem "ngUdi Dai Loan mdi" cung difdc dng sU dung de ung hp Ma Anh CUu t r a n h cU chdc thi trUdng Dai B i c n a m 1998 Rd rang Ly Dang Huy da thay ddi dudng Id'i Dd dng bao gid cung cd y tudng n i y nhUng bupc phai de cap van de mpt cich can than, n h u dng tdng ndi cudi nam 2004, vi e de the lUc nhdng ngUdi gdc Dai luc gidi c i m quyen ldc dng trd t h a n h tdng thdng, du cudi cung dng tin rang Dai luc se khdng bao gid ndi chuyen vdi dng, hay dd de cao ban sac Dai Loan se cd lpi cupc 58 SO 07-2009 biu cU, thi ro rang Ly Dang Huy da di theo mpt hudng khac T h i n g 9/1995, Ly Dang Huy lai cdng khai ndi ve Dai Loan hda: "Chu tich Qud'c dan dang la ngUdi Dii Loan, Tdng thu ky dang la ngUdi Dai Loan, TrUdng Ban To chdc cua dang cung la dan Dai Loan Qud'c dan dang td lau da Dai Loan hda Phai gpi dang la Qud'c dan dang Dai Loan mdi dung"" Mpt ngUdi den tham tru sd trung Udng Qud'c dan dang ldc dd ngac nhien tha'y lanh dae, can bd va thu ky deu ndi chuyen vdi b i n g tieng Dai Loan, chd khdng gid'ng Qud'c dan dang thdi ky TUdng va thdi ky Lien Chien Ly Dang Huy khdng dac biet neu bat vi the Dai Loan cupc b i u cU qud'c hpi t h i n g 12/1995 v i cupc b i u cU tdng thd'ng t h i n g 3/1996 Cic cupc thii ten Ida cua Trung Qud'c cung nhu sii de dpa bang quan sii da cd tac dpng den hai cupc b i u cU Trong phan d i u bii dien van nham chdc 20/5/1996, dng ndi tdi quan he d eo bien Dai Loan: "Dan tdc Trung Hoa trai qua 5.000 nam ma khdng suy sup vi da tri va phat trien nen van hda tuyet vdi cua hp" NhUng van minh phUPng Tay t i n cdng vdn hda Trung Hoa giuta the ky 19, khien dan tpc suy yeu Ly Dang Huy "hy vpng ddng bao d Dai Ldan cd the xay diing mpt nen van hda sinh dpng mdi tren nen tang truyen thd'ng van hda rpng ldn cua dan tpc ta ket hdp vdi tinh hda van hda phUdng Tay de tao mpt nen van hda Trung Hoa mdi"° Ong ndi rang: "Van hda Dai Loan chdng nhdng gid dUpc truyen thd'ng van hda cua nd, ma cdn tiep xuc rpng rai vdi nen dan chu, khoa hpc va van hda xa hpi cdng nghiep va thUdng mai phifdng Tay" Vdi tieu chuin giid due cad cua nd - cao hdn cac ndi khac d CHAU MY NGAY NAY Trung Qudc nhieu - nd cd the dam dUdng trach nhiem nang ne xay diing nen van hda mdi nay*^ Theo ldi Ly Dang Huy, he tU tUPng khac nhau, lich sU da tao mpt bi kich "ngUPi Trung Qud'c danh ngUdi Trung Qud'c" Ong de nghi tao mpt tinh the mdi "ngUdi Trung Qud'c giup ngUdi Trung Qud'c", nhUng dng phan nan r i n g Dai luc Trung Qud'c trUdc sau van td chdi cdng n h i n Trung Hoa Dan qud'c, va Hoa Ky ciing khdng ung hp Dai Loan ly khai Ong ndi r i n g Trung Qud'c td nam ngoai da lien tiep "vu cao tdi, nhUng tdi chiu diing ndi nhuc de hoan mpt nhiem vu quan trpng v i khdng d i p lai Sii vu cao se chdng giai quyet dUdc nhdng van de lich sU da tich lu.y treng 50 nam"^, Theo y Ly Dang Huy, Trung Qud'c da tap tran de t i c dpng den cupc bau cU tdng thd'ng dau tien "Chung ta se khdng thUPng lUdng bi de dpa, nhUng chung ta tuyet dd'i khdng sd thUdng lupng, Chung ta tin rang chi cd sii giao lUu gida hai ben mdi cd the thiic sii giai quyet cic van de qua eo bien", Ong ndi tiep: Ti't nhien Trung Hoa Dan quo'c la "mpt nude cd chu quyen" Ca hai bd eo bien deu khdng cd nhdng van de dan tpc (minzu) hay ban sac van hda Van de nha't la canh tranh gida cac che dp va cac Id'i sd'ng Trong 40 nam qua, yeu to' lich sU, ca hai bd eo bien deu duPc cai quan rieng re Day la met thiic te NhUng ca hai bd eo bien deu cd muc dich thd'ng nha't dan tpc Di'y cung la mpt thiic te^, Ly Dang Huy td y mud'n den Dai luc Trung Qud'c mpt "chuye'n di hda binh", va mud'n gap cac nha lanh dao cao nha't cua Trung Qud'c de trao ddi y kien, Ngay 14/9/1966, dng tuyen bd chinh sich "tranh vdi va hay kien n h i n " dd'i vdi Trung Qud'c CHAU MY NGAY NAY SO 07-2009 n h d n g linh viic "cdng nghe cao, d i u tU q u i 50 trieu ddla, v i cd sd t i n g cd ban" Ong mudn kim viec d i u tU lai de gid vd'n va lpi t h e tUPng dd'i sd'ng cdn cua D i i Loan Tai Hpi nghi P h i t trien Qudc gia t h i n g 12/1996, dng dat dupc sii ddng t h u a n cua ba d i n g ve chinh s i c h eo bien Dai Loan cung n h u ve n h d n g t h a y ddi chu yeu hien p h i p dupc thdng qua ldc dd T h i n g 10/1988, cupc gap l i n t h d hai gida Udng Dao H i m , dai dien cho T r u n g Qud'c, va Cd T r a n P h u , thay m a t Dai Loan, dupc td chdc tai Bac Kinh, Ong Ly D a n g H u y yeu c i u Cd T r i n P h u n h i n m a n h h a i n h a n to', "binh d a n g gida h a i bd eo bien" va "dan chu hda Dai Loan", Cupc hpi dam dien r a ri't lich sU nhUng chang d a t dUpc ket qua n i o , Trong cupc b i u cd thi trUPng D i i B i c 5/12/1998, Ma Anh Cdu dupc Qud'c dan d a n g gidi thieu t r a n h cU vdi thi trUdng dUdng nhiem la T r a n Thuy Bien, K h i c vdi T r i n Thuy Bien, dng Ma Anh Cdu la ngUdi gdc Dai luc, n g h e ldi k h u y e n cua Ly Dang Huy r a d n g cU vdi tU cich "ngUdi Dai Ldan mdi", Ong ndi: "Tdi dUdc nudi dUdng d Dai Ldan, va dUpc nudi b i n g t h d c a n cua D i i Lean, Tdi yeu D i i Lean, Tdi I i ngUdi D i i Ldan mdi" Vdi de t i i t r a n h cd dd Ma d i d i n h bai T r i n T h u y Bien, ngUdi sau trd t h i n h tdng thd'ng n a m 2000, Trong cud'n sach Ung hd Ddi Loan, xua't b a n n a m 1999 vao cud'i nhiem ky tdng thd'ng, Ly trd lai n h i e u de t i i trUdc Trong cupc hdi kien vdi n h a van Shiba cua N h a t Ban n a m 1994, Ly Dang Huy ndi r a n g m i n h "dau budn sinh la ngUdi Dai Ldan", Bay gid dng lai ndi r i n g , sinh t r e n di't Dai Lean Ii dieu " h a n h phdc", vi D i i Loan c h i n g n h d n g cd h i u tuyet vdi v i da't dai phi nhieu, ma cdn cd k h a n a n g 59 thuc d i y sii p h i t trien mdt che dp xa hpi da v a n hda Tra ldi cau hdi: "Gan vdi van menh D i i Loan nghia la gi'?" Ly ndi r i n g dieu q u a n trpng n h a t Ii "yeu Dai Loan" Theo l i p luan cda dng, thi " b i n sac Dai Loan" khdng c i n p h i i r i n g bupc vdi "dpc lap cua D i i Loan", nhUng cd t h e la "Dai Loan Trung Hoa D i n qud'c" thiic dung hoac "Trung Hoa Dan qud'c cua Dai Loan", Ong noi rang, dng d u n g t d ngd "Trung Hoa Dan qudc P D i i Loan" de chi rd Trung Hoa D a n qud'c chi cai quan D i i Loan, B a n h Hd, Kim Mdn va Ma To chd khdng phai Dai luc T r u n g Quo'c Ly Dang Huy ket luan: "NhUng toi tin r a n g Dai Loan phai bUdc vdng c h a c dieu quan trpng nha't la Dai Loan phai CO b i n sac v i vi the qud'c te Xem xet van de toan bd T r u n g Qud'c'thi de ve sau" Cung cud'n s i c h do, Ly lap luan r a n g tUPng lai cua chau A giin bd vdi sii tdn tai D i i Loan, NhUng ong cung ndi rang, D i i Loan chang c i n tuyen bd' la " D i i Loan Dan quo'c", vi lam n h u t h e "se nguy hiem cho nen ddc lap cd chu quyen cda D i i loan v i , cud'i cdng, cho sU tdn tai Dai Loan", Di nhien n h d n g y tUPng se thay ddi nhieu sau Ly Dang Huy bet nhiem ky tdng tho'ng, Trong thdi gian dng l i m tdng thd'ng, cd le thay ddi cd y nghia nhat chd trUPng ve vi the D i i Loan da the hien d mpt cupc phdng van n g i y 7/7/1999, T r i ldi cau hdi t h d n h a t ve vi'n de "Dai Loan hi Chinh phu Bic Kinh coi Ii mpt tinh p h a n loan", Ly Dang Huy tuyen bd': "Nhdng diem sda ddi hien p h i p quy dinh quan he d ee bien la met quan he gida n h i nUdc vdi n h i nifdc, hay it nhi't mpt quan he dac biet gida n h i nUdc vdi n h i nUdc, chd khdng phii mdt quan he npi bp gida miit chinh phu 60 SO 07-2009 hpp phip vdi mdt nhdm phan loan, hoac gida mpt chinh phu trung Udng vdi mpt chinh quyen dia phUPng" Ldi tuyen bd' cua Ly l i p tile bi phan dng chang nhdng tai Bic Kinh ma ca d Dai Bic va Hoa Ky Trung Qud'c kich liet phan khang viec Ly Dang Huy mieu ta quan he d eo bien la quan he "nha nUdc vdi n h i nUdc dac biet", va huy bd chuyen tham Dai Loan cua Udng Dao Ham dii kien vio thing 10/1999 Tai Dai Loan, td Lien hdp bdo, cP quan ngdn luan than Trung Qud'c nhi't cic bao chi ldn ciia Dai Loan, gpi ldi tuyen bd' cua Ly la "thuyet hai nUdc" (lUdng qud'c luan), Thoat dau chi Ii mpt ldi cdng kich Ly Ddng Huy, td ngd "ludng qud'c luan" bay gid n i m trdng ngd viing chinh tri cua Dii Ldan, dupc ca ngUPi ung hd lan ngUdi chd'ng dd'i dng sU dung, Trong mpt cupc phdng van 14/12/2004, Ly Dang Huy dUa nhieu chi tiet dang sau viec dng quyet dinh tuyen bd' nhu vay, Ong ndi rdng, thoat dau Udng Dao Ham dii kien den Dai Loan thing 4/1999, nhUng Bac Kinh hoan chuye'n di den thing 10, Ly sp dng Giang Trach Dan se thdng bao chuye'n tham Dai Loan cua Udng Dao H i m vio 1/10, ky niem lan thd 50 t h i n h lap nUde Cong hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa, mpt t h i n g lpi ldn cua cich mang Trung Qud'c, Nam 1999, nhieu ngUdi Dai Loan ban khoan ve "lUdng qud'c luan", Sau day, nhieu ngUdi lo ling Tong thd'ng Tran Thuy Bien tuyen bd tUPng tii 3/8/2002 r i n g "mdi nUdc d mpt ben" eo bien Dii Loan, Trong Ly Dang Huy van ddng i m i cho Lien Chien tranh cU tdng thd'ng ndm 2000, thi quan he gida dng vdi Qud'c dan dang xau di sau cupc bau cU, Nhieu ngUdi bieu tinh ben ngoai tru sd trung Udng Qud'c dan dang, sau that bai cupc bau cd, la nhdng ngUdi CHAU MY NGAY NAY ung hd Td'ng Sd Du chd khdng phai Lien Chien, nhUng sdc ep cua hp da gdp p h i n lam cho Ly tii chdc Chu tich Qud'c dan dang 24/3/2000 (gin hai t h i n g trUdc dng het nhiem ky tdng thd'ng) Tuy vay, sau dng khdng lam tdng thd'ng niia, dng v i n khdng thay ddi y kien, ' ;,, Ngay 12/8/2001, Lien minh Doan ket Dai Loan dUdc lap, Ly Ddng Huy trd "thu linh tinh thin" Ong phat bieu cupc hpp lap: Lien minh Doan ket Dai Loan dpi td muc dich doan ket Nd thuc day tu tudng D i i Loan hda (ban thd hda) Nd ket hdp sii tang cUdng ban sac dan tpc vdi sdc manh cua toan dan Lich sU 400 nam cua Dai Loan la mpt lich sd vi dai cac the he nhap cU hy sinh va dau tranh Du den trUdc hay den sau mdi ngUdi deu sd'ng va p h i t trien tren manh da't nay, Dai Loan, manh da't nay, la ngUdi me chung cua chiing ta G i n bd vdi van menh Dai Loan gid'ng nhu cam dn v i kinh trpng ba me cua chung ta Ba t h i n g sau, 14/11/2001, Ly tuyen bd' d budi hpp lap "Hpi ban cua Ly Ddng Huy" r i n g "Dai Loan la nUdc chung ta" Lo Idng cho Dai Loan, yeu men Dai Loan, bao ve Dai Loan la sd menh va trach nhiem chung cua chung ta" Tai mpt cupc tap hdp van dpng cho Lien minh Doan ket Dai Loan nam dd, hai trUdc cupc bau cU qud'c hpi, Ly Ddng Huy va vd la Tang Van Hue ndi mpt each xuc dpng ve than phan dan Dai Loan dudi che dp dpc tai cua Tudng Gidi Thach Ba Tang Van Hue, binh thudng ra't de dat cdng chung, bay gid so sanh dan Dai Loan vdi mpt dan ciiu khdng dam cat tieng ndi 50 ndm bi ap bdc Trong bai dii thao dien vdn 6/9/2003, Ly Dang Huy giai thich vi Dai Loan can phai dUdc gpi la Dai C H A U MY N G A Y N A Y SO 07-2009 Loan: "Ldc lim tdng thd'ng 12 nam tdi gap nhieu khd khdn va trd ngai viec thuc diy dan chu va tu Dieu dd khien tdi cam tha'y sau sic r i n g nUdc ta khdng phai la mpt nudc binh thudng, Rdi dng ndi tiep: Du d van de treng nUdc hay quan he dd'i ngoai, tdi cam thi'y sau sdc rang cic khd khdn tdi gap deu lien quan den ten nUdc, "Trung Hoa Dan qudc", khdng thiic te, Neu chdng ta mud'n giai quyet van de nay, chung ta phai bat d i u bdng viec sda ten Dii Loan cho dung, Chung ta phai lam cho qud'c gia Dii Loan va qud'c hieu cua nd an khdp vdi sii viec, Quan diem cua Ly Dang Huy bi du luan Hoa Ky cdng kich dii dpi, Cich day chUa lau, tdi ndi: "Khdng cd Trung Hoa Dan qud'c" Cau niy hi mpt so ngUPi chi trich, nhUng tdi khdng ndi bda bai, Tdi ndi ciu dd phd hpp vdi thiic te lich sd, TrUdc het, Trung Hoa Dan qud'c dUpc t h i n h lap nam 1912, nd khdng bao gdm Dii Loan ThU hai, Chien tranh the gidi thd hai bung nd, Trung Hoa Din quoc chiem ddng Dii Loan bdng quan sii ThU ba, lanh thd Trung Hoa Dan qud'c P luc dia bi Trung Cdng chiem sau nam 1949 Vi the thiic te, Trung Hoa Dan qudc khdng cd da't, chi cd ten Do di'y Ly Dang Huy keu gpi dat ten nUdc Ii "Dii Loan" Ket luan Diu nhdng ndm 1990, Qud'c dan dang bd nhiem nhieu ke giau cd va nhieu ten tpi pham vio chdc vu cao Mdt so'lanh dao dia phUdng bi i m sit, nhdng ngUdi khac hi bd tu hdac chay trdn nUdc ngdii Ong Ly Ddng Huy cd cdng dan chu hda phan nao xa hpi Dai Loan, cho ngUdi d i n sd'ng tren hdn did difdc quyen an ndi nhieu 61 hdn d thdi ky TUdng Gidi Thach va Tudng Kinh Qud'c NhUng ve lap trUdng dng mudn ly khai Dai Ldan mpt qud'c gia rieng re, thi cd nhieu y kien khong ddng tinh, ke ca Hoa Ky la nUdc vin bao trd hdn dao Ngay 7/7/1999, Ly Ddng Huy tuyen bd' quan he giiia hai bd ed bien Dai Lean Ii quan he "gida nha nudc vdi n h i nUdc heac it nha't Ii mpt quan he dac biet gida n h i nUdc vdi n h i nUdc" Ldi tuyen bd' n i y giy lo ngai d Dai Ldan, v i da trd ldi thdi tren hdn did Td Lien minh Dean ket Dai Lean dUpc lap ngiy 12/8/2001, ldc Ly Ddng Huy khdng cdn gid chdc tdng thd'ng, dng cang hdng h i i bid ve y kien ve met qud'c gia Dai Ldan rieng re Y kien niy da gay dau diu che ngUdi ke nhiem dng Ii Tran Thuy Bien Ngiy 1/3/2005, dng Trin Thuy Bien phii nei: "Trdng nhiem ky tdi lim tdng thd'ng, tdi khdng the thay ddi ten chinh thdc cda nifdc td Trung Hea Dan qudc t h i n h Dai Ldan Dan qudc Nguyen Tong thd'ng Ly Dang Huy cung khdng the lim dieu dd nhiem ky cua dng " Tdi lieu tham khdo: .-Xsian Survey, No.l (197,3) Modern China, vol 16 (1990) The China Quarterly (1989) The China Quarterly (2007) Chii thich: *) Nha Nghien ciiu 1) Lee Teng-hui, Creating the Future: Towards a New Era for the Chinese People (Taipei: Government Information Office, 1992) 2) Chen Jie, Foreign Policy of the New Taiwan, Pragmatic Diplomacy in Southeast Asia (Cheltenham: Edward Edgar, 2002) 3) China Quarterly, June 2007 4) Lin Yaosung, Ly Dang Huy va sU phan lap ciia Quoc dan dang (Taibei: Haixia xueshu, 2004) 5); 6); 7); 8) Tuye'n tap cac bai noi chuyen nSm 1966 cua Tong thong Ly Dang Huy (Taibei: Xinwenju, 1977) ... i n g bupc vdi "dpc lap cua D i i Loan" , nhUng cd t h e la "Dai Loan Trung Hoa D i n qud'c" thiic dung hoac "Trung Hoa Dan qud'c cua Dai Loan" , Ong noi rang, dng d u n g t d ngd "Trung Hoa Dan... hda Tra ldi cau hdi: "Gan vdi van menh D i i Loan nghia la gi' ?" Ly ndi r i n g dieu q u a n trpng n h a t Ii "yeu Dai Loan" Theo l i p luan cda dng, thi " b i n sac Dai Loan" khdng c i n p h i... v i chuyen td thai dp "dn hda" sang mpt "dUdng loi cdng r i n " dd'i vdi hon dao , It lau sau, t h i n g 8/1955 Ly Dang Huy b a t d i u nhi'n m a n h "y thdc D i i Loan" , dng dUpc Qudc dan dang