Thông tin tài liệu
K10865_cover 11/17/10 11:31 AM Page 1
Composite
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites
w w w.crc p r e s s . c o m
an informa business
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487
270 Madison Avenue
New York, NY 10016
2 Park Square, Milton Park
Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK
K10865
w w w . c r c p r e s s . c o m
Leng
•
Lau
Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites
The novel properties of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites make them useful
for a broad range of applications in fields as diverse as space exploration,
bioengineering, car manufacturing, and organic solar cell development, just to name
a few. Presenting an overview of polymer nanocomposites, how they compare with
traditional composites, and their increasing commercial importance,
Multifunctional
Polymer Nanocomposites
conveys the significance and various uses of this new
technology for a wide audience with different needs and levels of understanding.
Exploring definitions, architectures, applications, and fundamental principles of
various functions of multifunctional polymeric smart materials—from bulk to nano—
this book covers the use of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites in—
•carbon nanotubes
•electroactive and shape memory polymers
•magnetic polymers
•biomedical and bioinformation applications
•fire-resistance treatments
•coating technologies for aeronautical applications
•ocean engineering
A practical analysis of functional polymers, nanoscience, and technology, this book
integrates coverage of fundamentals, research and development, and the resulting
diversity of uses for multifunctional polymers and their nanocomposites. Quite
possibly the first reference of its kind to explore the progress of polymer nanocomposites
in terms of their multifunctionality, it covers both theory and experimental results
regarding the relationships between the effective properties of polymer composites
and those of polymer matrices and reinforcements.
This book is a powerful informational resource that illustrates the importance of
polymer nanomaterials, examining their applications in various sectors to promote
new, novel research and development in those areas. It will be a welcome addition
to the libraries of not only engineering researchers, but senior and graduate students
in relevant fields.
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Multifunctional
Polymer
Nanocomposites
Multifunctional
Polymer
Nanocomposites
Edited by
Jinsong Leng
Alan kin-tak Lau
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Boca Raton London New York
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4398-1683-7 (Ebook-PDF)
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and
publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication
and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any
copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any
future reprint.
Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced,
transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor-
age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers.
For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy-
right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222
Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro-
vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho-
tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
http://www.taylorandfrancis.com
and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
v
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Contents
Preface vii
About the Editors xi
Contributors xiii
1. Introduction 1
Jinsong Leng, Jianjun Li, and Alan kin-tak Lau
2. Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Nanocomposites 19
Alan kin-tak Lau
3. Multifunctional Polymeric Smart Materials 47
Jinsong Leng, Xin Lan, Yanju Liu, and Shanyi Du
4. Magnetic Polymer Nanocomposites: Fabrication, Processing,
Property Analysis, and Applications 135
Suying Wei, Jiahua Zhu, Pallavi Mavinakuli, and Zhanhu Guo
5. Carbon-Nanotube-Based Composites and Damage Sensing 159
Chunyu Li, Erik T. Thostenson, and Tsu-Wei Chou
6. Natural Fiber Composites in Biomedical and Bioengineering
Applications 283
Karen Hoi-yan Cheung
7. Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites 309
Jihua Gou and Yong Tang
8. Polyurethane Nanocomposite Coatings for Aeronautical
Applications 337
Hua-Xin Peng
9. Surface Modication of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) for
Composites 389
Joong Hee Lee, Nam Hoon Kim, N. Satheesh Kumar, and Basavarajaiah
Siddaramaiah
10. Ocean Engineering Application of Nanocomposites 423
Yansheng Yin and Xueting Chang
vii
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Preface
A nanocomposite is a multiphase solid material in which one of the phases
has one, two, or three dimensions smaller than 100 nanometers, or structures
having nano-scale repeat distances between the different phases that make
up the material (Nanocomposite Science and Technology, Wiley, 2003). Nano
inorganic or organic powders or lms with special physical properties are
combined with polymers to form polymer nanocomposites whose physical
properties and mechanical performance differ from those of the component
materials signicantly. A primary purpose of producing polymer nanocom-
posites is to impart the composites with multifunctional properties. There
has been a rapid development of multifunctional polymer nanocompos-
ites and a number of achievements have been reported. Due to their novel
properties, multifunctional polymer nanocomposites can be used in a broad
range of applications from outer space to automobiles, and to address chal-
lenges in organic solar cells, and biological technologies.
The book is aimed at audiences at different levels to provide a compre-
hensive discussion of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. Both the-
oretical work and experimental results on the relationships between the
effective properties of polymer composites and the properties of polymer
matrices and reinforcements are discussed. Chapter 1 presents the over-
view of the development from bulk to nano for academics and industries,
the importance of understanding the role of the nano and multifunctional
polymer composites in denition, fabrication, design, nanotechnology, and
nano products, and the increasing trend of using nano and multifunctional
polymer composites.
Chapter 2 gives a comprehensive review on the structural properties of
nanotubes and their related polymer composites. Many key factors such as
dispersion, interfacial bonding characteristics, novel types of nanotubes in
relation to the resultant mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the
composites are discussed and analyzed through theoretical and computa-
tional studies. Chapter 3 provides some recent advances in multifunctional
polymeric smart materials, including electroactive polymers and shape mem-
ory polymers and their composites. A comprehensive discussion is devoted
to the denitions, architectures, applications, and fundamental principles of
various functions of multifunctional polymeric smart materials.
viii Preface
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
Chapter 4 reviews the development of magnetic polymer nanocomposites.
Their fabrication, processing, and physicochemical property analyses are
taken into account. The effect of magnetic oxide nanoparticles on the chemi-
cal polymerization of polymer matrices is investigated. The morphology
(size and shape) and other physicochemical properties of the polymer matrix
are signicantly inuenced by the magnetic oxide nanoparticles.
Chapter 5 focuses on the nanomechanics of carbon nanotubes and
modeling of carbon nanotube-based composites. This chapter introduces the
atomistic modeling technique, the modeling of electromechanical coupling
behaviors of carbon nanotubes, and the modeling of electrical conductiv-
ity of nanotube-based composites. Furthermore, the relevant experimental
studies are also introduced. Chapter 6 presents the development of conven-
tional biomaterials to the state-of-the-art biocomposites for biomedical and
bioengineering applications. The advantages and disadvantages of different
types of biomaterials, their material properties, structures, biodegradability
and biocompatibility to the host body, and applications of the biocomposites
are given. Chapter 7 provides the advances in synthesis, processing and test-
ing of condensed phase ame retardant polymer nanocomposites. The mor-
phologies, thermal stability, ammability, and char formation of polymer
composites coated with carbon nanopaper are studied. The re retardant
mechanism of carbon nanopaper is discussed.
Chapter 8 follows the nanomaterials through engineering to applications
and focuses on the recent development of polymer nanocomposites coatings
for aeronautical applications. This provides an informative account of the
challenges and opportunities for nanocomposite coatings in aeronautical
operations under conditions such as lightning strike, erosion, ice accretion,
and environmental corrosion. Chapter 9 describes the surface modication
of carbon nanotubes for composites, which includes chemical modica-
tion, substitution reaction, electrochemical modication, and photochemi-
cal modication. Chapter 10 describes the ocean engineering application
of nanocomposites, dealing with deformation, damage initiation, damage
growth, and failure and corrosion in nanopaticles.
Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites provides the reader with the latest
thinking on polymer nanocomposites by the scientists and researchers actu-
ally involved in their development. This book will be a useful reference not
only for engineering researchers, but also for senior and graduate students
in their relevant elds.
We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere gratitude to
all the contributors for their hard work in preparing and revising the chap-
ters. We also wish to thank and formally acknowledge all the members of our
Preface ix
© 2011 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
team, as well those who helped with the preparation of this book. Finally, we
are indebted to our families and friends for all their patience and support.
Jinsong Leng
Cheung Kong Scholars Professor, SPIE Fellow
Editor-in-Cheif: International Journal of Smart and Nano Materials
Centre for Composite Materials and Structures
Harbin Institute of Technology, PR China
Alan K. T. Lau
Professor and Executive Director
Centre of Excellence in Engineered Fibre Composites
Faculty of Engineering and Surveying
University of Southern Queensland
Australia
Department of Mechanical Engineering
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Hong Kong SAR China
[...]... ratio For example, reinforced polymer composite is used in the automotive industry to make automobiles lighter 1.5╇ Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites The purpose of producing polymer nanocomposites is to give the composite multifunctional properties, so nano inorganic or organic powders or films with special physical properties are combined with polymers to form polymer nanocomposites Long ago, people... and control the properties of polymer nanocomposites Experimental results have revealed that the reinforcement size and morphology of polymer and reinforcement play a very important role in determining the performance of polymer nanocomposites Also, the properties of polymer nanocomposites will depend on the nature of dispersion and aggregation of the reinforcements In the polymer composite, there exists... optimization of polymer composite formulations, optimization of polymer composite forming processes, improvement of polymer composites performance, and reduction of the cost 1.7╇ Future Trends There have been many achievements in the field of polymer nanocomposite technology We can easily see the potential for applications of polymer nanocomposites in the civil and military fields For example, polymer nanocomposites. .. their performance Carbon nanotube-reinforced nanocomposites, multifunctional polymeric smart materials, and new functional polymer nanocomposites are being explored for unusual behaviors in order to fulfill more than one task in automotive, biological, aerospace, marine, manufacturing, and defense technologies It is believed that multifunctional polymer nanocomposites will dominate our lives in future... know that the polymer composites with designed structures have the properties of a polymer matrix and inorganic or organic reinforcement In multifunctional polymer composites, the reinforcements impart their special mechanical, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties to the composite The polymer matrix holds the reinforcements and retains the properties of polymer; for example, polymer matrix... According to the type of matrix, nanocomposites can be classified into ceramic matrix nanocomposites, metal matrix nanocomposites, and polymer matrix nanocomposites In ceramic matrix nanocomposites, the main volume is occupied by ceramics including oxides, nitrides, borides, and silicides In most cases, a metal as the second component is combined into ceramic matrix nanocomposites Ideally, the metal... some novel multifunctional SMPs or nano SMP composites have also been proposed 1.6╇ Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposite It is a challenge to fabricate polymer matrix nanocomposites with good performance Several processing techniques including melt mixing and in situ polymerization have been applied in the laboratory Melt mixing as a method of dispersing carbon nanotubes into thermoplastic polymers... [22] In polymer chemistry, in situ means “in the polymerization mixture.” The in situ polymerization is an effective method applied to prepare polymer nanocomposite material In this method, the nanoreinforcement is fixed with a structure that is impregnated with a monomer and the monomer polymerized Usually, the monomer is very fluid and will not disturb the nanoreinforcement arrangement After polymerization,... CONTENTS 1.1 Overview 1 1.2 Classification of Nanomaterials and Nanostructure .2 1.3 Nanomaterials from Academia to Industry .4 1.4 Nanocomposites 6 1.5 Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites .7 1.6 Fabrication of Polymer Nanocomposite 14 1.7 Future Trends 17 References 17 1.1╇ Overview The nano era, similar to the mid-industrial... ways of introducing nanotubes into polymer matrices In the first case, commercially available master batches of nanotube or polymer composites are diluted by the pure polymer in a subsequent melt mixing process (master batch method), which means that the starting materials are already preformed polymer composites However, in the other case, nanotubes as reinforcement and polymer as matrix are used as the . r c p r e s s . c o m
Leng
•
Lau
Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites
The novel properties of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites make them useful
for. students
in relevant fields.
MATERIALS SCIENCE
Multifunctional
Polymer
Nanocomposites
Multifunctional
Polymer
Nanocomposites
Edited by
Jinsong Leng
Alan kin-tak
Ngày đăng: 21/02/2014, 18:20
Xem thêm: Tài liệu Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites docx, Tài liệu Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites docx