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THÔNG TIN TÀI LIỆU
Cấu trúc
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
About the Authors
Preface to the Fourth Edition
Notes to Instructors
Digital Resources and WileyPLUS
Postscript: Introduction to an Author
Nomenclature
Glossary of Chemical Process Terms
Contents
Part 1: Engineering Problem Analysis
Chapter 1: What Some Chemical Engineers Do for a Living
Chapter 2: Introduction to Engineering Calculations
2.0 Learning Objectives
2.1 Units and Dimensions
2.2 Conversion of Units
2.3 Systems of Units
2.4 Force and Weight
2.5 Numerical Calculation and Estimation
2.5a Scientific Notation, Significant Figures, and Precision
2.5b Validating Results
2.5c Estimation of Measured Values: Sample Mean
2.5d Sample Variance of Scattered Data
2.6 Dimensional Homogeneity and Dimensionless Quantities
2.7 Process Data Representation and Analysis
2.7a Two-Point Linear Interpolation
2.7b Fitting a Straight Line
2.7c Fitting Nonlinear Data
2.7d Logarithmic Coordinates
2.7e Fitting a Line to Scattered Data
2.8 Summary
Problems
Chapter 3: Processes and Process Variables
3.0 Learning Objectives
3.1 Mass and Volume
3.2 Flow Rate
3.2a Mass and Volumetric Flow Rate
3.2b Flow Rate Measurement
Creativity Exercise
3.3 Chemical Composition
3.3a Moles and Molecular Weight
3.3b Mass and Mole Fractions and Average Molecular Weight
3.3c Concentration
3.3d Parts per Million and Parts per Billion
3.4 Pressure
3.4a Fluid Pressure and Hydrostatic Head
3.4b Atmospheric Pressure, Absolute Pressure, and Gauge Pressure
3.4c Fluid Pressure Measurement
3.5 Temperature
3.6 Summary
Part 2: Material Balances
Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Material Balances
4.0 Learning Objectives
4.1 Process Classification
4.2 Balances
4.2a The General Balance Equation
4.2b Balances on Continuous Steady-State Processes
4.2c Integral Balances on Batch Processes
4.2d Integral Balances on Semibatch Processes
4.3 Material Balance Calculations
4.3a Flowcharts
4.3b Flowchart Scaling and Basis of Calculation
4.3c Balancing a Process
4.3d Degree-of-Freedom Analysis
4.3e General Procedure for Single-Unit Process Material Balance Calculations
4.3f In Textbooks, Balances Usually Close; In Real Chemical Processes, Not So Much.
4.4 Balances on Multiple-Unit Processes
4.5 Recycle and Bypass
4.6 Chemical Reaction Stoichiometry
4.6a Stoichiometry
4.6b Limiting and Excess Reactants, Fractional Conversion, and Extent of Reaction
4.6c Chemical Equilibrium
4.6d Multiple Reactions, Yield, and Selectivity
4.7 Balances on Reactive Processes
4.7a Balances on Molecular and Atomic Species
4.7b Independent Equations, Independent Species, and Independent Reactions
4.7c Molecular Species Balances
4.7d Atomic Species Balances
4.7e Extent of Reaction
4.7f Product Separation and Recycle
4.7g Purging
4.8 Combustion Reactions
4.8a Combustion Chemistry
4.8b Theoretical and Excess Oxygen and Air
4.8c Material Balances on Combustion Reactors
4.9 Some Additional Considerations About Chemical Processes
4.10 Summary
Chapter 5: Single-Phase Systems
5.0 Learning Objectives
5.1 Liquid and Solid Densities
5.2 Ideal Gases
5.2a The Ideal-Gas Equation of State
5.2b Standard Temperature and Pressure
5.2c Ideal-Gas Mixtures
5.3 Equations of State for Nonideal Gases
5.3a Critical Temperature and Pressure
5.3b Virial Equations of State
5.3c Cubic Equations of State
5.4 The Compressibility-Factor Equation of State
5.4a Nonideal-Gas Mixtures
5.5 Summary
Chapter 6: Multiphase Systems
6.0 Learning Objectives
6.1 Single-Component Phase Equilibrium
6.1a Phase Diagrams
6.1b Estimation of Vapor Pressures
6.2 The Gibbs Phase Rule
6.3 Gas-Liquid Systems: One Condensable Component
6.4 Multicomponent Gas--Liquid Systems
6.4a Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Data
6.4b Raoult's Law and Henry's Law
6.4c Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations for Solutions That Obey Raoult's Law
6.4d Graphical Representations of Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
6.5 Solutions of Solids in Liquids
6.5a Solubility and Saturation
6.5b Solid Solubilities and Hydrated Salts
6.5c Colligative Solution Properties
6.6 Equilibrium between Two Liquid Phases
6.6a Miscibility and Distribution Coefficients
6.6b Phase Diagrams for Partially Miscible Ternary Systems
6.7 Adsorption on Solid Surfaces
6.8 Summary
Part 3: Energy Balances
Chapter 7. Energy and Energy Balances
7.0 Learning Objectives
7.1 Forms of Energy: the First Law of Thermodynamics
7.2 Kinetic and Potential Energy
7.3 Energy Balances on Closed Systems
7.4 Energy Balances on Open Systems At Steady State
7.4a Flow Work and Shaft Work
7.4b Specific Properties and Enthalpy
7.4c The Steady-State Open-System Energy Balance
7.5 Tables of Thermodynamic Data
7.5a Reference States and State Properties
7.5b Steam Tables
7.6 Energy Balance Procedures
7.7 Mechanical Energy Balances
7.8 Summary
Chapter 8: Balances on Nonreactive Processes
8.0 Learning Objectives
8.1 Elements of Energy Balance Calculations
8.1a Reference States-A Review
8.1b Hypothetical Process Paths
8.1c Procedure for Energy Balance Calculations
8.2 Changes in Pressure At Constant Temperature
8.3 Changes in Temperature
8.3a Sensible Heat and Heat Capacities
8.3b Heat Capacity Formulas
8.3c Estimation of Heat Capacities
8.3d Energy Balances on Single-Phase Systems
8.3e Numerical Integration of Tabulated Heat Capacities
8.4 Phase-Change Operations
8.4a Latent Heats
8.4b Estimation and Correlation of Latent Heats
8.4c Energy Balances on Processes Involving Phase Changes
8.4d Psychrometric Charts
8.4e Adiabatic Cooling
8.5 Mixing and Solution
8.5a Heats of Solution and Mixing
8.5b Balances on Dissolution and Mixing Processes
8.5c Enthalpy-Concentration Charts-Single Liquid Phase
8.5d Using Enthalpy-Concentration Charts for Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations
8.6 Summary
Chapter 9: Balances on Reactive Processes
9.0 Learning Objectives
9.1 Heats of Reaction
9.2 Measurement and Calculation of Heats of Reaction: Hess'S Law
9.3 Formation Reactions and Heats of Formation
9.4 Heats of Combustion
9.5 Energy Balances on Reactive Processes
9.5a General Procedures
9.5b Processes with Known Heat Inputs: Adiabatic Reactors
9.5c Thermochemistry of Solutions8
9.6 Fuels and Combustion
9.6a Fuels and Their Properties
9.6b Adiabatic Flame Temperature
9.6c Flammability and Ignition
9.6d Flames and Detonations
9.7 Summary
Chapter 10: Balances on Transient Processes
10.0 Learning Objectives
10.1 The General Balance Equation...Again
10.1a Differential Balances
10.1b A Brief Look Back at Integral Balances
10.2 Material Balances
10.2a Total Mass Balances
10.2b A Brief Look Back at Calculus
10.2c Balances on Single Well-Mixed Process Units
10.3 Energy Balances on Single-Phase Nonreactive Processes
10.4 Simultaneous Transient Balances
10.5 Summary
Appendix A: Computational Techniques
Appendix A.1 The Method of Least Squares
Appendix A.2 Iterative Solution of Nonlinear Algebraic Equations
A.2a Linear and Nonlinear Equations
A.2b Graphical Solution
A.2c Spreadsheet Solution
A.2d Regula-falsi Method
A.2e Newton's Rule
A.2f Successive Substitution and Modified Successive Substitution
A.2g Wegstein Algorithm
A.2h Convergence Criteria
A.2i Multivariable Root-Finding Algorithms
Appendix A.3 Numerical Integration
A.3a Quadrature
A.3b The Trapezoidal Rule
A.3c Simpson's Rule
A.3d Numerical Integration of Analytical Functions
Appendix B: Physical Property Tables
B.1 Selected Physical Property Data
B.2 Heat Capacities
B.3 Vapor Pressure of Water
B.4 Antoine Equation Constants
B.5 Properties of Saturated Steam: Temperature Table
B.6 Properties of Saturated Steam: Pressure Table
B.7 Properties of Superheated Steam
B.8 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: SI Units
B.9 Specific Enthalpies of Selected Gases: U.S. Customary Units
B.10 Atomic Heat Capacities for Kopp’s Rule
B.11 Integral Heats of Solution and Mixing at 25°C
Answers to Test Yourselves
Answers to Selected Problems
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Index
End User License Agreement
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