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Australia, its history and present condition, by William Pridden This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Australia, its history and present condition containing an account both of the bush and of the colonies, with their respective inhabitants Author: William Pridden Release Date: December 5, 2009 [EBook #30607] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AUSTRALIA HISTORY, CONDITION *** Produced by Nick Wall, Anne Storer, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) Transcriber's Notes: 1) Morrumbidgee/Murrumbidgee each used on several occasions and left as in the original. 'Morrumbidgee' is the aboriginal name for the Murrumbidgee. 2) Used on numerous occasions, civilisation/civilization; civilised/civilized; civilising/civilizing; uncivilised/uncivilized: left as in the original. Australia, its history and present condition, by 1 3) Same with variations of colonisation/colonization, and a few other "z" words that should be "s" words in their English form. * * * * * The Englishman's Library. XXVI. AUSTRALIA, ITS HISTORY AND PRESENT CONDITION; CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT BOTH OF THE BUSH AND OF THE COLONIES, WITH THEIR RESPECTIVE INHABITANTS. BY THE REV. W. PRIDDEN, M.A. VICAR OF BROXTED, ESSEX. "Truth, in her native calmness and becoming moderation, shall be the object of our homage and pursuit; and we will aim at the attainment of knowledge for the improvement of our reason, and not for the gratification of a passion for disputing." Address of the Bp of Australia in 1841 to the Church of England Book Society. LONDON: JAMES BURNS, 17, PORTMAN STREET, PORTMAN SQUARE. 1843. LONDON: PRINTED BY R. CLAY, BREAD STREET HILL. * * * * * [Illustration: Map of Australia] PREFACE. A few words by way of Preface are requisite, in order that the objects of the present Work may be stated to the reader, and that he may also be made acquainted with the sources whence the information here communicated is derived, and from consulting which he may still further inform himself concerning Australia. The aim of the writer of the following pages has been, while furnishing a description of some of the most flourishing and interesting settlements belonging to the British Crown, which, at the same time, exhibit in contrast to each other the two extremes of savage and civilised life; to call the attention of his countrymen, both at home and in the colonies, to the evils which have arisen from the absence of moral restraint and religious instruction in colonies of civilised and (nominally) christian men. And although it must in many ways be a disadvantage that the person professing to describe a particular country should have gained all his knowledge of it from the report of others, without ever having himself set foot upon its shores; yet, in one respect at least, this may operate advantageously. He is less likely to have party prejudices or private interests to serve in his account of the land to which he is a total stranger. In consequence, probably, of his being an indifferent and impartial observer, not one of our Australian colonies wears in his eye the appearance of a perfect paradise; but then, on the other hand, there is not one of those fine settlements which prejudice urges him to condemn, as though it were barren and dreary as the Great Sahara itself. And the same circumstance his never having breathed the close unwholesome air of colonial party-politics will render it less likely that his judgment respecting persons and disputed opinions should be unduly biassed. There will be more probability of his judging upon right principles, and although his facts may (in some instances, unavoidably) be less minutely accurate than an inhabitant of the country would have given, yet they may be less coloured and less partially stated. Instead of giving his own observations as an eye-witness, fraught with his own particular views, he can calmly weigh the opposite statements of men of different opinions, and between the two he is more likely to arrive at the truth. With regard to the present Work, however impartial the author has endeavoured to be, however free he may Australia, its history and present condition, by 2 be from colonial passions and interests, he does not wish to deceive the reader by professing a total freedom from all prejudice. If this were desirable, it is impossible; it is a qualification which no writer, or reader either, possesses. But thus much may be stated, that all his prejudices are in favour of those institutions with which it has pleased God to bless his native land. In a volume that is intended to form part of a series called "The Englishman's Library," it may be permitted, surely, to acknowledge a strong and influencing attachment to the Sovereign, the Church, and the Constitution of England. The object and principles of the present volume being thus plainly set forth, it remains only to mention some of the sources whence the information contained in it is derived. To the Travels of Captain Grey on the western coast of New Holland, and to those of Major Mitchell in the interior, the first portion of this Work is deeply indebted, and every person interested in the state of the natives, or fond of perusing travels in a wild and unknown region, may be referred to these four volumes,[1] where they will find that the extracts here given are but a specimen of the stores of amusement and information which they contain. Captain Sturt's "Expeditions" and Mr. Oxley's "Journal" are both interesting works, but they point rather to the progress of discovery in New Holland than to the actual state of our local knowledge of it. Dr. Lang's two volumes upon New South Wales are full of information from one who has lived there many years, and his faults are sufficiently obvious for any intelligent reader to guard against. Mr. Montgomery Martin's little book is a very useful compendium, and those that desire to know more particulars concerning the origin of the first English colony in New Holland may be referred to Collins's account of it. Various interesting particulars respecting the religious state of the colonies in Australia have been derived from the correspondence in the possession of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, free access to which was allowed through the kind introduction of the Rev. C. B. Dalton. Many other sources of information have been consulted, among which the Reports of the Parliamentary Committee upon Transportation, in 1837 and 1838; and that of the Committee upon South Australia, in 1841, must not be left unnoticed. Neither may the work of Judge Burton upon Religion and Education in New South Wales be passed over in silence; for, whatever imperfections may be found in his book,[2] the facts there set forth are valuable, and, for the most part, incontrovertible, and the principles it exhibits are excellent. From the works just mentioned the reader may, should he feel inclined, verify for himself the facts stated in the ensuing pages, or pursue his inquiries further. In the meantime, he cannot do better than join the author of the little book which he holds in his hand, in an humble and earnest prayer to Almighty God, that, in this and in every other instance, whatever may be the feebleness and imperfection of human efforts, all things may be made to work together for good towards promoting the glory of God, the extension of Christ's kingdom, and the salvation of mankind. [1] Published, all of them, by T. and W. Boone, London, to whom it is only just to acknowledge their kindness in permitting the use that has been made of these two publications in the first portion of the present Work. [2] See Dr. Ullathorne's Reply to Burton, especially at p. 5, where it appears that the judge was not quite impartial in one of his statements. Dr. Ullathorne himself has, in his 98 pages, contrived to crowd in at least twice as many misrepresentations as Burton's 321 pages contain. But that is no excuse. The Romish Church may need, or seem to need, such support. The cause defended by Judge Burton needs it not. #Contents.# INTRODUCTION. [Page 1.] Subject of the Work Discovery and Situation of New Holland Its Interior little known Blue Mountains Conjectures respecting the Interior Van Diemen's Land, or Tasmania. Australia, its history and present condition, by 3 CHAPTER I. [Page 8.] The Bush described Remains of it near Sydney North-western Coast of New Holland Sandy Columns and Fragments Recollections of Home Gouty Stem Tree Green Ants Fine Volcanic District Cure for Cold Travelling in the Rainy Season Rich sequestered Valleys Plains near the Lachlan Falls of the Apsley Beauties of Nature enjoyed by Explorers Aid afforded by Religion Trials of Travellers in the Bush Thirst A Christian's Consolations Plains of Kolaina, or Deceit Bernier Island Frederic Smith A Commander's Cares Dried Streams Return from a Journey in the Bush Outsettlers Islands on the Australian Coast Kangaroo Island Coral Reefs and Islets. CHAPTER I. 4 CHAPTER II. [Page 42.] Forbidding aspect of coast no argument against inland beauty and fertility River Darling The Murray Other Rivers of New Holland Contrasts in Australia The Lachlan, Regent's Lake, &c Sturt's Descent down the Murray His Return Woods Difficulties and Dangers of Bush travelling Wellington Valley Australia Felix Conclusion. CHAPTER II. 5 CHAPTER III. [Page 72.] Comparative advantages of Europeans over Savages Degraded condition of Natives of New Holland Total absence of Clothing Love of Ornaments Peculiar Rites Ceremony of knocking out a Tooth Hardships of Savage Life Revengeful Spirit Effect of Native Songs in exciting Anger Cruelty Courage Indifference to accounts of Civilized Life Contempt of its ways Treatment of Women Family Names, and Crests Language Music. CHAPTER III. 6 CHAPTER IV. [Page 97.] Means of Subsistence A Whale Feast Hunting the Kangaroo Australian Cookery Fish Seal Catching Turtles Finding Opossums Birds Pursuit of the Emu or Cassowary Disgusting Food of the Natives Vegetables By-yu Nuts Evils of European Settlements in cutting off the native supply of Food Native Property in Land Inhabitants of Van Diemen's Land A word of Advice to Christian Colonists. CHAPTER IV. 7 CHAPTER V. [Page 120.] First Shyness of Natives natural Their perplexity between European Customs and their own Health and Longevity Old Age Funereal Rites Belief in Sorcery The Boyl-yas Various modes of Interment Tombs Riches of a Native Bodily Excellences Secrecy Quickness of Sight, &c Kaiber and the Watch The Warran Ground Various Superstitions Mischief of bad Example, for which the British nation is responsible The Church, the right Instrument, and the only one that will be found successful, for civilising the Australian Tribes, if they are ever to be civilised. CHAPTER V. 8 CHAPTER VI. [Page 149.] Bennillong Barangaroo's Funeral The Spitting Tribe Mulligo's Death The Corrobory Peerat and his Wives Woga's Captivity Ballooderry and the Convicts Native Hospitality and Philosophy The Widow and her Child Miago. CHAPTER VI. 9 CHAPTER VII. [Page 186.] Infancy of New South Wales an interesting subject to Englishmen Arrival, in 1788, of the Sirius, and the Supply at Botany Bay Settlement commenced in the Harbour of Port Jackson Character of the Convicts Influence of Religion Particulars respecting the Chaplain His peculiar situation and efforts A Gold Mine pretended to be found Supply of Food precarious Farming Failure of Provisions Erection of a Flag-staff at the entrance of Port Jackson Activity of Governor Phillip Emigration to Norfolk Island Loss of the Sirius Departure of the Supply for Batavia Arrivals from England Cruel treatment of Convicts on board Paramatta founded Arrival of the Second Fleet State of Agriculture The Chaplain's bounty abused Attendance at Divine Service A Church built Its subsequent fate Scarcity of Provisions, and great Mortality Profligacy of Convicts Harvest of 1792 Departure of Governor Phillip Major Grose's government Captain Paterson's Various occurrences Drunkenness Love of Money Spirit of Gambling. CHAPTER VII. 10 [...]... resemblance in appearance and productions to their native land, have appeared preferable to all the advantages which the larger island possesses Van Diemen's Land is divided from New Holland on the north by Bass's Straits, its extreme points of latitude are 41° 20', and 43° 40' S., and of longitude 144° 40', and 148° 20' E Its shape is irregular, being much broken by various inlets, but its greatest extent... Wales It is, therefore, and always will be, an important island, though, from its mountainous character and confined limits, it cannot, of course, be expected to keep pace with the increasing population of the sister colony Van Diemen's Land was discovered in 1642, by the Dutchman, Tasman, who first sailed round its southern point, and ascertained that the great Southern Land, or Australia, did not extend,... fearful account of his dangers and adventures among the barren sandstone hills of this district Its appearance, upon his landing at Hanover Bay, was that of a line of lofty cliffs, occasionally broken by sandy beaches; on the summits of these cliffs, and behind the beaches, rose rocky sandstone hills, very thinly wooded Upon landing, the shore was found to be exceedingly steep and broken; indeed the hills... merely because its borders and boundaries are forbidding In the case of New Holland, it is true, the same sort of barrenness extends itself very much into the interior of the land; but, if we pursue the patient footsteps and daring discoveries of those few Europeans who have penetrated far into its inland parts, we shall find many interesting scenes described, and much both of the sublime and beautiful... twenty yards in extent, and a felled tree in the midst Here let us pause, and, kneeling on the turf, CHAPTER I 21 uncovered, pour forth the voice of health, of cheerfulness, and gratitude to Him who guides and guards us on our way And now, onward again The land falls suddenly, and we cross a brook, which a child may stride, but whose waters are a blessing both to man and beast And now we rise again;... divisions of New South Wales Its Counties Cumberland Camden Illawarra and the Cow Pastures Argyle Bathurst Northumberland Coal Pits Hunter's River Remaining Counties Sydney Port Jackson Buildings, &c of Sydney Commerce Public Press Paramatta Windsor Liverpool Conclusion CHAPTER X 13 CHAPTER X [Page 266.] Description of Van Diemen's Land Its local Divisions Its general Character and Aspect Hobart Town Launceston... is the object of the present volume to describe in its leading features, both moral and natural, may be said to consist of two islands, besides many small islets and coral reefs, which lie scattered around the coasts of these principal divisions The larger island of the two, which from its size may well deserve the appellation of a continent, is called New Holland, or Australia; and is supposed to be... unprofitable And yet there are many descriptions of different portions of it given by eye-witnesses, many circumstances and natural curiosities belonging to it, and related to us upon the best authority, which are likely to please and interest the reader, who can see and adore God everywhere, and is capable of taking delight in tracing out and following the footsteps of Almighty Wisdom and Power, even... Van Diemen's Land was discovered to be an island separated from New Holland, of which before CHAPTER XIV 18 that time it had been thought to form a large projection or promontory New Holland is situated in the vast ocean extending to the south and east of the Spice Islands, and it lies about even with the lower part of the continent of Africa, only at an immense distance due east of it Its extreme points... island, so well known by the names of Van Diemen's Land, or Tasmania, (from those of the discoverer, Tasman, and the Dutch governor of Batavia, Van Diemen) is not to be compared in size to the other, being about equal in magnitude to Ireland, and, like that island, abounding in fine and excellent harbours Although, strictly speaking, the name of Australia is confined to the former of these two islands, . Australia, its history and present condition, by William Pridden This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost. online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Australia, its history and present condition containing an account both of the bush and of the colonies, with their respective