Tài liệu Báo cáo khoa học: "Topological Ordering of Function Words in Hierarchical Phrase-based Translation" pdf

Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th IJCNLP of the AFNLP, pages 324–332, Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009. c 2009 ACL and AFNLP 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 { } 324 X → γ, α, ∼ X γ α ∼ γ α w(X → γ, α, ∼) =  i f λ i i f i λ i ˜e ˜ f P trans ( ˜ f|˜e) P trans (˜e| ˜ f) P lex ( ˜ f|˜e) P lex (˜e| ˜ f) e D ∗ e D ∗ = P (D), D e. D = X i , i ∈ 1 |D| 325 X a →    X 1 , X 1  X b → X 1  X 2 , X 1 X 2  X c →    X d → X 1   , X 1  X e →   ,  X a X d X b X a X b X d ≺ X a ≺ X b ≺ X c ≺ X d ≺ X e X d ≺ X a ≺ X b ≺ X c ≺ X e X d     ≺  ≺   ≺  ≺    d(Y  , Y  ) 326      ❄ ❳ ❳ ❳ ❳ ❳③ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘ ✘✾ ❄❄ ❄ ❄ X a ⇒   X b , X b  ⇒   X c  X d , X c X d  ⇒     X d , X d  ⇒     X e   , X e  ⇒        ,  X d ⇒X a   , X a  ⇒  X b   , X b  ⇒  X c  X e   , X c X e  ⇒    X e   , X e  ⇒       ,  { } Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  Y  d(Y  , Y  ) = Y  =  Y  =    X b X b ( ≺ ) → X c  X d ()  X b  X d X() ∼ X d X d → X 1  2  3 , 3 2 X 1  327 X b f dom (X b ) ≈ dom(d(, )|, )) dom(d(Y L , Y R )|Y L , Y R ))  ≺  d(, )   R L Y  Y      Y  Y  Y  Y  d(Y  , Y  ) =            Y  ∈ R (Y  ) ∧ Y  ∈ L (Y  ) Y  ∈ R (Y  ) ∧ Y  ∈ L (Y  ) Y  ∈ R (Y  ) ∧ Y  ∈ L (Y  ) Y  ∈ R (Y  ) ∧ Y  ∈ L (Y  ) (6)  Y  N N = 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 N = 2048 328 ♥ ♥ ❥ ❥ ❥ ③ ❥ ③ ❥             ❥ ③ ❥ ③ ❥ ❥ ❥             n N = 32 N = 64 N = 128 p < 0.01 N N = 128 N = 32 N = 128 N = 2048 329 dom(N = 32) dom(N = 64) dom(N = 128) dom(N = 256) dom(N = 512) dom(N = 1024) dom(N = 2048) dom N p < 0.01 dom(N = 32) dom(N = 64) dom(N = 128) dom(N = 256) dom(N = 512) dom(N = 1024) dom(N = 2048) dom N p < 0.01  1  2 3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11  12 13 • 1 2 8 5 6 7 3 4 9 11 12 13 • 1 2 3 11 12 4 8 7 6 9 10 13  6 wh  11 wh wh  9 N = 128 N = 128 N 330 N N = 2048 N = 128 N = 64 N = 2048 331 332 . Proceedings of the 47th Annual Meeting of the ACL and the 4th IJCNLP of the AFNLP, pages 324–332, Suntec, Singapore, 2-7 August 2009. c 2009