MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY PHAN THI THU CUC IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL TRADE POLICY IN SOME PROVINCES IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL COAST OF VIETNAM Major Economic management Code 931[.]
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONGMAI UNIVERSITY PHAN THI THU CUC IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL TRADE POLICY IN SOME PROVINCES IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL COAST OF VIETNAM Major: Economic management Code: 931.01.10 A SUMMARY OF PHD DISSERTATION IN ECONOMICS Ha Noi, 2022 The dissertation was accomplished at Thuongmai University Scientific supervisors: Assoc Prof, Dr Pham Thuy Hong Dr Vo Ta Tri Judge 1: Judge 2: Judge 3: The dissertation will be defended to the University-level Dissertation Assessment Council to be held in Thuongmai University at………, date ……… month …… year ……… Search for the dissertation available at National Library and Thuongmai University’s library LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING THE PH.D TRAINING TIME OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION THEME Cuc, Phan Thi Thu (2019), “The characteristics and roles of trade and rural trade policies of Vietnam”, Vietnam Trade and Industry Review, ISSN 0866-7756, No 2, February 2019 Cuc, Phan Thi Thu (2019), “The current situation of implementing and developing rural trade policies in rural areas”, Vietnam Trade and Industry Review, ISSN 0866-7756, No 9, May 2019 Cuc, Phan Thi Thu (2019), “Actual situation of rural trade policies in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam”, Journal of Trade Science, The Journal of Thuongmai University - Hanoi Vietnam, ISSN 1859-3666, Vol 7, No 4, December 2019 4 The necessarity of the thesis Developing commerce in rural areas, improving the living standards of rural people on the basis of industrialization and modernization of agriculture and rural areas and building new rural areas is one of the key tasks in economic development of socio-economic in our country Domestic trade policy in general and rural trade policy in particular in our country have basically met the requirements of socio-economic development and trade over the past 30 years The South Central Coast region has a very favorable geographical and economic position, located on the axis of road, rail, air and sea roads The area near Ho Chi Minh City and the key economic triangle in the Southeast region; is the gateway of the Central Highlands, of the trans-Asian road to the sea connecting with the international maritime route The South Central Coast region has Da Nang airport, Phu Cat airport (Binh Dinh), Cam Ranh airport (Khanh Hoa) and Chu Lai airport (Quang Nam) which are four of the ten international airports of Vietnam The region also has domestic airports Tuy Hoa (Phu Yen), Phan Thiet (Binh Thuan) and thousands of kilometers of road and railway In terms of sea route, the region has many important seaports such as Da Nang, Tien Sa, Lien Chieu (Da Nang), Ky Ha (Quang Nam), Vung Ro (Phu Yen), Nam Van Phong and Bac Van Phong (Khanh Hoa) creating a seaport system for development and regional economic development and form the arterial road on the sea to trade with the region and the world The region has many open economic zones such as Chu Lai (Quang Nam), Dung Quat (Quang Ngai), Nhon Hoi (Binh Dinh) with relatively complete infrastructure Along with the renovation process of the economy, in which important and wide-ranging innovations took place during the WTO accession period Currently, Vietnam is entering a new phase in integration, deeply integrating into the world economy with the preparation to complete commitments in WTO and ASEAN, actively participating in many bilateral and multilateral trade agreements New generation partners, of which important are the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), the Free Trade Agreement with the European Union (EVFTA), the Free Trade Agreement with the EU and the EU Eurasian economic union and accession to the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), etc., developments and impacts on trade all come very quickly, immediately affecting the domestic market, especially the rural market 5 Integration brings opportunities and benefits to domestic trade, but at the same time, competition in the domestic market is increasingly fierce, Vietnamese enterprises are under increasing pressure from foreign companies The impact of the global economic and financial crisis has severely damaged the economies and trade of exportbased countries, so these countries tend to return and attach importance to development and domestic trade in order to create a more sustainable basis for the country's economic development Vietnam is also not out of this trend when for a long time it has focused too much on exports and foreign markets, has not properly identified the role of the domestic market, causing domestic trade to fall into a passive state Before integration, the domestic market faced many "vital" problems such as international competition, mergers and acquisitions in the domestic market, the difference between production and consumption prices, products and services We can't export or sell, get a bad season, lose a crop, poor quality goods, not guarantee food safety and hygiene, fake goods, poor quality goods from partner countries Due to the characteristics of lag and difficulty in forecasting in policy making, many of our country's trade policies have become obsolete, failing to address policy goals and domestic trade development goals associated with integration and sustainable development, while the colorful reality of the "commercial picture" is and will be increasingly rich, vivid and changing very quickly, requiring change and innovation in domestic trade policy in general and rural trade policy in particular In the integration period, our country's trade policy has been adjusted and perfected, bringing effective and positive impacts on socio-economic development, trade, services and production goods In recent years, the Government has been making efforts to implement institutional and public administrative reforms in order to bring national growth in a sustainable direction, in line with the trend of world economic integration On January 6, 2010, the Prime Minister issued Decision No 23/QD-TTg approving the rural commercial development project for the period 2010-2015 and orientation to 2020 The scheme mentioned many things and general problem, in order to build a synchronous and sustainable development process for rural trade However, the current domestic trade development policy system has not exploited and brought into full play all the resource factors to realize that determination In order to exploit and seize opportunities, at the same time overcome challenges and limit risks to become a mandatory requirement for Vietnam, it is necessary to perfect and renew the domestic 6 trade development policy in general and rural trade policy in particular quickly and effectively In addition, the process of organizing and implementing rural trade policies also revealed inadequacies and did not achieve the desired effect.There are many reasons leading to this situation, but through our research, we have discovered a number of key points that affect the results of rural commercial development in the provinces of the South Central Coast of Vietnam thatis the state of policy implementation not following the general process, the development of programs, plans and schemes lacking the participation and contributions of policy beneficiaries or not suitable to the characteristics of the region, the implementation of close to reality… which is causing difficulties for both the implementing level and the beneficiaries of the policy's benefits The above fact shows that, to achieve the objectives of rural trade policy in the provinces of the South Central Coast of Vietnam is a very difficult problem, and this is also one of the great obstacles and challenges for the country with the sustainable development of rural trade in the whole region This issue has been attracting the attention of many researchers Therefore, the thesis "Implementation of rural trade policy in some provinces of the South Central Coast of Vietnam" with the desire to clarify theoretical and practical issues about the implementation of rural trade policies in some provinces of the South Central Coast, from which to develop solutions to effectively implement rural trade policies in some provinces of the South Central Coast in the coming time The overview of the research 2.1 Some domestic researches Over the following years, there have been many different studies on many aspects of commercial activities in general as well as the system of State policies to manage and support the development of commercial activities Typically, some prominent research works in this field have been published such as: Master.Tran Duy Dong (2019), Research and propose solutions to promote domestic consumption in rural markets to 2025,vision to 2030, Ministerial level scientific project, Department of Domestic Market, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi [21]; Dr Lam Viet Dung (2019), Research and propose some solutions to support small and medium enterprises in the field of retail distribution of goods in rural areas, Ministeriallevel scientific project, Department of Domestic Market, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi [20]; Master Tran Duy Dong (2018),Research and propose solutions to 7 improve Vietnam's commercial infrastructure development policy towards synchronous and modern direction,Ministeriallevel scientific project, Department of Domestic Market, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi [01]; Nguyen Truong Giang (2013), Solutions for commercial development of Lao Cai province in the context of international economic integration, thesis ofDoctoral project in economics, Commercial Research Institute [23]; Nguyen Thi Thanh Ha (2012), Solutions to organize business networks by commodity lines in rural areas, Ministry level scientific research project, Department of Domestic Market, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi [25]; Master Nguyen Thao Hien (2020), Research and propose solutions to promote the export of Vietnamese agricultural products - food through a number of modern distribution systems in the world, Ministeriallevel scientific project, Department of Europe - America Market, Ministry of Industry and Trade, Hanoi [24] However, in each aspect of commercial activities, there are many different research works 2.2 Some international researches - Herath, HMSP (2009), Impact of trade liberalization on economic growth of Sri Lanka: An economic investigation, Department of Banking and Finance, Faculty of Business Studies and Finance, Wayamba University of Sri Lanka, Kuliyapitiya, Sri Lanka[71 ] - Thomas Reardon (2006), Supermarkets, tropical agricultural supply chains and small producers in Central America[85], current situation study development of the supermarket system in some Central American countries in recent years, the participation of small agricultural producers in the supermarket system, the benefits of participating in the supermarket system compared to the channel traditional distribution Sales job descriptions are intuitive and use proven management practices - Bennard Hoekman, Aditia and Philip English (2005), Trade development and WTO”, National Political Publishing House, Hanoi[83], have mentioned in general terms about trade reform, institutional building and market economy in accordance with WTO regulations - John Friedmann (1966),Regional development policy: A case study of Venezuela; Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press[74], has taken an approach to spatial connectivity in regional development His point of view emphasized the spatial organization of the region with production and trade links in a center with an abundance of resources, including highly skilled human resources In these centers, so 8 there is continuous development and innovation leading to spillover effects, creating attraction and repulsion for development in the periphery where there are many sources of labor and agricultural development 2.3 Research gaps The above scientific studies have partly systematized the concepts of trade, commercial development, and the effects of policies on commercial development as well as rural development The works have analyzed and evaluated the impacts of factors supporting commercial development in many different aspects The works have also provided a number of effective solutions to develop management tools and support trade development in different regions as well as solutions to develop the commercial system in a cultural way The above studies have not directly studied the implementation of rural trade policies in the provinces of the South Central Coast of Vietnam, and have not studied specifically the socio-economic conditions of the agricultural sectors in the South Central Coast of Vietnam The factors affecting commercial development in rural areas have not been studied in some provinces in the South Central Coast region and have not been studied some pilot policies, specific to the provinces of the South Central Coast that support to rural commercial development With specific economic conditions such as the South Central Coast of Vietnam, there have also been a few research works aimed at providing solutions for sustainable commercial development in urban areas or developing certain types of products and modern commercial pattern of a particular province or locality However, there has not been any research that studies directly and specifically the implementation of rural trade policies in the provinces of the South Central Coast of Vietnam,the socioeconomic conditions as well as natural to offer solutions to develop rural trade in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam This is a gap in the published research works that PhD students can study in order to selectively inherit but not overlap with those works 3.Research goals and tasks 3.1 Research goals On the basis of an overview of some basic theoretical issues as well as analysis and assessment of the current situation of commercial development in general and rural commercial development in particular, rural trade policy implementation process; 9 Analysis and assessment of the current situation of rural trade policy implementation in some provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam in the recent period, factors affecting the implementation of rural trade policies, thesis propose a number of solutions and recommendations to improve the implementation of rural trade policies, the thesisproposes some solutions and recommendations to develop rural trade in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam in the period to 2025 – 2030 3.1 Research tasks - An overview of some basic theoretical issues on rural trade policy and a system of criteria for evaluating the actual implementation, factors affecting the implementation of rural trade policies and effectiveness of rural trade policies in a number of provinces in the South Central Coastof Vietnam - Evaluate the achieved results, analyze and clarify the limitations and inadequacies of the policy system for rural commercial development in the South Central Coast of Vietnam in the past period - Proposing and recommending solutions to continue promoting the development of rural trade in Vietnam in general and the South Central Coast of Vietnam in the direction of sustainability, modern civilization Research objectives and scopes 4.1 Research objectives The object of research of the thesis is the implementation of rural trade policy in some provinces in the South Central Coast region in the recent period and the development of commercial infrastructure is considered as a particularly important stage in the development of trade infrastructure from producer to consumer 4.2 Researchscopes About the content: The thesis focuses on researching and assessing the actual situation of implementing policies on rural trade development Factors affecting the implementation of rural trade policies Studying 04 main groups of policies and implementation process of rural trade policies Factors affecting commercial development in general and rural commercial development in the South Central Coast in particular About space: In this thesis, the author conducts an overall study of rural commercial development in the South Central Coast according to economic zoning including 08 provinces and cities: Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan In which, Da Nang and Binh Dinh are 10 10 02 key economic provinces and cities in the Central region in the North of South Central Coast and Khanh Hoa is the province with stronger economic development in the remaining 04 provinces in the southernmost of South Central Coast Therefore, the author chooses to an in-depth study of 03 key provinces and cities for regional development (Da Nang, Binh Dinh and Khanh Hoa) to assess the actual status of rural trade policy implementation and the factors that affect the implementation of rural trade policies About time: Studying the actual situation of implementing rural trade policies in a number of provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam from 2010 to present to propose solutions and recommendations for the period 2025 - 2030 Research Methods Research methods: Historical and dialectical, systematic, synchronous, from general to specific, combining logic and history, especially approached from the perspective that modern and civilized trade is the result of resonance and impact on many aspects of socio-economic life, as well as state management, are related to the position and development requirements of the capital in Vietnam with localities and industries in each period and specific context ; - In the research process, apply specific research methods harmoniously and flexibly, including: + Methods of collecting documents and information through sources: National Library; Library of Institute of Strategy and Policy of Industry and Trade - Ministry of Industry and Trade; Library of the University of Commerce; Agencies in the South Central Coast region (Provincial People's Committee, Department of Industry and Trade, Department of Planning and Investment, Department of Finance, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development ) and approved internet, mass media, + Methods of survey and interview with relevant units and individuals: The main purpose of survey by questionnaire is to collect primary information necessary to analyze and evaluate organizational activities of implementation of rural trade policies, focusing on the process of organizing and implementing the policies.This method is implemented based on the design of the questionnaire and the planning of the survey The content of the question revolved around the topic of implementing rural trade policies in some provinces of the South Central Coast The study targets two groups of subjects, including (i) organizations, enterprises, business households, cooperative groups, cooperatives participating in rural commercial activities and (ii) construction 15 15 1.2.1 Subjects participating in the implementation of rural trade policy Trademark policies directly or indirectly affect people's lives, related to many different subjects in society Therefore, in the process of organizing the implementation of rural trade policy, it is necessary to mobilize the participation of all parties in the policy implementation process Policy implementation subject Subjects participating in policy implementation coordination Policy enforcement object 1.2.2 Contents of implementing rural trade policy at the local level at the provincial level Formulate and implement commercial infrastructure development planning Support the development of key local products Implement policies to develop traders and develop local markets Implement the local consumer protection policy 1.2.3 Criteria for evaluating the implementation of rural trade policy In order for the evaluation of the policy implementation process to be objective and honest in accordance with the actual conditions, it must be conducted based on two basic groups of criteria: the group of general policy evaluation criteria and the additional criteria group 1.3 The process of implementing rural trade policy Implementation of the rural trade policy is an organized activity of the state management agencies, mobilizing all resources to achieve the objectives of the policy according to the principles of optimization of human resources, capital and efficiency Building plan for policy implementation Dissemination and policy propaganda Mobilizing resources for policy implementation Assign responsibility for policy implementation Check and evaluate the policy implementation process 1.4 Factors affecting the implementation of rural trade policy 1.4.1 Factors of the policy First, the policy itself is a necessary condition for the successful implementation of a policy Second, the country's comparative advantage in agriculture and international economic relations are factors that have a great impact on the rural trade policy 1.4.2 Factors belonging to the subject of implementing the policy 16 16 Firstly, the management capacity, organization and implementation of the State agencies and the contingent of cadres and civil servants at all levels in the implementation of the rural trade policy Second, the propaganda on the rural trade policy aims to raise awareness among officials, public servants and policy beneficiaries so that they can actively and voluntarily participate in the policy implementation process of the governmet and country Third, economic conditions and financial resources to implement state policies 1.4.3 Factors belonging to policy objects First, the resources of the policy object To participate in the implementation of the rural trade policy Secondly, in terms of quantity and quality of human resources for local commercial development Third, the support of socio-political organizations and local communities 1.4.4 Other factors Characteristics of rural areas and territories Socio-cultural features Elements of commercial activities Disaster risk factors Group of national macro factors International element group CHAPTER 2: ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF THE ACTUAL IMPLEMENTATION OF RURAL TRADE POLICIES IN SOME PROVINCES IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL COASTOF VIETNAM 2.1 Overview of rural trade in some provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam 2.1.1 Natural and socio-economic conditions in the South Central Coast of Vietnam At the present, Vietnam does not have specific regulations on administrative or economic management by region like many countries in the world The concept of a region is just a way of zoning economic or administrative boundaries by region, region, sub-region in order to facilitate the synthesis of census and statistical data The data calculated for regions, sub-regions or regions are mainly cumulative data of provinces in the region, sub-region or region According to Decision No 1114/QDTTg dated 9/7/2013 of the Prime Minister Prime Minister on the approval of the 17 17 Master Plan for Socio-Economic Development of the North Central Coast and Central Coast to 2020 and the Prime Minister's Decision No 2350/QD-TTg dated December 24, 2014 on the approval of the "Master plan for tourism development in the South Central Coast region to 2020, with a vision to 2030", identifying the South Central Coast of Vietnam as one of the seven most developed regions in our country, including including provinces and cities: Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan In which, provinces and cities belong to the Central Key Economic Zone (Da Nang, Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh) in the North and the remaining provinces in the southernmost Central region are Phu Yen, Khanh Hoa, and Ninh Thuan, Binh Thuan In which, Da Nang, Binh Dinh and Khanh Hoa are three provinces and cities that are central to regional development Currently, in the Government's socio-economic development reports, the National Assembly's monitoring reports on socio-economic development, tourism development, reports of the ministries, the General Statistics Office and the General Statistics Office Many documents, books and articles of organizations and individuals show that the South Central Coast region consists of the eight provinces and cities mentioned above, stretching from the North to the South Population and labor in urban and rural areas: Workers in the provinces of the South Central Coast of Vietnam have traditionally been industrious, studious and skillful In production, workers here are considered to have a high sense of self-control and the will to overcome difficulties to rise up The population of the South Central Coast of Vietnam is not too large, just average compared to the whole country Table 2.1: Urban and rural population in the South Central Coast of Vietnam Unit: thousand people Year Total Urba n centr e Rural area 2010 8839, 2011 2012 8983, 2013 9050, 2014 9117, 2015 9182, 2016 9191, 2017 9379, 2018 9583, 2019 9287, 2020 9343, 3054, 3090, 3175 3210, 3305, 3422, 3511, 3583, 3688, 3893, 3553, 5784, 5813, 5808, 5839, 5811, 5760 8 Source: Vietnam Statistical Yearbook 2020 5680, 5796, 5894, 5394, 5789, 8904 18 18 Source: Vietnam Statistical Yearbook 2020 Figure 2.1: GRDP growth in the South Central Coast of Vietnam 2.1.2 Overview of rural trade in some provinces in the South Central Coast ofVietnam The average growth rate of the service industry in the 2010-2019 period of the South Central Coast ofVietnam is 7.7%, however, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, in 2020 and 2021, the service industry has had a negative growth rate The average growth rate of the service industry in the period 2010-2020 is only 2.52% Total retail sales of consumer goods and services (Department of Consumer Goods & Services) in 08 provinces in the South Central Coast ofVietnam in 2020 reached VND 446.683 trillion, an increase of 2.35 times compared to 2010 However, due to the heavy influence of the pandemic The Covid-19 epidemic in 2020 and 2021 has seriously affected the commercial service industry The average trade growth rate in the period 2010-2019 was 14.9%, however, due to the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, in 2020 and 2021 the trade industry had negative growth, leading to trade growth The average trade of the Northern mountainous region in the period 20102020 is only 6% 2.2 Implementation of rural trade policy in some provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam In this content, the author of the thesis assesses the implementation of the rural trade policy in 03 key provinces and cities in the South Central Coastof Vietnam including: Da Nang city, Binh Dinh province and Khanh Hoa province based on the policy implementation process presented in Chapter 1, including the following steps: promulgating documents, organizing and implementing plans; disseminating and 19 19 propagating policies; assign coordination of implementation; mobilize resources for implementation; check and evaluate the implementation process From those studies and assessments, the author points out the advantages, limitations and causes of these limitations as the basis for building solutions and recommendations in chapter 2.2.1 Actual situation of implementing the rural trade policy Promulgating documents, the plan and strategy Dissemination of propaganda on the rural trade policy Organizing the apparatus and assigning coordination to implement Mobilizing and allocating resources to implement the rural trade policy Check, monitor and evaluate the implementation of the rural trade policy 2.2.2 Evaluation of the organization and implementation of the rural trade policy in some provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam * Implementing the policy of developing rural commercial infrastructure The rural commercial infrastructure development policy includes seven basic contents: the rural commercial infrastructure planning by geographical area, the commercial infrastructure development planning in the form of business (markets), Regulations on investment and construction of markets, Regulations on business investment and market management, Regulations on investment in warehouses, cargo ports, logistics systems, Construction and organization of implementation of projects, programs and proposals projects and Improve the effectiveness and efficiency of market management The survey results of the questionnaire showed that: Only two contents, namely Regulations on business investment and Regulations on business investment and market management, were highly appreciated by organizations/enterprises and experts with the average score of both subjects is 3.02/5 and 3.37/5 respectively * Implementing business development policy In fact, the policy of traders includes provisions on business registration of individuals and organizations and regulations on the rights and obligations of traders when participating in commercial activities in general and rural trade in particular For this content, both experts and organizations, businesses, cooperatives, cooperative groups all rated it well with the assessment scores of both subjects reaching 3/5 points * Implementing policies to develop goods and services The contents of commodity policy have not received high appreciation from business organizations as well as experts Specifically, on goods quality management 20 20 policy, the average score of both groups of subjects (experts and businesses) for all three contents (including: Legal documents specifying quality criteria) , The organization evaluates the conformity of goods compared to the prescribed criteria and criteria and Evaluates compliance with procedures, processes and methods as prescribed by law) is 2.68/5.In which, the average assessment score of experts for the content of legal documents specifying quality criteria is the lowest, reaching only 2.59/5 points because they think that the content of these policies still exists In many loopholes, regulations and quality criteria are unclear * Implementing the consumer protection policy After nearly 10 years of implementing the Consumer Rights Protection Law and its guiding documents, some outstanding results have been achieved,especially the formation of a legal document system, a system management agencies from central to local;The network of Consumer Protection Associations and some achievements in propaganda and awareness raising about consumer protection, receipt and settlement of complaints, recall of defective products,warranty and implementationfulfill the responsibilities of enterprises in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Protection of Consumer Rights 2.2.3 Evaluation of the state management of commerce in rural areas Commercial management activities in rural areas in the South Central Coast of Vietnam include activities such as administrative reform; reasonable arrangement and arrangement of human and material resources; environmental Protection; and inspect, control the market, fight smuggling, commercial fraud, counterfeit goods In which, administrative reform and environmental protection activities are being evaluated quite well by policy makers, policy makers and businesses (3.63/5 and 3.14/5 respectively) other activities are mostly rated as average but have made significant progress compared to the past time Scores from experts and businesses on environmental protection criteria are also not as high as expected Specifically, businesses for this activity scored 3.15/5 points and experts gave 3.10/5 points, averaged 3.14/5 points 2.2.4 Overall assessment of the organization and implementation of the rural trade policy a The advantages Firstly, the policies have clear purposes, all oriented towards economic development in the South Central Coast provinces in the direction of industrialization, 21 21 modernization, and new rural construction in line with national development in general and the economy of the studied provinces in particular Second, policies are implemented synchronously and consistently from the top down with full implementation guidelines Third, policies from the central government are disseminated to localities and each locality is disseminated to districts, towns, townships, etc with various forms of propaganda Fourthly, the policies on rural trade development in the South Central Coast provinces were launched by the State and local authorities very quickly and flexibly, promptly solving the problems of the people in the provinces countryside Fifth, local governments (including People's Committees, People's Councils, Departments of Agriculture and Rural Development, ) and organizations actively participate in policy formulation, planning and implementation in order to attracting domestic and foreign enterprises to invest in rural areas in the province Sixth, in the process of implementing policies, understanding the psychology of farmers, the South Central Coast provinces have established many pilot models b Existences and limitations First, the overlap in policy implementation This situation still occurs due to the lack of synchronous coordination among relevant ministries, departments and agencies from central to local levels Secondly, policy formulation has not been based on actual research results of previously published experts and lacks input from those directly affected by the policy farmers and businesses operating in the agricultural sector and intending to invest in this field Third, the policy making process has not paid attention to implementation resources, especially human resources in rural areas Fourth, the process of checking and evaluating the implementation of the policy is still not synchronized, there is no independent inspection organization, leading to fragmented and small results, making the review and amendment of the policy not accurate Fifth, policies on rural trade development have not yet mobilized the participation of all economic sectors who want to invest in this field, but are limited to enterprises 22 22 Sixth, the top-down form of policy implementation has somewhat limited the initiative and creativity of subordinates in the policy implementation process c Cause of existence, limitation Firstly, lack of capital is the first cause that any locality encounters when embarking on the implementation of the rural trade policies Second, most of the rural trade policies developed and applied in the South Central Coast region of Vietnam have not had active and extensive participation from those directly affected by these policies Third, the quality of rural labor in the South Central Coast provinces of Vietnam is still weak, not qualified and capable to participate in commercial activities in the direction of modernization, agriculture 4.0 in the area Fourth, the limited qualifications of leaders in wards, communes, cooperatives, cooperative groups, etc Fifth, the development of rural transport, cargo ports and border gates is not really consistent with the socio-economic development strategy and planning, the strategy and planning on transportation development in the area, the program submit the national target on new rural construction 23 23 CHAPTER 3: VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO COMPLETE RURAL TRADE POLICIES IN SOME PROVINCE IN THE SOUTH CENTRAL COAST REGION OF VIETNAM 3.1 Background, perspectives and requirements in implementing rural trade policy in some provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam 3.1.1 Viewpoints on implementation of the rural trade policy The rural trade policy was promulgated and implemented for the purpose of developing the trade and service industry, ensuring to meet the actual requirements of people and businesses, in line with socio-economic development trends and objectives to build central provinces and cities of the region such as Da Nang, Binh Dinh and Khanh Hoa into economic, cultural, scientific and technical centers of the South Central Coast of Vietnam It is necessary to maximize the potential and advantages of localities in the region, especially advantages in industry, trade, services and marine economy; accelerate economic restructuring, transform the growth model towards efficient use of resources, protect the ecological environment; take proactive measures to prevent and respond to climate change; ensuring regional connectivity and synchronization in socio-economic development among provinces and cities in the South Central Coastof Vietnam Innovating contents in developing the rural trade policy Innovating the method of formulating and implementing the rural trade policy 3.1.2 Requirements in implementing and developing the rural trade policy Firstly, human resources are an important factor in the implementation and development of rural trade policy Second, in the context of trade liberalization is taking place strongly and tends to develop in the future, more and more foreign enterprises will participate in trade in rural areas Third, there are more and more sophisticated violations, which directly affect the quality of implementation and development of rural trade policies Fourth, the policy needs to involve many different stakeholders Fifthly, the agricultural labor force is on a decreasing trend, especially the young and highly qualified human resources, which will have a certain impact on the implementation process and the results of the policy development process about the rural trade book 24 24 Sixth, investment in building commercial infrastructure must be based on mobilizing resources from all economic sectors;develop harmoniously and synchronously, ensuring the freedom of business of all organizations and individuals in the economy; combination of science and technology in the development of trade in the provinces and cities of the South Central Coast of Vietnam 3.2 Solutions to effectively implement the rural trade policy in some provinces in the South Central Coast of Vietnam 3.2.1 Solutions on content of the policy * With regard to the policy of rural commercial infrastructure development The government's orientation for rural commercial development will be carried out in parallel with the development of science and technology in agricultural production, also known as high-tech agriculture Encourage and create conditions to promote the development of agricultural science and technology research facilities and encourage the putting of scientific and technological products into production, not just stopping at the current pilot At the same time, will develop policies to encourage domestic science and technology research institutions to actively cooperate with international organizations to research new scientific and technological products for production and development of the economy Rural trade will be developed towards modernization This is reflected in many policies and investment decisions in terms of modern infrastructure for commerce in developed rural areas Implement the Decision No 6481/QD-BCT dated June 26, 2015 on the Master plan to develop the nationwide market network to 2025, with a vision to 2035 * With the regard to the policy of commodity According to the author, the policy will aim to focus more on building value chains (CGT) of products, develop agriculture in parallel with processing industries to add value to agricultural products, take the initiative in distribute products, associate production with processing and consumption, build a closed process from input supply to product consumption, and deliver products to consumers The State will regularly control these stages to ensure quality According to the Law on Product and Goods Quality 2007 and the consolidated document No 30/VBHN-VPQH dated December 10, 2018 of the Office of the National Assembly consolidating the Law on Product and Goods Quality: “Quality of products and goods: Chemicals will be managed on the basis of announced applicable standards and relevant technical regulations State 25 25 management of product and goods quality is the responsibility of competent State management agencies in order to enforce the provisions of law on product and goods quality State management of product and goods quality must ensure transparency, objectivity and non-discrimination regarding the origin of goods and organizations and individuals engaged in activities related to product quality of goods in accordance with international practices, and to protect the legitimate rights and interests of production and business organizations and individuals and consumers * In terms of policies to develop business According to the author, in the future, policies and laws will add more favorable conditions to encourage credit institutions to participate in providing credit services to individuals and organizations operating in the field of agriculture as well as investment in production and business activities in agriculture and rural commerce In addition, law-making activities and informal credit activities will be strictly controlled to ensure publicity and transparency in the operation process, meeting the capital needs of farmers and other credit institutions, agricultural product processing and trading enterprises In the future, the author believes that it is necessary to clearly decentralize incentives and support in parallel with concretizing, publicizing and shortening administrative procedures to create favorable conditions for individuals and households In production and business, enterprises can easily access the State's incentives to help save production costs * In term of consumer protection policy According to the author, policies to protect consumers' interests need to be developed in accordance with socio-economic conditions and international commitments It must be effective in encouraging the expansion of international cooperation in the field of protecting consumers' interests in rural areas Develop a coordination mechanism between agencies and organizations with functions, tasks and powers to inspect and evaluate the quality of consumer goods and services Accordingly, it is necessary to supplement regulations on the mediation mechanism, resolving the interests of consumers in a synchronous direction, throughout from the central to the local To ensure that provinces and cities in the region are established by a conciliation organization affiliated to a State management agency or a provincial social organization for the protection of consumers' interests 3.2.2 Group of solutions to the process of implementing the rural trade policy ... library LIST OF PUBLICATIONS DURING THE PH.D TRAINING TIME OF THE AUTHOR RELATED TO THE DISSERTATION THEME Cuc, Phan Thi Thu (2019), “The characteristics and roles of trade and rural trade policies... 2019 Cuc, Phan Thi Thu (2019), “The current situation of implementing and developing rural trade policies in rural areas”, Vietnam Trade and Industry Review, ISSN 0866-7756, No 9, May 2019 Cuc, Phan. .. University-level Dissertation Assessment Council to be held in Thuongmai University at………, date ……… month …… year ……… Search for the dissertation available at National Library and Thuongmai University’s