Supply chain management of vietnam’s garment products and sustainable supply chain issues in the garments industry

Supply Chain Management of Vietnam’s Garment Products and Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry. Chapter 1: Vietnam’s Garment Supply Chain: The Case of Viet Tien Garment Corporation Supply Chain Management Chapter 2: The Benefits to Improved Sustainability of Garment Supply Chain Chapter 3: Challenges Facing Vietnamese Garment Supply Chain in Improving Sustainability Chapter 4: Barriers Restrict Recycling or Remanufacturing of Garment Products in the Practice of Vietnam

********** FINAL REPORT Supply Chain Management of Vietnam’s Garment Products and Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry Hanoi - 2022 Contents Introduction .1 Chapter Vietnam’s Garment Supply Chain: The Case of Viet Tien Garment Corporation Supply Chain Management 1.1 Vietnam's textile and garment export market in the context of Covid-19 1.2 Overview: Supply chain of garment export products 1.3 Viet Tien Garment’s supply chain management during Covid-19 1.3.1 Company Overview .4 1.3.2 Procurement management 1.3.3 Manufacturing management 1.3.4 Distribution management .7 Chapter The Benefits to Improved Sustainability of Garment Supply Chain 2.1 Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry 2.2 Benefits to improved sustainability of a garment supply chain .9 Reduce environmental pollution 10 Increase consumer satisfaction .10 Cost optimizations 10 Chapter Challenges Facing Vietnamese Garment Supply Chain in Improving Sustainability 11 Chapter Barriers Restrict Recycling or Remanufacturing of Garment Products in the Practice of Vietnam 13 Conclusion .15 Reference 16 List of Table Table 1.1 Vietnam's textile and garment export market Table 4.1 Barriers to implementing circular economy practices in the fashion industry 13 List of figures Figure 1.1 The supply chain in the garment sector Figure 1.2 Viet Tien’s logo .4 Figure 1.3 Raw materials storage at the warehouse Introduction The Vietnamese economy's deep integration into the global economy has opened up favorable opportunities for Vietnamese enterprises to promote supply chain activities, expand consumption markets and improve the competitive force Despite the disruption of supply chains as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic, the garment sector is still strongly rising up and has the second-largest portion of revenues in total exporting products in Vietnam With outstanding experience in manufacturing garment products, Viet Tien Garment Corporation is one of the leading brands in the office fashion industry in Vietnam over the past 30 years Such success is largely due to Viet Tien's efficient supply chain management Therefore, to broaden the understanding of supply chain management in the garment industry as well explore the benefits of using a sustainable garment supply chain in Vietnam, I choose the topic “Supply Chain Management of Vietnam’s Garment Products and Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry”, which include four chapters: Chapter 1: Vietnam’s Garment Supply Chain: The Case of Viet Tien Garment Corporation Supply Chain Management Chapter 2: The Benefits to Improved Sustainability of Garment Supply Chain Chapter 3: Challenges Facing Vietnamese Garment Supply Chain in Improving Sustainability Chapter 4: Barriers Restrict Recycling or Remanufacturing of Garment Products in the Practice of Vietnam Chapter Vietnam’s Garment Supply Chain: The Case of Viet Tien Garment Corporation Supply Chain Management 1.1 Vietnam's textile and garment export market in the context of Covid-19 2020 is a special difficult year for Vietnam's textile and garment industry when the market has many fluctuations and unpredictable challenges Under the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic, the textile and garment industry is one of the industries that suffer the largest losses along with the tourism, aviation, and footwear industries Difficulties come from the lack of raw materials and slowing demand from the EU and the United States in the first quarter of 2020 Also, the change in consumers’ behaviors toward unnecessary products, made Vietnamese garment enterprises have faced the decline of orders Vietnamese enterprises have turned around step by step to meet the world's consumption demand, maintain production, export, and retain workers by switching to production and increasing exports of necessary goods for preventing pandemic Generally, in 2020, Vietnamese textile and garment exports to most markets decreased compared to 2019 A significant decrease must be mentioned in some markets such as Tanzania, which decreased by 77%; Angola down 75%; Argentina down 44%; Senegan, Philippines, Slovakia all decreased by more than 39%; some other European markets decreased significantly such as the UK, Greece, Finland, Spain, Norway, Austria, down from 28 - 37% (Bo Cong Thuong, 2021) Table 1.1 Vietnam's textile and garment export market (Source: Bo Cong Thuong, 2021) 1.2 Overview: Supply chain of garment export products Figure 1.1 The supply chain in the garment sector (Source: Nordås, 2004; Stotz & Kane, 2015) As seen in Figure 1.1, each step in the supply chain is so interconnected that the flow of information, product, or capital works in both directions However, it also depends on the customer's preference for fashion trends and the simultaneous emergence of "fast fashion" Based on forecast demand, textile plants will collect raw materials and manufacture textile products for the garment industry After that, the garment sector will be in charge of cutting fabrics, assembling the garments, and delivering the final product that meets the requirements of retail stores Then, with the help of distribution centers, intermediaries ensure a smooth flow of finished products from the raw material collection to display in retail stores 1.3 Viet Tien Garment’s supply chain management during Covid-19 1.3.1 Company Overview Viet Tien Garment Corporation (VTEC) was established in 1975 With the mission of constantly improving customer satisfaction with the best products and services, Viet Tien is now one of the leading enterprises in Vietnam's textile and garment industry From a state-owned company established during a difficult period, Viet Tien surpassed the revenue milestone of VND 9,700 billion in 2018, becoming the only garment company honored in both rankings as the Top 50 leading brands in 2019 and Top 50 most valuable brands in Vietnam announced by Forbes Vietnam and Brand Finance (VnExpress, 2019) Viet Tien's presence in both of the above lists shows the company's position in both domestic and international markets This is also the result of efforts to build a strong and reputable brand with consistency in not only branding but also the supply chain of the company Figure 1.2 Viet Tien’s logo (Source: Viet Tien Corporation Garment, n.d.) 1.3.2 Procurement management Procurement is an indispensable activity in any business type and any size of the organization Purchasing costs usually account for a significant proportion of the total cost of the supply chain Therefore, the role of purchasing management in the supply chain is extremely important, which is closely related to business performance of VTEC Choosing supplier The procurement process of the company is implemented based on purchasing sourcing, which have both domestic and international purchasing Inputs materials in the supply chain at VTEC include: raw materials (yarns, fabrics ), chemicals substances for dying, equipment - spare parts and so forth Domestically, Vinatex is the main supplier of yarn for VTEC and also the largest supplier of many other textile enterprises in Vietnam (Hai Yen, 2021) In addition, Viet Tien mainly imports raw materials and accessories from China, which have large supplies with stable quality In fact, 63% of textile materials of Vietnam garment sector is imported from China, so when the pandemic broke out in early 2020, the supply of raw materials from China was disrupted due to the lockdown in Wuhan, making it difficult for VTEC in the procurement process (Giap, 2021) In order to be proactive in terms of raw materials, shorten production and delivery time, VTEC has invested in establishing Fabrics Factory - Viet Thai Tech, a joint venture between Viet Tien Garment Corporation and two strategic partners, Luenthai and Newtech (Ha, 2020) Besides, VTEC (Vietnam) also cooperates with Tung Shing Sewing Machine Company (Hong Kong) to provide and install equipment for the garment industry (Tung Sing Group, 2018) Contract negotiations The Company has applied the principle contract to the essential inputs for the Company's main production activities such as some basic yarns This is a type of contract where the Company and the supplier are jointly linked and have clear responsibilities such as: For the Company (the purchaser) will build up the purchasing demand for the whole year, commit to receiving the goods on time as planned agreed and paid on time At the same time, the supplier (selling unit) will stabilize the selling price, always have ready stock of goods to meet the buyer's delivery plan as planned Stabilizing selling prices as well as finding the most competitive raw material suppliers are very important in effective management of production and business activities of the Company Delivery and payment After placing an order, due to having a long-term relationship with suppliers, especially domestic suppliers such as Vinatex, the goods are quickly delivered In order to reduce purchasing costs, Viet Tien has cooperated with MS Shipping (England)- a company specializing in the sea and air services business to support the import and export procedures, delivery of goods abroad (Công Ty M&S VTEC Shipping, n.d.) After the materials are shipped to VTEC, the company will check the quality and pay according to the contract Storage For materials with unstable supply and fluctuating prices, the company has actively imported and reserved them The demand for the reserve is planned based on the production needs of the factories to ensure timely response to customer demand with the most reasonable and economical amount of stock In addition, for other yarn materials with stable supply, the company only imports and stores enough to meet the demand when there are orders from customers Figure 1.3 Raw materials storage at the warehouse (Source: Viet Tien Garment Corporation, n.d.) 1.3.3 Manufacturing management Design The characteristics of the garment market is the rapid changing to meet trends in the fashion industry, and the short product life cycle Therefore, clothing design is a very important step in production process in Viet Tien in particular and the garment industry in general From the very first day of its establishment, the company determined that it needed to have an in-depth design department, supported by specialized software Currently, the company has more than 300 designers and design patterns are formed from three main sources: (1) from the creativity and ideas of the design staff; (2) from catalogs and (3) from customer samples sent to the company Manufacturing Viet Tien is the pioneer of applying new technologies as well as investing in Lean Manufacturing technology Viet Tien Garment Corporation has affirmed that Lean Manufacturing helped the company grow 14% in 2013 compared to 2012 Spirit of workers is better because they have more time to take care of themselves and their families, which results in a productivity performance (Oanh, 2015) Viet Tien has also invested in modern equipment in production such as automatic plotting/spreading/cutting system, automatic production line system and other modern specialized machinery and equipment such as surgical machines, automatic bags, hand-tracing machines, programming machines Besides, the company also receives investment programs in equipment and technology of South Island Group, of Japanese corporations such as Itochu, Mitsubishi, Maruberni, Sumitomo, Sandra As a result, productivity and quality are significantly increased, satisfying the needs of customers and the market 1.3.4 Distribution management Intermediaries ● Manufacturers Viet Tien Garment Corporation specializes in manufacturing and supplying garment products Viet Tien Garment has expanded and developed into Viet Tien Garment Corporation, operating under the model of a parent company - a subsidiary company, managing 28 production and business hubs, including affiliated units, 12 member units, foreign joint venture companies, units of business cooperation and subsidiaries (Viet Tien Garment Corporation, nd-a) ● Agents Viet Tien's agents have contributed significantly to the circulation of goods as well as promoting a more flexible distribution process to consumers Since 2009, Viet Tien - with the brands Ttup, SanSciaro, Manhattan, VietTien SmartCasual and Viet Long - has opened general agents in Cambodia, Laos, China, in addition to more than 1,300 stores and agents distributed across the country ● Retailers Viet Tien's retail system is spread across the country with the number of nearly 1,400 stores and agents so far In addition to the chain of stores and agents selling Viet Tien's products, the company continues to expand and develop distribution channels, put products in 48 shopping centers and coordinate with other garment stores to distribute Vietnamese garment products to ordinary consumers more widely ● Customers Those who directly use Viet Tien's products They create the company's target market and are also the factors that directly affect the sales of intermediaries and the company Distribution channel Viet Tien Garment’s distribution channel includes a system of stores and agents distribution system Retail stores receive products directly from manufacturers and then distribute them directly to consumers or distribute to agents These stores have a large proportion of goods consumption for Viet Tien in the entire distribution system This is also where Viet Tien can directly approach customers to collect feedback from them Currently, Viet Tien is one of the businesses with the largest store system in the industry, with nearly 1,400 stores introducing and selling products across provinces and cities across the country, including brands namely Viettien, Viettien Smartcasual, Viettien Kids, Camellia, Skechers, etc (Minh, 2021) In big cities such as Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh city, in addition to retail stores on major streets, Viet Tien stores are also located in large shopping centers such as: Trang Tien Plaza, Keang Nam, Grand Plaza, Vincom Ba Trieu, etc Viet Tien's agent system is also present in 24 districts of Hanoi with 105 agents (Viet Tien Garment Corporation, nd-b), although it does not have high sales volume as in stores, it has the advantage of being flexible, easy to penetrate into the residential area community and meet the needs of customers In addition, from 2009 until now, Viet Tien - with the brands Ttup, SanSciaro, Manhattan, VietTien SmartCasual and Viet Long - has opened general agents in Cambodia, Laos, and other Asian countries Chapter The Benefits to Improved Sustainability of Garment Supply Chain 2.1 Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry The garments industry is one of the main contributors to the world’s largest pollution due to the tons of water usage producing excess carbon dioxide gas, excessive use of energy to produce clothing, non-renewable materials for fibre, and environmental pollution with harmful chemicals Vietnam garments industry with about 6,000 garment factories, provides employment to approximately 2.5 million people (Chi, 2017), which is about 2.6% of the Vietnam population, are currently struggling with environmental problems relating to the manufacturing of textiles and garments According to RMIT University researchers, although Vietnam is among the top five exporting countries of textiles and garments globally, the concept of sustainable supply chains is new to many manufacturing players in the country (RMIT University, 2019) Therefore, reducing environmental pollution and improving sustainability are the key factors for Vietnam’s garment manufacturing industries to maintain their competitive edge 2.2 Benefits to improved sustainability of a garment supply chain Building a sustainable supply chain for Vietnam garment manufacturing in terms of design, manufacturing, and use of eco-friendly materials will bring the benefits to the environment, consumer, and cost Reduce environmental pollution Sustainable practices such as using materials that not pollute the environment in designing clothes will help preserve the environment from pollution Improving raw material sourcing with better recycling processes, reducing water consumption, and replacing hazardous chemicals with safer alternatives are some of the measures that can reduce fashion’s environmental footprint and help the industry survive in the new business scenario (Fashion: from “fast, cheap and new” to sustainable and eco-friendly, 2021) Producing carbon emission is inevitable in distribution According to H&M’s annual sustainability reports, it was estimated that more than half of the carbon emission of the company are due to transportation from factories to stores (Shen, 2014) Therefore, efficient and clean modes of transport should be used in distribution logistics to reduce the negative impact on the environment Increase consumer satisfaction Using sustainable materials such as cotton to make the garment can also provide a high level of comfort for those who wear it Clothing made from natural fibers is better adapted to the weather conditions of many countries Therefore, consumers will feel more comfortable wearing clothes made from natural fibers According to research conducted by Lundblad and Davies (2016), the consumers would want to look good, comfortable, and feel confident when they wear the clothes (Davies & Lundblad, 2016) In addition, in Vietnam nowadays, consumers' awareness and concerns about environmental issues are increasing and they are willing to pay a premium for socially responsible goods As a result, many apparel companies disclose sustainability information and see it as a way to improve their reputation in order to attract customers and increase market share 10 Cost optimizations Using organic cotton has saved a lot of money in sustainable production When we use the salvage and recycling methods, used materials could be used to produce new products, which can also reduce R&D costs spent designing new clothes In addition, localized sourcing is not only more sustainable for the environment, but also reduces the lead time and the costs of transportation and production of garment companies It can be seen that once an enterprise is considered as having improved supply chain sustainably, it will create added value to the entire textile and garment industry of Vietnam As a result, global clothing brands will then have a different look on Vietnamese garment brands and may move more orders to the country as a result Chapter Challenges Facing Vietnamese Garment Supply Chain in Improving Sustainability The majority of companies involved in the apparel supply chain formed by global fashion brands have adopted sustainability requirements in their production, such as implementing corporate social responsibility, being friendly environment friendly, and reducing emissions However, these companies also face several challenges as part of a sustainable supply chain Challenges and conflicts exist around achieving greater sustainability and profitability at every stage of the supply chain, including material production, apparel production, transportation/distribution, consumer education and retail The first obstacle to local garment businesses is in terms of implementation of sustainable development criteria because these criteria require huge investment and personnel However, in the long run, according to head of the Sustainable Development Board of Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association, the credibility and brand value of the business in question will be better 11 Furthermore, such a business may later receive support from global clothing brands, international organizations and financial institutions (Hung, 2021) Lack of eco-literacy may be a challenge to the garment supply chain in Vietnam since it caused a downfall of stakeholder involvement Although the awareness of environmental issues are being improved in Vietnam, the number of organizations working on the recycling or upcycling of old clothes is very low As a result, many of the old and rejected clothes also end up in landfills, which causes serious environmental concerns in Vietnam Extensive training and seminar program about sustainable supply chain management can be a potent tactic to educate the stakeholders and urge them to participate in the sustainability movement for economic, societal, and environmental gain and confirm the generations' wellbeing (Karim et al., 2021) One more challenge may be the lack of top management's commitment to enhancing the sustainable responsibility to the whole organization It is reflected in the inconsistency of the organization’s philosophy, mission, and vision To overcome this barrier, top management from all companies in the garment supply chain must simultaneously launch and adhere to sustainability initiatives Top management must demonstrate its commitment through active participation to facilitate the acquisition of new resources and validate stakeholder engagement 12 Chapter Barriers Restrict Recycling or Remanufacturing of Garment Products in the Practice of Vietnam Table 4.1 summarizes some barriers that keep consumers away from circular fashion (de Aguiar Hugo et al., 2021) Table 4.2 Barriers to implementing circular economy practices in the fashion industry (Source: de Aguiar Hugo et al., 2021) Since the raw materials to manufacture garment products are one of the main factors that cause environmental pollution, the decision to reduce, reuse, and adopt organic materials in the production of fashion items represents a challenge for companies that not yet see them as strategic priorities Moreover, as clothing is made of different fabrics and accessories with different types of raw materials, solving waste clothing becomes a very complicated problem for garment companies One other barrier is reduced consumption of slow fashion practices The economic sustainability of slow fashion is still questionable since companies that employ slow production and small quantity practices cannot compete with companies 13 that use economies of scale, such as fast fashion companies that create multiple accessible fashion identities (Jung & Jin, 2016) Moreover, although consumers have high consciousness of the social and environmental impacts of their clothing consumption, many of them still look for the attributes of traditional fashion products when shopping (Park et al., 2017) The high costs associated with recycling processes are also a factor limit the advancement of recycling and remanufacturing, as these processes are often not financially viable (Stubbs & Sandvik, 2019) The separation and recycling of garments is subject to system costs and inefficiencies as well as a lack of supporting infrastructure to collect clothing from consumers, which can make it difficult to produce recycled garments In addition, low-quality fast fashion garments mean that large quantities can only be partially reused due to the high cost of shredding or material handling (Freudenreich & Schaltegger, 2020) 4.1.1 14 Conclusion Properly building and effectively applying the garment supply chain management model brings many benefits to Vietnamese businesses, especially in the context that Vietnam’s economy is integrating deeply into the global economy Recognizing the importance of supply chain and sustainable supply chain, in recent years, many enterprises and managers have paid great attention to this field in order to improve competitiveness, quickly adapt to market changes as well maximize benefits for customers Although the concept of sustainable supply chains is quite new to many manufacturing players in the country, the benefit it brings is worth for Vietnamese garment enterprises to pay attention and have long-term implementation Lastly, I would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Ms Binh for giving us useful and practical knowledge of supply chain management I could not have accomplished this report without your guidance and instructions 15 Reference Bộ Công Thương (2021) Báo cáo xuất nhập Việt Nam 2020 (p 33) Chi, D (2017) Linking Trade and Shared 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Chapter The Benefits to Improved Sustainability of Garment Supply Chain 2.1 Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry The garments industry is one of the main contributors to the world’s... choose the topic ? ?Supply Chain Management of Vietnam’s Garment Products and Sustainable Supply Chain Issues in the Garments Industry? ??, which include four chapters: Chapter 1: Vietnam’s Garment Supply