25 great projects activities experiments carmella van vleet Illustrated by Alex kim carmella van vleet Illustrated by Alex kim Nomad Press is committed to preserving ancient forests and natural resources We elected to print Explore Ancient Rome! on 50% post consumer recycled paper, processed chlorine free As a result, for this printing, we have saved: 12 Trees (40’ tall and 6-8” diameter) 4,921 Gallons of Wastewater 1,979 Kilowatt Hours of Electricity 542 Pounds of Solid Waste 1,066 Pounds of Greenhouse Gases Nomad Press made this paper choice because our printer, Thomson-Shore, Inc., is a member of Green Press Initiative, a nonprofit program dedicated to supporting authors, publishers, and suppliers in their efforts to reduce their use of fiber obtained from endangered forests For more information, visit www.greenpressinitiative.org Nomad Press A division of Nomad Communications 10 Copyright © 2008 by Nomad Press All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote brief passages in a review The trademark “Nomad Press” and the Nomad Press logo are trademarks of Nomad Communications, Inc Printed in the United States ISBN: 978-0-9792268-4-7 Questions regarding the ordering of this book should be addressed to Independent Publishers Group 814 N Franklin St Chicago, IL 60610 www.ipgbook.com Nomad Press 2456 Christian St White River Junction,VT 05001 Contents Let’s Explore Rome! Let’s Explore Rome! 13 Home Sweet Villa 25 Eat Like a Roman 38 time for School Introduction chapter chapter chapter 46 Be glad You’re Not a gladiator 57 High fashion chapter chapter 67 chapter Emperors Rule! 82 gods and goddesses chapter For Mom and Abbey—my bookends Other titles from Nomad Press Let’s Explore Rome! ave you ever used a calendar or walked on a paved road? Have you ever been to a mall? Do you have running water in your house? If so, you can thank the people who lived in ancient Rome! Ancient Romans invented these things and many more Where was ancient Rome? What was the Roman Empire?? What was it like to live there? And, how did ancient Rome influence the world we live in today? In this book, you’ll explore ancient Rome, an incredible city and empire that existed from 753 BCE to 476 CE This book will also answer many of your questions and share some cool facts Explore Ancient Rome! You’ll get to learn about villas, aqueducts, emperors, chariot races, gladiators, bathhouses, mosaics, and the Colosseum You’ll also learn about some interesting people, such as Hadrian, Trajan, and Julius Caesar One of them had a wall One of them had a mall And one of them had a great fall! Along the way, you’ll get to plenty of fun projects, play games, and hear some goofy jokes Ready? Let’s explore! Where in the World Was Ancient Rome? Ancient Rome was a city in Italy According to legend, Romulus and Remus founded it in 753 BCE Romulus and Remus were brothers who were taken from their mother and left to die along the banks of the Tiber River A she-wolf took care of them until a shepherd adopted them When they got older, they decided to build a city near the place the wolf found them They fought over who would rule the new city and Romulus killed Remus Rome, which still exists, is named for Romulus Let’s Explore Rome! The area, which had seven hills, was a good place for a city The Tiber River provided water, food, and a way to travel In time, the rulers of Rome took over neighboring lands All of these lands together were called Roman Empire: all the lands and people ruled by Rome the Roman Empire The Roman Empire grew to include Spain, Greece, Asia aqueduct: a channel that carried Minor, Britain, Turkey and North Africa water from streams in the hills and mountains and from the The Roman Empire also controlled the Tiber River to the city of ancient Mediterranean Sea Rome Because the Roman Empire was so big, channel: a canal through which different parts had different kinds of a stream of water moves weather Some places were cold Others castellum: a water tank in were hot There were also different ancient Rome kinds of landscapes Some places had Cloaca Maxima: a famous sewer desert sand Other in Rome—the first sewer places had mountains Romans became good at adapting to different kinds of environments This helped them grow and flourish One of the other things that helped ancient Romans to thrive was the aqueduct Explore Ancient Rome! Aqueducts A million people lived in ancient Rome All of those people needed water In order to get water to the city, Romans built aqueducts Aqueducts were channels that carried water from streams and springs in the hills and from the Tiber River to the city They were made out of stones and concrete and had gradual slopes to move the water down Gravity makes water move downhill At first, these channels were underground This was probably done to hide the aqueducts from enemies When the Roman Empire got so big it didn’t have to worry about enemies as much, the aqueducts were built above ground, on top of concrete archways Cool Artifact Ancient Romans discovered a way to make concrete waterproof they added volcanic sand this was important because it meant they could build things that lasted a long time and held up in all kinds of weather An example of this is an aqueduct Many ancient Roman aqueducts are still standing, even though they are no longer used Let’s Explore Rome! JuSt foR Water moved through the aqueducts LAugHS into the city There, the water flowed into a water tank called a castellum What you call a bird in Next, water was sent into pipes that led a fountain to public bathhouses, fountains, and in ancient the homes of the wealthy Poor people Rome? got their water from the fountains An aqua Each day, the aqueducts carried over duck! 200 million gallons of water into the city There were valves to turn off the water, but the Romans didn’t use them unless there was a problem This meant water ran 24 hours a day You’d probably get in trouble if you left the water running all day long! To help drain all the used and dirty water, Romans invented sewers The first sewer was called the Cloaca Maxima It was about 985 yards long It was tall enough, in places, for a horse and cart to go through! This sewer is still used today, 2,500 years after its construction Q: A: Roads Along with aqueducts, roads played a very important role in ancient Rome’s success In order to allow quick travel to the city, ancient Romans built the first paved roadways All of these roads led from various cities straight into Rome And straight was right! Ancient Romans built roads that took the shortest possible route Sometimes, this meant building a road right through a hill There were no curves Write Your Own Rules Ancient Roman laws were posted on bronze plaques in the Forum Some of these laws might seem strange to us For example, you were allowed to kill a robber if he broke into your house at night, but not if he broke into your house during the day These plaques were called the Twelve Tables Get creative! For instance, maybe you can make a rule saying everyone must chew gum on Mondays Number your rules with Roman numerals: I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, XII If you were in charge, what rules would you have? Make up your own rules, write them down on a piece of paper or poster board, and then hang them up See if you can think of 12 Supplies piece of white paper or poster board colorful markers 79 gods and goddesses he Roman people worshiped many gods and goddesses They believed these gods and goddesses took care of them They also believed the gods and goddesses could cause bad things to happen if they were unhappy Most of the Roman gods and goddesses were similar to the ones from Greece Gods were also borrowed from Egypt For example, the Egyptian goddess Isis was worshiped throughout the Roman Empire Roman gods looked human and each had a different job For example, Mercury was in charge of bringing messages from the gods The god Mithras protected soldiers 0 Gods and Goddesses Two of the most important gods were Jupiter and Juno Jupiter was king of gods His job was to protect the Roman lands Juno was his wife Her job was to protect women and marriages Here are a few more important gods and goddesses and their jobs I bet you recognize some of their names! Diana: goddess of the moon and hunting Mars: god of war Venus: goddess of love Neptune: god of the sea Apollo: god of the sun and the arts Pluto: god of the underworld Each god had his or her own temple A temple was a god’s home on Earth Many temples were made of stone and had large columns People didn’t worship gods at temples But they did leave gifts, called offerings, at altars in front of the temples Altars are small tables in special places, such as churches or temples Offerings were to honor the gods and make them happy They were also to thank the gods for help Shrines Each ancient Roman home had a shrine Shrines were shelves or spaces carved in walls where statues of gods were kept They were kind of like mini temples Families prayed every night and left offerings, such as bits of food, to gods Household gods were special gods that ancient Romans believed looked out for families at home A god called Janus protected the home’s entrance Lares were spirits of a family’s ancestors, and they protected the house and fields Other spirits called Penates protected the family’s food 81 Explore Ancient Rome! Priests Ancient Rome had priests Priests were in charge of religious life The emperor was the head priest It was his job to act as a messenger between the gods and the Roman people The emperor was called the pontifex maximus, which meant chief bridge-builder The emperor was supposed to be the bridge between heaven and Earth Today, we think of priests as people who lead worship Ancient Roman priests didn’t lead people in worship, though It was their job to take care of the temples Others, called victimariuses, were in charge of making sacrifices This meant killing an animal to offer to a god There were other religious leaders as well They also had special jobs Augers helped predict the future and advise emperors and the Senate on when it was a good time to something, such as pass a law Vestal Virgins Rome had female priests, called priestesses These priestesses are better known as the Vestal Virgins Vestal Virgins were in charge of taking care of the Temple of Vesta and keeping the temple fire burning Vesta was the goddess of home Girls between the ages of six and ten could become Vestal Virgins They had to come from a free family and were picked through a lottery A lottery is when a person’s name is chosen from a collection of names Once they were chosen, girls had to serve for 30 years! Vestal Virgins were not allowed to marry or have boyfriends If they did, they could be put to death Gods and Goddesses The Pantheon: a Famous Temple One of the most famous buildings of ancient Rome is the Pantheon You can still visit this ancient temple today, but it’s not the original building! In 27 CE, Emperor Augustus’s friend Marcus Agrippa designed the first Pantheon It was built as a temple to honor the gods The word pantheon is Greek for “all of the gods.” The original Pantheon burned down in 80 CE Between 118 and 125 CE, Emperor Hadrian had a new, bigger Pantheon built This building still stands today The Pantheon is famous for its beautiful and amazing dome ceiling The dome ceiling, made of concrete, is 142 feet in diameter From the top of the dome to the floor is also 142 feet This makes the dome look like a ball that’s been cut exactly in half! At the top of the dome there is a circular opening, called an ocular, that is 27 feet around This hole lets in light It also helps distribute weight so the ceiling doesn’t collapse To help hold up the heavy dome, the builders made the walls 20 feet thick! The floors of the Pantheon are made of marble And, outside of the entrance of the building, there are 16 marble columns To predict the future, an auger studied birds Romans believed birds could help bring messages from the gods Haruspices were people who studied the remains of a sacrificed animal It was their job to tell if the gods had accepted the sacrifice 83 Explore Ancient Rome! Christianity Christianity is a religion that started during ancient Roman times Instead of believing in lots of gods, Christians believed in one god This went against just about everything most Romans believed, and it was a problem at first Romans did not accept early Christians In fact, Christianity was outlawed Some Romans thought that being Christian meant you were against Rome Romans were very mean to Christians They forced them into slavery Christians were even thrown to the lions in the Colosseum! Early Christians had to hide in underground passages called the catacombs to pray These catacombs are still under the streets of Rome Christians also used the catacombs as a cemetery Even though Christians were treated Just for cruelly, Christianity spread throughout Rome Laughs People probably liked the idea of having one god Also, Christianity accepted everyone It What would didn’t care if you were rich or poor, free or a be a good nick slave In 313 CE, Emperor Constantine became name for the a Christian He made Christianity the state Pantheon? religion and built the first Christian churches The Rome He also put an end to gladiator fighting Dome! Q: A: 84 Gods and Goddesses Today, the Roman Catholic Church is one of the largest Christian religions The head of the church, the pope, lives in Vatican City Vatican City is an independent nation within the city of Rome It is the smallest country in the world The End of the Roman Empire During the time Christianity was spreading, the Roman Empire was losing its power Enemies were attacking along the edges of the empire Part of the problem was that the empire was too big for one person to rule It was also too big to defend Bit by bit, the Roman Empire lost its land and got smaller The Roman Empire had been split into two parts before Emperor Constantine came along: an eastern empire and a western empire Each half of the empire had two emperors, because the job was too big for just one emperor The problem with having four emperors was that they began to fight with one another Constantine was one of them Emperors can have a hard time sharing, especially when it comes to deciding who is in charge In 312 CE, right about when he became a Christian, Emperor Constantine took over both halves of the empire Constantine thought the city of Rome represented the past Rome was in the western part He wanted something new and exciting Right away, he looked for a new capital city in the Eastern Empire He chose a place called Byzantium He named this new capital city Constantinople, after himself Constantinople is still around, but it has a new name It’s called Istanbul, and it is a city in Turkey 85 Explore Ancient Rome! Unfortunately, the Roman Empire didn’t stay united for long Enemies kept attacking In 410 CE, German soldiers took over the city of Rome Soon after, the Western Empire disappeared altogether What happened to the eastern Roman empire? That’s a good question Because it was so far away from the city of Rome, it was safer from invaders In fact, the Eastern Empire lasted for another thousand years! There were still many changes Since Constantinople was closer to Greece than Rome, the Greeks became more important For example, the Romans stopped speaking Latin and started speaking Greek Today, we call this empire the Byzantine Empire This is because Constantinople was originally named Byzantium god: a being that is believed to have special powers and is worshiped priests: religious leaders who took care of the Roman temples Vestal Virgins: Roman priestesses goddess: a female god who were in charge of keeping the temple fire at the Temple of temple: beautiful buildings where Vesta burning the Roman gods “lived.” Constantinople: the new capital Pantheon: an ancient Roman of the Roman Empire built by temple famous for its dome Emperor Constantine ceiling 86 Make a Votive A votive was a small gift the Romans gave to a god to help heal a body part The Romans shaped votives like the real body part! You can make your votive in the shape of anything you want be good at or improve Unwrap the soap Grate the entire bar onto the wax paper Be careful not to get your fingers too close to the grater! Dip your fingers into the water Let them get good and wet Pick up some of the soap flakes and squeeze them together Use your hands to add a little bit of water to the soap flakes Keep adding water and squeezing the soap flakes until you can mold them The soap should feel like soft, wet, modeling clay Let your votive dry and harden This will take a couple of hours Since you probably don’t live near a Roman temple, you can make your own altar on a shelf Arrange special things with your votive—a lucky pebble, pretty flower, favorite souvenir Make more votives for your altar Or you can put your votive in a soap dish and use it for your next bath! You can mold the soap into any votive shape you’d like For example, you could make a leg, arm, hand, or ear Or, make your votive into a soccer ball if you dream of being a good soccer player, or shape it into a dancer if you want to dance 87 Supplies bar of soap coarse food grater wax paper small bowl of warm water Glossary abacus: an early calculator using beads or counters on rods to add and subtract altar: a small table inside or in front of a temple where gifts were left for the gods or animal sacrifices were made amphitheater: an oval or circular building with rising tiers of seats around a central open space used in ancient Rome for spectacles and contests amphorae: pottery jars used to store wine and olive oil amulet: special charm that protects the wearer aqueduct: a channel that carried water from streams in the hills and mountains and from the Tiber River to ancient Rome arch: a design element that the Romans used to build aqueducts and other buildings arena: an area for the presentation of sports events and other entertainment auxiliaries: professional soldiers from the provinces who were not Roman citizens basilica: a public building used as a courthouse or gathering hall in Rome bathhouse: a building with public, indoor pools where Romans met to relax and socialize BCE: the abbreviation for Before Common Era bulla: a locket-like necklace worn by children cameo: small carvings of a person’s profile castellum: a water tank in ancient Rome CE: the abbreviation for Common Era century: a unit of 100 men in the ancient Roman army channel: a canal through which a stream of water moves chariot: a small vehicle with wheels and a platform, pulled by horses Circus Maximus: an ancient Roman chariot racetrack citizen: a member of a city or country with certain rights Cloaca Maxima: a famous sewer in Rome Colosseum: ancient Rome’s biggest amphitheater comedy: a funny play Constantine: a Roman emperor who ruled from 324 to 337 CE For a time, he reunited the two halves of the Roman Empire He also made Christianity the state religion Constantinople: the capital of the Roman Empire late in its history, built by Emperor Constantine consul: government official in charge of the military emperor: the ruler of an empire empire: a territory ruled by an emperor The period of time in ancient Roman history when emperors ruled equite: a middle-class Roman citizen, such as a business owner or solider ferment: the process where something with a lot of energy, like grain, breaks down into a simpler substance, like beer fibula: a special pin used by both men and women to hold their clothes in place forum: an open area, or town square, where Romans shopped or met to business fresco: wall painting made on wet plaster frieze: a narrow, horizontal, decorative panel gladiators: slaves who were forced to fight as sport god: a being that is believed to have special powers and is worshiped goddess: a female god grammar school: a school where Roman children learned Greek and Latin grammar Hadrian: a popular Roman emperor He built a big wall and rebuilt the Pantheon hobnail boots: boots that Roman soldiers wore with short nails in the soles 88 Glossary insulae: apartments in ancient Rome Julius Caesar: a famous Roman dictator keystone: the top stone in an arch king: the male ruler of a kingdom Knucklebones: a Roman game where players tossed small bones into the air and tried to catch them on the backs of their hands legionnaires: professional soldiers in ancient Rome who were Roman citizens mosaic: a picture or design made from tiny tiles or stones set in cement ofellae: an ancient Roman version of pizza It was bread with onions, fish, and olives to top Tomatoes and cheese came much later orators: public speakers palla: a woolen shawl worn by women in ancient Rome Pantheon: an ancient Roman temple famous for its dome pantomime: a story told through body movement or facial expressions, without any words paterfamilias: the male head of a Roman household patricians: the highest-ranking Roman citizens, from the wealthiest families plebeians: the lowest-ranking Roman citizens priests: religious leaders who took care of the temples primary school: a public school where Roman children learned reading and math provinces: areas that were conquered and controlled by the Roman Empire republic: a kind of government with elected officials rhetoric school: a school where Roman students learned to be good public speakers Roman Empire: all the different lands and people ruled by Rome rote: learning by memorization Senate: a group of men who governed ancient Rome senator: a government official in ancient Rome who was a member of the senate slave: a person who, in the eyes of the law, belongs to another person Spartacus: a gladiator who started a revolt stola: a long dress worn by ancient Roman women strigil: a long, metal tool ancient Romans used to scrape dirt off their bodies temple: beautiful buildings where the Roman gods “lived.” thermopolia: small carts or shops where ancient Romans could buy inexpensive prepared food tiers: rows arranged one above another toga: a long, dress-like wrap worn by men tragedy: a sad play Trajan: a popular Roman emperor Trajan’s Column: a 100-foot-high column carved with scenes of Trajan’s victory over the Dacians Trajan’s Market: an indoor market built during the reign of the emperor Trajan tribunes: elected officials who looked out for plebeians triclinium: an ancient Roman dining room It meant three couches or three-sided couch trident: a kind of pitchfork tunic: an ancient Roman garment that looked like a long, sleeveless T-shirt 89 Resources Books and Periodicals Bramblett, Reid, and Jeffrey Kennedy Top 10 Rome London: Dorling Kindersley, 2002 Chrisp, Peter Make It Work! The Roman Empire Chicago: World Book, Inc., and Two-Can Publishing, 1998 Connolly, Peter, and Hazel Dodge The Ancient City: Life in Classical Athens and Rome Oxford: Oxford Press, 1998 Dickinson, Rachel Tools of the Ancient Romans White River Junction, VT: Nomad Press, 2006 James, Simon Eyewitness Ancient Rome New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2004 Macdonald, Fiona 100 Things You Should Know About Ancient Rome Great Bardfield, England: Miles Kelly Publishing, 2003 Macdonald, Fiona I Wonder Why Romans Wore Togas and Other Questions About Ancient Rome New York: Kingfisher, 1997 Nelson, Eric The Complete Idiot’s Guide to the Roman Empire New York: Alpha, 2002 Staccioli, R.A Rome Monuments: Past and Present Arcole, Italy: Vision S.R.L., 2001 Steele, Philip History in Stone: Ancient Rome San Diego: Silver Dolphin, 2001 Documentaries Rome: Engineering an Empire Discovery History Channel, 2007 Seven Wonders of Ancient Rome Films Media Group, 2004 “Episode 3: Hannibal and the Colosseum.” Drive Through History: Rome Coldwater Media, 2005 Web Sites “The Romans” http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans/ “Secrets of Lost Empires” http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/lostempires/roman/ “Who Were the Romans?” http://www.brims.co.uk/romans/ “The Roman Empire in the 1st Century” http://www.pbs.org/empires/romans/empire/index.html “Ancient Rome” http://www.kidskonnect.com/AncientRome/ AncientRomeHome.html Neat Web Sites to Check Out Don’t miss this site! It has plenty of awesome stuff to check out and fun quizzes http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/romans/ This is the children’s page from the Roman Empire site It has some great pictures http://www.roman-empire.net/children/index.html This site has lots of fun and interesting articles about life in Rome http://www.kidskonnect.com/AncientRome/ AncientRomeHome.html This site has some neat photos http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/romans/ This site has lots of information and a great glossary http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/subjects/ancientrome.htm Fun Museums with Ancient Rome Collections The Cleveland Museum of Art (Cleveland, OH) The Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, NY) Los Angeles County Museum of Art (Los Angeles, CA) Michael C Carlos Museum (Atlanta, GA) Museum of Fine Arts (Boston, MA) Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art (Kansas City, MO) University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, PA) Worcester Art Museum (Worcester, MA) More Cool Books to Read Altman, Susan, and Susan Lechner Ancient Rome (Modern Rhymes about Ancient Times) Danbury, CT: Children’s Press, 2002 Ancient Rome (DK Revealed) New York: DK Publishing, 2003 Carlson, Lauri Classical Kids: An Activity Guide to Life in Ancient Greece and Rome Chicago: Chicago Review Press, 1998 If I Were a Kid in Ancient Rome Peterborough, NH: Cobblestone Publishing, 2007 Malam, John, and David Salariya You Wouldn’t Want to be a Roman Gladiator! London: Franklin Watts, 2001 Osborne, Mary Pope, and Natalie Pope Boyce Ancient Rome and Pompeii (Magic Tree House Research Guides) New York: Random House Books for Young Readers, 2006 90 Index A abacus, 39, 40 activities, Amphora, 32, 33 Aqueduct, 8, Bottled Garden, 22, 23 Bulla, 66 Charades, 56 Delicious Dormice Dish, 31 Frieze, 36, 37 Host a Roman Dinner Party, 37 Keystone Puzzle, Marbles, 43 Mosaic, 19 Oscilla, 20, 21 Palla, 64 Plumb Bob, 10, 11 Roam Like a Roman, 12 Roman Coin, 78 Roman Theater Mask, 54, 55 Round Loaf of Bread, 34, 35 Scroll, 44, 45 Strigil, 24 Toga, 65 Tunic, 62, 63 Votive, 87 “When in Rome,” 77 Write your own Rules, 79 amphorae, 26, 27, 32, 33 amulet, 61, 66 animals, 14, 19, 52, 53, 82–84 Antony, Marc 71 aqueducts, 2–6, 8–10 arches, 4, 6, 7, 50 Augustus, 71, 72, 83 B basilica, 30 bathhouses, 2, 5, 16, 17, 24 bathrooms, 14, 15 C Caesar, Julius, 2, 69, 70, 71 calendar, 1, 70, 71 Caligula, 72, 73 catacombs, 84 chariot racing, 2, 48, 49, 52 children,17, 27, 38–41, 58, 61, 65, 73 Christians and Christianity, 84, 85 Circus Maximus, 49, 52 citizenship, 68, 70, 74, 76 city, 13–15, 29, 30 Cleopatra, 71 clothing, 57–66 Colosseum, 2, 50–53, 84 concrete, 4, 50, 83 Constantine, 84–86 Constantinople, 85, 86 D Dacians, 29, 30, 36 E Eastern Empire, 85, 86 education and school, 38–42 Egypt, 26, 57, 71, 80 emperors, 2, 29, 30, 49, 51–53, 58, 60, 67, 68–74, 77, 78, 83–86 entertainment, 27, 46–56 F farmers, 25, 26, 63 fire, 15, 17, 28, 72, 82, 86 food, 3, 15, 25–35, 37, 73, 75, 81 forum, 30, 38, 69, 79 fountains, 5, 14, 30 frescoes, 14, 15 frieze, 29, 30, 36, 37 furniture, 16, 27 G games and toys, 40 gardens, 14, 20–23 gladiators, 2, 50–52, 74, 84 gods and goddesses, 20, 30, 80–83, 86, 87 government, 67–74, 79 gravity, 4, 9–11 Greece and Greeks, 39, 40, 47, 74, 80, 86 H Hadrian, 2, 60, 73, 83 hair styles, 59, 60 horses, 5, 48, 49, 52, 72, 73, 75 houses and homes, 6, 10, 13–19 J jewelry, 60, 61, 66 K kings, 67, 68 L Latin, 39, 40, 42, 86 91 Index M makeup, 59 maps, 67, 70 marble, 14, 20, 83 Mediterranean Sea, 2, military and soldiers, 49, 63, 68, 69, 72–76, 78, 80 money, 25, 49, 50, 69, 76, 78 mosaics, 2, 14, 15, 19 Mount Vesuvius, 18, 74 music, 27, 40, 47 N Nero, 72 numbers, 39–42, 49 O orators and public speaking, 39, 40, 44, 45 oscilla, 20, 21 P Pantheon, 73, 83, 84, 86 plebeians, 68, 69 Pompeii, 18 poor people, 5, 14–16, 25, 28, 38, 58, 63, 68, 73, 84 priests, 82, 83, 86 R religion, 80–87 roads, 1, 5, 6, 10, 12, 71, 75 Roman numerals, 39, 41, 42, 79 Roman Empire, 1, 3, 4, 6, 29, 50, 57, 67–76, 80, 85, 86 Roman Republic, 67–69 Rome’s founding, 2, S school and education, 38–42 Senate and senators, 58, 61, 68–73, 76, 82 sewer, 3, 5, 15 slaves, 14, 15, 17, 50–52, 59, 74, 76, 84 soldiers and military, 49, 63, 68, 69, 72–76, 78, 80 Spartacus, 74 statues, 14, 30, 81 stone, 4, 6, 7, 14, 30, 48, 50, 81 storytelling, 27 T temples, 30, 71, 73, 81–83, 86, 87 theater, 47, 48, 54–56, 71 Tiber River, 2–4 togas, 58, 60, 61, 64, 65 toys and games, 40 Trajan, 2, 29, 30, 49, 72, 73 Trajan’s Column, 29, 30, 36, 37, 73 Trajan’s Market, 29, 30, 73 tribune, 68, 69 V Vestal Virgins, 82, 86 volcanoes, 4, 18 W water, 1–6, 9, 13–17 wealthy people, 5, 13, 14, 16, 26, 27, 38, 58, 59, 61, 68, 76, 84 weapons, 50–52, 74, 75 Western Empire, 85, 86 Children’s Activity/Education Resource Ages 6–9/Grades 1-4 What was it like to live in ancient Rome? Are ancient Roman roads still used today? What did ancient Romans wear and eat and for fun? Explore Ancient Rome! investigates the fascinating civilization of ancient Rome through 25 hands-on projects, activities, and games for young readers ages 6–9 Kids learn about ancient Roman homes, food, playtime, clothing, conquests, gods, entertainment, and more Projects are easyto-follow and require primarily common household products and very little adult supervision Activities range from creating an amphora and making a tunic to baking bread and hosting a Roman feast By combining a hands-on element with riddles, jokes, fun facts, and comic cartoons, kids Explore Ancient Rome! and develop an understanding of how this ancient civilization laid the foundation of our modern world $12.95 ISBN: 978-09792268-4-7 ... them had a great fall! Along the way, you’ll get to plenty of fun projects, play games, and hear some goofy jokes Ready? Let’s explore! Where in the World Was Ancient Rome? Ancient Rome was a... you’ll explore ancient Rome, an incredible city and empire that existed from 753 BCE to 476 CE This book will also answer many of your questions and share some cool facts Explore Ancient Rome! ... lived in ancient Rome! Ancient Romans invented these things and many more Where was ancient Rome? What was the Roman Empire?? What was it like to live there? And, how did ancient Rome influence