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Chapter 12:
EDTA Titrations
Review of Textbook for Chem115/116: Chapters
17 & 23: Complex (coordinate compound)
Coordinate covalent bonds: a bond formed when
both electrons of the bond are donated by one atom.
Ag
+
+ 2(:NH
3
) [H
3
N: Ag :NH
3
]
+
Electron configuration of Ag [Kr]4d
10
5s
1
5P
0
Ag
+
[Kr]4d
10
5s
0
5P
0
Sp hybrid orbitals: accommodate 2 pairs of electrons. Linear
Complex ion: A metal ion with Lewis base attached to
it through coordinate covalent bond.
Complex (Coordinate compound): a compound
consisting either of complex ions and other ions of
opposite charge or of neutral complex species.
I. Basic Concepts and Terms
A. Complex-Formation Reactions:
some elements (mostly metal ions) can form coordination
compounds with molecules/ions which have a "spare pair" of
electrons.
The central atom, (usually) a metal cation, accepts the pair of
electrons from the "donor molecule or ion" to form a coordinate
covalent bond.
The empty orbitals of the cation and the orbital occupied by the
bonding pair of electrons on the donor ion or molecule (ligand)
form a new molecular orbital.
The number of coordinate covalent bonds that a cation tends to
form with individual ligands (or functional groups on ligands) is
known as its coordination
number.
Typical values for coordination numbers are 2, 4 and 6.
The compounds formed can be neutral, positively or negatively
charged depending on the charge of the reacting species.
Example 12-1
Co
3+
+ 6 NH
3
<==> Co(NH
3
)
6
3+
Central atom= Co
3+
Ligand= :NH
3
Coordination number = 6
When a ligand has a single complexing or donor group in its structure, it
is said to be unidentate
,
when there are two groups, it is bidentate
,
When there are three groups, it is tridentate
ligand, etc.
When a bidentate (or higher number of donor groups present in the
ligand) forms a coordinate covalent compound with a metal cation, we
call the resulting compound a metal chelate
.
As titrants, multidentate ligands, particularly those w ith 4 to 6 donor
groups have the advantage that they usually react in a single step
pro c e s s , and the ir re ac tio ns w ith the me tal c atio n are more c o mple te
than their unidentate counterparts.
Y
4-
+ Co
3+
<=> CoY
-
cobalt(III)-EDTA complex
Example 12-2
Unidentate Ligand, :NH
3,
:I
[Co(NH
3
)
6
]
2+
, [CuI
2
]
-
Bidentate Ligand, glycine
HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
COOH
\ /
:N-CH
2
-CH
2
-N:
/ \
HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
COOH
Hexadentate Ligand: EDTA=Y [CoY]
-
Structure of a Metal/EDTA Chelate
Hexadentate
Octahedron
M
n+
+ Y
4-
<=> MY
(n-4)+
Complex of Metal/EDTA Titration Curves
Any Questions?
[...]... moles of EDTA = CEDTAV EDTA Determine which one is titrant (in this case, it is EDTA) 1) If moles of Ca2+ > moles of EDTA, it is pre-equivalence point (excess of Ca2+): Such as at (A) CCa2+ = 0.00500 M; CEDTA = 0.0100 M; V Ca2+ = 50.00 mL V EDTA =0.00 mL moles of Ca2+ =2.50x10-4 moles > moles of EDTA = 0 Hence: it is pre-equivalence point (B) CCa2+ = 0.00500 M; V Ca2+ = 50.00 mL CEDTA = 0.0100 M; V EDTA. .. > moles of EDTA = 1.00x10-4 moles 1) If moles of Ca2+ = moles of EDTA, it is at equivalence point (no excess of either Ca2+ or EDTA) : Such as at (C) CCa2+ = 0.00500 M; V Ca2+ = 50.00 mL CEDTA = 0.0100 M; V EDTA =25.00 mL moles of Ca2+ =2.50x10-4 moles = moles of EDTA = 2.50x10-4 moles Hence: 2) at equivalence point If moles of Ca2+ < moles of EDTA, it is post-equivalence point (excess of EDTA) : Such... VEDTA = 35.00 mL > Veq: After the equivalence point pCa: Beyond the equivalence point, [CaY2-] and [Y4-] are obtained directly, and the [Ca2+] is obtained from the equilibrium constant expression: 2- [CaY ] ≈ C CaY 2[Y4-]= α4 CT 0.05000Lx0.00500 M = = 2.94 x10 −3 M 0.05000 + 0.03500 L CT = excess of EDTA + dissociation from CaY2= excess of EDTA + [Ca2+] ([Ca+2] MY(n-4) K MY [MY... ]3 + K1K 2 [H + ]2 + K1K 2 K 3 [H + ] + K1K 2 K 3 K 4 [Y 4- ] = C T α 4 III Equilibrium Calculations Involving EDTA A Titration Curve: Mn+ + Y4- MY(n - 4)+ A titration curve for the reaction of a cation with EDTA: a plot of pM = (- log[Mn+]) on the y-axis, versus volume (mL) of titrant (EDTA solution) on the x-axis Note in Table 14-1, that the KMY values are in the range of 107 to 1025 These reactions... . Chapter 12:
EDTA Titrations
Review of Textbook for Chem115/116: Chapters
17 & 23: Complex (coordinate compound)
Coordinate. :N-CH
2
-CH
2
-N:
/
HOOC-CH
2
CH
2
COOH
II. Titrations with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid (EDTA)
EDTA Disassociation
EDTA Dissociation Constants:
H
4
Y +