Tiểu luận bồi thường thiệt hại ngoài hợp đồng lý luận và thực tiễn tài liệu ebook giáo trình

MODAU Li chon d~ tal B6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hQ'P dong la mot eh6 dinh quan trong luat dan su Theo quy dinh tai f)i~u 281 BLDS nam 2005 thi m(>ttrong nhirng can cir lam phat sinh nghia vu dan sir la sir kien "gay thiet hai hanh vi trai phap luat" va tirong irng voi can eu la cac quy dinh tai chuang XXI, Ph~n thir ba B(> Luat Dan Su (BLDS) "trach nhiern b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop d6ng" Su kien gay thiet hai hanh vi trai phap luat la can cir lam phat sinh trach nhiem b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong, Trong truong hQ'Pnay trach nhiem duoc hieu la nghia vu, b6n phan cua nguoi gay thiet hai phai b6i thuong eho nguoi bi thiet hai Nha lim lu~t truong hop d§: dong nghia trach nhiern b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop d6ng voi "nghia vu phat sinh hanh vi trai phap luat'' f)i~u 604 BLDS d§:xac dinh su d6ng nghia bang quy dinh: "Nguoi nao co l6i e6 y hoac vo y xam pham den tinh rnang, sue khoe, danh du, nhan pham, uy tin, tai san rna gay thiet hai thi phai b6i thuong" Trach nhiern b6i thuong thiet hai lam phat sinh nghia vu b6i thuong va nr nghia vu phai b6i thuong thiet hai tao quan khai niem nghia vu M nghia vu tuong img voi duoc quy dinh tai Di~u 281 BLDS: "Nghia vu dan su la viec rna thea quy dinh cua phap luat thi mot boac nhi~u chu th8 (goi la nguoi co nghia vu) phai lam mot cong viec hoac khong duoc lam mot cong viec vi loi ich cua mot hoac nhieu chu th~ khac (goi la nguoi co quyen) TIT quy dinh co th~ neu khai niem v~ nghia vu b6i thuong thiet hai nhu sau N ghia vu b6i thuong thiet hai la mot loai quan h~ dan su nguoi xam ph~m den Hnh m~ng, sue khoe, danh dl,f, nhan ph:lm, uy tin, tai san, cae quy~n va lqi ieh hqp phap eua nguai khae rna gay thi~t h~i phai b6i thu6ng nhung thi~t h~i minh gay Muc dich nghien CUll va pharn vi nghien CUll 2.1 M~c dich nghien cuu Tap trung nghien ctru ve trach nhiern boi thirong ngoai hop dong mot s6 tnrong hop cu the tir dira cac kien nghi ve cac quy dinh cua phap luat d6i voi cac che dinh ve viec boi thirong thiet hai ngoai hop dong, ding nhu cac bien phap de giai quyet cac vu an dan s1;1li'en quan den van de 2.2 Pham vi nghien cuu Trong khuon khd cua mot bai tieu Iuan, tac gia khong co tham vong trinh bay het cac van de lien quan den che dinh bdi thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong rna chi xin tap trung lam sang to mot vai tnrong hop cu tM la boi thuong thiet hai nguon nguy hiem cao gay (Dieu 623 BQ Iuat dan s1;1'), boi tlnrong thiet hai vi pham q uyen loi cua ngiroi tieu dung (Dieu 630 BQ Luat dan s1;1')b,di thirong thiet hai oan sai t6 tung (Dieu 620 BQ Luat dan s1;1') Co so Iy Iuan va phuong phap nghien coo 3.1 CO' sa Ii luan De tai duoc nghien cuu dua tren ca so chimg, 19 19 luan chu nghia vat bien luan chu nghia Mac - Lenin ve nha mroc va phap luat quan diem cua Dang va Nha mroc 3.2 Phuong phap nghien cuu Trong qua trinh nghien cuu de tai tac gia sir dung cac phuong phap nghien ciru nhir phuong phap dieu tra, khao sat; phuong phap phan tfch,t6ng hop; phirong phap triru nrong hoa, khai quat hoa, phuong phap so sanh d6i chieu, phuong phap quy nap, dien dich B6 cue cua ti~ll luan Ngoai phan mo dau, noi dung, ket Juan va danh muc tai lieu tham khao Phan noi dung cua bai tieu luan diroc tac gia chia chuang: Chuang Khai niern trach nhiem boi thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong Chuang Boi thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong mot s6 tnrong hop cu the NQIDUNG Chuang KHAI NIltM TRAcH NHIltM BOI THUONG THIltT HA.I NGOAI HOP nONG Khai niern B6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong goi la trach nhiern dan su gay thiet hai hanh vi trai phap Iuat Nghia vu b6i thuong thiet hai la mot loai quan h~ dan su d6 nguoi xam pham den tinh mang, sire khoe, danh du, nhan pham, uy tin, Uti san, cac quyen va loi ich hop phap cua nguoi khac rna gay thiet hai phai b6i thuong nhimg thiet hai rninh gay Trong quan he nghia VI,l nay, chu the tharn gia co th~ la cong dan, phap nhan, ho gia dlnh, t6 hop tac Trong mot s6 tnrong hop, cac CCI quan CCI quan nha mroc, tien hanh t6 tung cling co th~ tro' ben co quyen hoac ben co nghia VI,l Nguoi bi thiet hai (nguoi co quyen) va nguoi gay thiet hai (nguoi co nghia VI,l) la cac ben tharn gia vao cac quan he Ben co quyen cling nhu ben co nghia VI,l co tM co mot hoac nhieu nguoi tharn gia Nghia VI,l, hoac quyen cua ho co th~ la lien doi, rieng re, hoac thea phan dieu kien hoan canh va d6i tuong bi xam hai Khach tM cua quan he nghia VI,l luon th~ hien 6' duoi dang "hanh dong" phai thuc hien hanh vi "boi thirong'' cho ngiroi bi thiet hai CCI s6' phat sinh nghia VI,l boi thuong thiet hai la sir kien "gay thiet hai hanh vi trai phap Iuat" cho cac chu th~ khac Trach nhiern boi thtrong thiet hai th~ hien nghia V1,l boi thirong thiet hai diroc goi la trach nhiem boi thirong thiet hai thea hop dong, d~ phan biet voi trach nhiern thea hop dong CCI s6' cua trach nhiern boi thirong thiet hai phap luat quy dinh xuat phat tit nhfrng nguyen dc chung cua Hien phap (Dieu 18, 22 Hien phap nam 1992) va cac nguyen t:ic diroc quy dinh BLDS (Dieu 5,6) BLDS dac biet dieu 10 BLDS quy dinh: "Viec xac lap, thuc hien quyen, nghia vu dan sir khong diroc xam pham den loi ich cua Nha mroc, loi ich cong cong, quyen, lei Ich hop phap cua nguoi khac" Trach nhiem boi thirong thiet hai khong chi nham bao dam viec d~n bit t6n that dii gay rna giao due moi nguoi v~ y thirc tuan thu phap luat , bao ve tai san xii hoi chu nghia, ton quyen va loi ich hop phap cua ngiroi khac Hau qua cua viec ap dung trach nhiern luon mang den nhfrng bat loi v~ tai san cua ngiroi gay thiet hai de bit dap nhfrng thiet hai rna ho dii gay cho cac chu the khac, d,*c biet doi voi cac hanh vi pham tQi voi dong co vu loi Dieu ki~n phat sinh trach nhiem hOithmmg thiet hai ngoai hQPdong Dieu kien phat sinh trach nhiern boi thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong Ia nhtrng yeu to, nhtrng co sa de xac dinh trach nhiern boi thirong , nguci phai boi thuong, ngiroi diroc boi thirong va mire b6i thuong, BLDS khong quy dinh cu tM cac dieu kien lam phat sinh trach nhiern , rna diroc quy dinh tai Nghi quyet so 03/2006/HDTP-TANDTC 8/7/2006 huang dan ap dung mot so quy dinh cua BLDS v~ boi thirong thiet hai bon dieu kien la: - C6 thiet hai xay - Hanh vi gay thiet hai la hanh vi trai phap luat - C6 16i cua nguoi gay thiet hai - C6 moi lien M nhan qua gitra thiet hai va hanh vi trai phap luat Nang Iuc va nguyen tac boi thuong thiet hai 3.1 Nang luc chiu tracb nhiem hoi thuong thiet hai Nguoi gay thiet hai co thS la bit cu chu thS nao: Ca nhan, phap nhan, co quan Nha nuoc nhung viec b6i thuong thiet hai phai nguoi co "kha nang" b6i thuong va chinh ho phai tham gia vao quan h~ nghTa V\!, m~c dit banh vi gay thi~t h:;ti co thS kh6ng chinh hQ th\Ic hi~n BLDS quy djnh v~ nang l\Ic chiu trach nhi~m b6i thuang thi~t h:;ti clla ca nMn (Di~u 606 BLDS) ma kh6ng quy djnh v~ nang l\Ic b6i thuang cua cac Chll thS khac Bai v~y, cac Chll thS kMc duQ'c coi la co trach nhi~m b6i thuang thi~t h:;ti Xuit phat ill nang lire chu th~ cua d nhan tham gia vao quan M dan S\T, BLDS quy dinh nang hrc chiu trach nhiern cua ca nhan phu thuoc vao mire de:)nang luc hanh vi , tinh trang tai san va kha nang b6i thuong cua ca nhan 3.2 Nguyen tde b6i thuang thift h{li Duoc quy dinh cu th~ tai DiSu 605 BLDS Nguyen t~c chung la thiet hai phai b6i thuong tcan bo va kip thoi, B6i thuong toan be:)thiet hai hanh vi trai phap luat gay la nguyen t~c cong bang, hop ly phil hop voi muc dich ciing nhu clnrc nang phuc h6i cua ch@dinh phap luat B6i thuong kip thai cho nguoi bi thiet hai tao diSu kien cho ho khac phuc tinh trang tai san bi thiet hai Viec quyet dinh b6i thuong kip thai co y nghia to 16'n d6i voi nan nhan viec ciru chua, han ch@thiet hai, boi cac chi phi cho viec ciru chua benh nhan nhiSu vuot qua kha nang cua nan nhan Xac djnb thi~t hlili Thier hai 1a diSu kien d~u tien lam phat sinh nghia vu b6i thuong N guyen t~c b6i tlnrong toan be:)thiet hai chi co th~ thirc hien duoc d~y du va chinh xac xac dinh toan be:)thiet hai la bao nhieu va tren co sa xac dinh rmrc b6i thuong Xac dinh thiet hai la mot viec kho khan va phirc tap, Nhirng thiet hai phai b6i thuong la thiet hai ve tai san, thiet hai ve sire khoe, thiet hai tinh mang bi xam hai Tho; han dU'Q'cb6i thuong Thai han duoc b6i thuong la khoang thai gran rna nguoi duoc b6i thuong tinh rnang, sire khoe bj xam hai Thai gian duoc b6i thuong xac dinh dua vao kha nang nguoi bi thiet hai tao duoc thu nhap hay khong? Sau dff 6n dinh sire khoe va nguoi duoc dp duang dn phai dp duang hay khong? Can ciTvao kha nang; lao d¢ng cua h9 d~ xac dinh thai h~n dugc huang Chuong BOI THlJONG THI.¢T HA-l NGOAI HOP DONG TRONG MOT TRlJONG HOP so cu THE BOI THUONG THI~T H~I DO NGUON NGUY HIEM CAO DO GAy RA (DIEU 623 BLDS) v an d~ 1,9luan phap luat lien quan den trach nhiem b6i thuong thiet hai ngu6n nguy hiem cao dQ gfly diroc BQ Luat Dan Sir nam 2005 quy dinh tai dieu 623 va huang dfin cu th~ tai phan III, Nghi quyet 03/NQ-HDTP 8/7/2006 cua HQi d6ng tham phan toa an nhan dan tci cao (sau day goi chung la Nghi Quyet 03/2006) Thuc te cho thay muc dfch cua nha lam luat tach rieng cac quy dinh v~ b6i thirong thiet hai ngu6n nguy hiem cao gay mot dieu luat Ia nham khang dinh va rang buoc nghia vu, cling nhu bao ve quyen va loi ich hop phap cua cac chu th~ c6 loi ich lien quan den ngu6n nguy hiem cao dQ quan he xa hoi thuong Tuy nhien thuc tien ap dl,lng hien nay, voi tinh hinh tai nan giao thong mot tang, thiet hai ngu6n nguy hiem cao gay nhieu, tien hanh to tong mot so van d~ virong mac da sinh nhir: The' nao The' nao fa giao chiem fa chu so hiiu ciing phdi boi thuang khong co loi? hiiu, su dung ngu6n nguy hii'm trdi phdp ludt? Muc de? b6i thuang co l6i La bao nhieu khong co loi? Nhimg van M tren khien viec bao ve quyen va loi Ich hop phap cua dtrong s11nhieu khong diroc dam bao, dieu dang n6i han la S11thieu thong nhat viec ap dung phap luat cua cac co quan tien hanh to tung, cu th~ la toa an nhan dan cac cap, da khien tfnh nghiern minh cua phap Iuat khong duoc dam bao, viec sua an, huy an cua toa an cap tren voi to an cap diroi chua c6 can ClI r6 rang Trong pharn vi bai ti~u luan nay, tac gia xin manh dan ban v~ mot so van de vuong mac ap dung quy dinh: "Trach nhiem boi thuong thiet hai ngu6n nguy hiern cao d¢ gay ra" thuc tien tien hanh to tung 1.1 Ve nguyen tac boi tlureng Khac voi trach nhiern boi thtrong thiet hai ngoai hop dong n6i chung, nguyen tac dam bao yeu to16i b6i thirong thiet hai nguon nguy hiem cao d¢ gay d1ldiroc loai trir co nghia chi dn xac dinh diroc chu th~ co nghia vu boi thuong, c6 hau qua xay ra, c6 moi quan he nhan qua gitra hanh vi va hau qua la d1lxac lap diroc mot moi quan he boi thirong dan str ngu6n nguy hiern cao d¢ gay Dieu quan phai xac dinh I6i tnrong hop la 16i c6 mOL quan h¢ nhdn qud vai hdu qud xdy ra, 16i xudt phdt tu hanh vi gay hdu qud Cu tM thea quy dinh tai khoan Dieu 623 BLDS va diem C muc phan III Nghi quyet 03 nam 2006 thi ve nguyen tac chung chu s6 htru, ngiroi diroc chu s6 hiru giao chiern hiru SITdung hop phap nguon nguy hiern cao d¢ phai boi thuong thiet hai nguon nguy hiem cao gay ca khong c6 16i, trir cac tnrong hop sau day: Thier hai xay la hoan toan I6i co y cua ngiroi bi thiet hai, Theo tac gia, can nhan dinh r5 I6i tnrong hop Ia loi doi v6i hau qua xay B6i Ie tren thuc tien 16i co y cua hanh vi chua h~n la co y hoan toan doi voi hau qua Vi du: Xe mo to dang tham gia giao thong thea dung quy dinh cua phap luat thl bat ngc c6 nguoi lao vao xe nr tiX va hau qua la ngiroi bi thirong nang hoac chet Trong tnrong hop chu sa htru.nguoi diroc chu giao chiern hfru, SITdung h9'P phap xe to d6 khong phai bdi thuong thiet hai nguon nguy hiem cao d¢( xe rno to gay ra) Tuy nhien neu A dang lai xe InO to, B cho san nhay vao chan ngang tnroc dilu xe A de dinh gay danh A, sau B bi A tong xe chet Truong hop B chi c6 16i hoan toan doi voi hanh vi doi voi hau qua B khong c6 16i, v~y A khong bi lottrong cac quyet dtnh sau day: + Tien hanh thu tuc thu ly Y1:l an neu thuoc tham quyen giai quyet cua minh + Chuyen dan khoi kien cho toa an co tham quyen va bao cho nguoi khoi kien neu vu an thuoc tham quyen cua toa an khac, + Tra lai don khoi kien neu viec khong thuoc thdm quyen giai quyet cua tea an 3.4.5 NtJp tam ung an phi va chi phi totung khdc Nguoi tieu dung tien hanh khoi kien phai nQP tien tarn ling an phi thea rmrc quy dinh cua nha mroc (dieu 130 BQ luat TTDS) Khi nguoi tieu dung yeu cau toa an tnrng cau giam dinh thl phai nop tien tarn irng chi phi giam dinh dieu 136 BQ luat TTDS) 3.4.6 Yeu cdu ap dung bien phap khdn cap tam thiti Nguyen don (ngiroi tieu dung) co tM yeu cau toa an ap dung cac bien phap khan cap tarn thai co the buoc ben bi kien thu hoi san pham neu viec tiep tuc cho hru thong hang hoa co tM gay hau qua nghiern (nhat la cac loai thiet hai khong tM khac phuc duoc - khoan 1, dieu 99, khoan 12 dieu 112, dieu 115 bo luat TTDS) 3.5 M(>t vai de xuat va kien nghi Ngiroi tieu dung Viet Nam rat de bi t6n thirong nhung chua duoc cac che tai phap luat bao ve mot each chat che, dung rmrc Ngay cit ho bi thiet hai cling khong bier "keu ai" de duoc giai quyet mot each thoa dang (ly da neu muc I) do chung toi de xuat va kien nghi mot s6 van de sau: 3.5.1- Trong dieu kien ngiroi tieu dung e ngai viec khoi kien tnroc mat can ap dung che an phi d~c biet d6i voi cac vu kien nguoi tieu dung hoac hoi bao ve ngiroi tieu dung khoi kien thea huang khong buoc nhfrng ngiroi phai nQP tarn ung an phi tien hanh khoi kien va du co thua ho ciing khong phai nQP an phf 3.5.2- Nghien ciru de b6 sung quy dinh quyen khoi kien ciia nguoi tieu dung thea huong nguoi tieu dung co the khai ki~n bat Cll chu6i phan ph6i san pham (nM san xuat, nha ban buon, ban Ie, d~i lY) 3.5.3- Ap dung CO che khoi kien tap thl HQi ngiroi tieu dung c6 quyen chu dong khoi kien (kh6ng can uy quyen cua nhimg ngiroi bi thiet hai) nhat Ia cac vu kien ma doanh nghiep gay thiet hai cho ngtroi tieu dung pharn vi rong 3.5.4- Can quy dinh b6 sung ngiroi gay thiet hai phai b6i thirong cac chi phi (cac chi phi di Iai, chi phi thue luat su, thai gian thea kien ) 3.5.5- Xay dung he thong co quan giarn dinh du nang lire nham cung cap chirng cir mot each day du, khach quan giup nguoi tieu dung c6 cluing cir xac thuc M c6 co hoi thang kien nhieu hon 3.5.6- Nghien ciru viec ap dung che trach nhiem doi voi nha san xuat, phan phoi san pham cung cap dich vu voi nhieu mire b6i thuong khac va thea huang kh6ng buoc ngiroi tieu dung phai chirng minh, bi benh tat, bi thiet hai san pham gay va kh6ng phai cluing minh 16i cua nha san xuat, phan phoi rna chi can ngiroi tieu dung cluing minh ho da SIT dung san pham kh6ng dung chat luong da duoc nha san xuat c6ng be san pham c6 doc hai hoac san pharn doc hai d6 rna nguoi tieu dung da phai ganh chiu thiet hai hoac c6 tM se bi benh, thiet hai la duo 3.5.7- BUQccac nha san xuat, phan phoi, cung cap dich vu c6 cac quy dinh cu th~ ve cac tnrong hop ho se phai chiu trach nhiem boi thuong tnrc tiep cho ngtroi tieu dung, mire b6i thirong phai c6ng bo c6ng khai Muc dich cua viec boi thuong thiet hai ngoai hop d6ng khong chi nham bu d~p t6n th~t rna giao due moi nguoi vS y thirc twin thu phap luat, ton quyen loi ich hop phap cua nguoi khac, boi Ie, hau qua cua viec ap dung trach nhiern luon rnang dSn nhirng b~t IQ'ivS tai san cho nguoi gay thiet hai Do do, cac nguyen t~c b6i thuong duoc d~t cang chinh xac, hop 11bao nhieu cang phat huy duoc tac dung dam bao su cong bang xa hoi b~y nhieu Chung ta dSu biSt r~ng d6i voi nhtrng truong hop b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop d6ng rna nguoi gay t6n hai chi lam t6n th~t vS tai san cho nguoi bi thiet hai thi viec b6i thuong de khac phuc lai tinh trang ban dftu cua tai san la co the thuc hien duoc tren thuc tS nhung cac truong hop gay t6n that tinh than nghiem thi khong co each nao khoi phuc lai duoc tinh trang ban dftu Qua nghien ciru h9C t~p tac gia th~y rang cac van ban phap quy huang d~n vS phuong dien cling co nhieu khiem khuyet chua dfty du chua dap irng duoc nhu cftu cua thuc ti€n Voi rnong muon gop phftn hoan thien phap luat vS phuong dien 11luan tac gia xin dS xu~t mot s6 v~n dS sau sua d6i b6 sung nha lam lu~t luu tam b6 khuyet: Ttue nltat : f)iSu 612 B(,>Luat Dan su va Nghi quyet 0312006/Nf) Hf)TP (Ngay 8-7-2006) chua quy dinh vS mai tang phi cho nguoi duoc dp duong chSt N guoi bi gay thiet hai vS sire khoe m~t hoan toan kha nang lao dong da duoc nguoi gay thiet hai nuoi duong dSn chet Nhung se la nguoi chiu khoan mai tang phi nguoi chet, day la "16 hong "cua phap luat rna khiSn cho cac luat gia lam cong tac thuc ti€n cling lung tung tnrong hop SO'dT nhu v~y boi lu~t chua r5 rang do khong co co so phap li de quy bu('>ctrach nhi~m Khi b('>lu~t dan S\l' duQ'c sua d6i b6 sung thi co quan l~p phap nen xem xet v~n de de quy djnh 1u~t thea huang nguai dUQ'cdp duO'ng chSt thi mai tang phi phili nguai dp duO'ng chiu vi: M('>tnguai cu('>c s6ng da phl,l thu('>c hoan toan vao khoan tiSn dp duong nguoi khac cung dp thi nguoi chet kho co the co tai san de chi phi mai tang cho nguoi (nhitt la truong h9'P ngiroi kh6ng than thich), Thte hai : Viec nu6i duong nguoi chua nien, Khi chua bi thiet hai (chua mitt hoan toan sire lao dQng, hoac chet) nguoi bi gay thiet hai vS sire khoe kh6ng nhtrng co nghia vu nu6i duong cho chua nien rna phai chi phi cho ho hoc hanh, ho mitt hoan toan sire lao dong hoac chet thi co trach nhiem bao dam cho cac nguoi bi thiet hai vS khoan tiSn dong gop de ho thea hoc nhu truce b6, me ho dii 10 cho ho? Do sua d6i, b6 sung cac nha lam luat nen xem xet quy dinh b6 sung nhirng chi phi hoc t~p cua cac vi nien cua nguoi bi gay thiet hai vi viec nu6i an va duong due co tftm quan nhu nhitt la thai dai kinh t~ tri thirc Thit ba: Quy dinh vS b6i thuong thiet hai BQ lu~t dan su va Nghi quyet 03 moi chi dam bao t6i thieu cho sir t6n tai cua nguoi bi gay thiet hai rna chua quan tam d~n quyen duoc tiep c~n cuoc song nhu nhirng nguoi binh thuong khac (quyen muu cftu hanh phuc va thea cac quyen dan su duoc bao darn tuong lai nhu truce nguoi bi gay thiet hai) Do v~y nhfrng nha lam lu~t cftn hru tam d~n vitn dS nh~m dam bao cho nhfmg nguoi v6n dii bitt hanh duoc huang nhfrng quyen luat phap quy dinh Thif til': La cling quy dinh vS khoan tiSn b6i thuong tinh mang bi xam pham, thea quy dinh 610 BQ Luat Dan Sir 2005 thi thiet hai tinh mang bi xam pham cling bao gem nhitng chi phi hop li va nghia vu dp duong nhu diSu cua Nghi quyet 388/2003/NQ - UBTVQH 11 nhung quy dinh vS khoan tiSn bu dip t6n thitt vS tinh thftn thi BQ luat dan su va Nghi quyet 388 co Sl,T khac biet ro ret Theo quy dinh tai khoan dieu 610 BLD S 2005 thi khoan tien bu dip t6n thitt vS tinh than a muc t6i da kh6ng qua 60 thang luang t6i thieu NM nuac quy dinh, nhung thea Nghi quy6t 388 thi khoan bli dip vS tinh thftn la 360 thang luang t6i thieu, D~ dang nh~n thity, khoan tien bu d~p tinh than cho nhung nguoi than thich cua ca nhan nhtrng nguoi bi gay thiet hai v~ tinh mang, quan h~ dan sir, thea rmrc nhu hien la qua th:lp kh6ng bao dam sir dung hoa v~ linh vue dan sir va hinh sir mac du khoan ti~n bu d~p t5n th:lt v~ tinh th~n cho nhirng nguoi than thich cho cung mot sir kien (Dan str chi bing 1/6 voi hinh su) Tir sir phan tich tren nguoi vi6t nghi rang sua d5i BQ luat dan su 2005 cac nha lam luat nen can nhac d~ tang rmrc b6i thirong bu d~p t50 th:lt v~ tinh th~n truong hop tinh mang ca nhan bi xam pham cho phu hop voi thuc tiSn boi Ie su dau buon, nuoi tiec S\I kien la nhu Thu ndm: La v:ln d~ giai quyet phan dan su vu an hinh su (xem xet g6e dQ b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop d6ng) Cac vu an hinh su e6 y6u t6 dan su - b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai hop d60g thuong keo dai rna yeu du cua b6i thuong thiet hai la phai b6i thuong toan bQ va kip thai, nhung phap luat nuoc ta chua quy dinh v~ viec b6i thuong truce dua VI,l an hinh su xet xu Tire la chua c6 ban an c6 hieu hrc thi chua phai b6i thuong, v:ln d~ phap luat dang bo ngo nen nhi~u truong hop nguoi gay thiet hai hoac nguoi c6 nghia vu phai b6i thuong kh6ng c6 mot dong thai nao rna nguoi bi thiet hai va gia dinh lam VaGtinh trang qu~n bach m:lt kha nang lao dQng hoac ch6t Thi6t nghi cac nha lam luat nen xem xet v:ln d~ nay, Ttue sau: MQt s6 giai phap nham tuan thea nguyen t~c nguoi bi gay thiet hai nguoi c6 thim quyen cua CO' quan ti6n hanh t6 tung gay duoc thuc hien b6i thuong kip thai va toao bQ D~ dam bao duqc nguyeo t~c treo thi: CO'quan ti6n hanh t6 t\log b~t bUQcphai I~p quy dl,l'phoog cho vi~c b6i thucmg thi~t h~i Ngu6n quy d6 duqc trich thea mQt ti I~ % nh:lt dinh tu ngu6n v6n ogan sach Nha nuac cung c:ip d~ ho~t dQng m6i nam tai chinh S6 ti~n d6 duqc ki quy va mQt tai khoan phong toa t~i mQt ngan hang Nha nuac Troog tntang hqp nguai c6 thim quy~n clla cO'quan t6 t\lng gay thi~t h~i thi hanh nhiem V\l thi ngan haog nh~n ki quy duog khoan ki quy d6 cua cO'quan d6 toan cho nguai bi thi~t h~i thea yeu du cua toa an hoac co qua Nha mroc co tham quyen Truong co quan tien hanh t6 tung dang thi hanh cong hop nguoi co tham quyen cua VI;t rna co 16i gay thiet hai cho nguoi khac, thi co quan quan li nguoi co nghia VI;t phoi k€t hop voi ngan hang nhan ki quy d~ kh~u tnr vao luang va nhung thu nhap hop phap khac cua ngtroi (nhimg khong qua 30% thu nhap hang thang), d~ hoan tra vao tai khoan ki quy thea mire hoan tra thu tnrong cao nh~t cua Co' quan d6 quyet dinh Thte bay: VS v~n dS hoan thien phap luat bao v~ nguoi tieu dung da duoc r~t cu th~ phan dS xu~t kien nghi cua phan tren bai nghien ciru day tac gia chi khai quat lai rang: Cac quy dinh vS phap luat bao v~ nguoi tieu dung n6i chung va b6i thuong thiet hai cho nguoi tieu dung n6i rieng can nang vS hinh thirc va xo cirng chua giln voi thuc tiSn nen r~t kho su dung lam cong cu bao v~ quyen loi nguoi tieu dung co hieu qua, v~y r~t mong sua d6i b6 sung cac quy dinh Quoc hQi nen quan tam xem xet v~n dS d~ cac quy dinh phap lu~t d~ han ch€ t6i da nhfrng tieng ca tham thiet cua dan lanh: Vi du nhtr : "H€t banh pho, d~u phu d€n mroc tuong? Chung toi khong can long tin vao b~t cir sin pham nao nira Chung toi khfin thi€t keu goi luang tam cua cac nha san xuat, hay vi sire khoe cua dan chua dung VI tiSn, vi loi nhuan rna lam hai dan hai nuoc'' "Toi la nguoi rna khong th~ an cam neu khong co nuoc tuorig va bay gio toi muon kien cac nha san xu~t nuoc tuong - ca nhtrng nguoi da song bang tiSn cua nhan dan chung toi d~ lam cong viec ki~m soat ch~t luqng an toan HQ da d~ toi an phai ch~t 3-MCPD (ch~t gay ung thu) su6t nam trai" "Tot di ki~n VI mU6n cong Iy va phap lu~t phii duqc ton trQng quySn 1qi nguo·i tieu dung phii duqc bio v~ Toi nghI mlnh dan dQc VI;t kien vi hang trieu nguoi tieu dung bi hra d6i nhi~u nam qua se ung h(> toi" Cac y kien tren duoc trich dftn tren bao Ti~n Phong 2016/2007 va y kien cua ban doc duoc dang tren di~n dan VietNamNet s6 30105/2007 Vai y ki~n tren khep lai bai nghien cuu Mac du da: c6 ging nhi~u nhung kien thirc co han nen tac gia mong cac thay co giao va nhfrng nguoi am hi€u phap luat dong gop y kien d€ tac gia hoan thien han kien thirc cua minh Tac gia xin chan cam on! 50 50 TAl LI"¢U THAM KHAo B(3ludt dan Slf ndm 1995, Nxb Lao dong xa h(>inam 1996 B(3 ludt dan su nam 2005, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia nam 2005 Cdc quy dinh phap ludt v~ trach nhiem b6i thuong thiet hai Nxb Chinh tri Quoc gia, nam 1997 Cdc quy dinh phap ludt v~ b6i thuong thiet hai- Nxb Thong ke, nam 2000 Giao trinh ludt dan su Vi¢t Nam, t~p 1,2 dai h9C luat Hi Noi Nxb C6ng an Nhan dan nam 2008 Hoang Chau Giang Hoi dap v~ nhiing win a~ c6! y~u cua b(3ludt dan Slf ndm 2005, Nxb Tu phap, nam 2006 Hoi dap v~ ludt dan S1;l' Vi?! Nam, Nxb Lao Dong - Xa h(>inam 2004 Ng6 Quynh Hoa, Vii Thu Hi6n - Hoi dap phap ludt v~ b6i thuong thiet hai, Nxb Lao Dong Huynh Van Hoai - Tim hidu cac van ban phap ludt v~ kinh doanh bao hdm va b6i thuong thiet hai, Nxb Th6ng ke nam 2001 10 Dinh Trung Tung, Binh ludn nhicng n(3i dung moi cua b(3 ludt dan sic ndm 2005, nha xuit ban Tu PMp narn 2005 11 Luat su Le Van Tham, Tim hidu v~ b6i thuong thiet hai ngoai h9P a6ng, Nxb Chinh tri QU6c gia narn 2005 12 Truong Dai hoc Luat Hi Noi, Tit aidn giai thich thudt ngii ludt h9C, Nxb C6ng an Nhan dan nam 2008 13 Tim hidu nhiing aidm moi cua b(3 ludt dan Slf (2005), Nxb C6ng an Nhan dan nam 2006 14 Phap ludt v~ trach nhiem b6i thuong thi?t hai: Tim hidu phap ludt Huyen Nga, Huang Lan, Chau Loan suu t~p va h~ thong boa- Tp H6 Chi Minh: Nxb Tp H6 Chi Minh, nam 1992 15 Tap chf toa an nhan dan ky II thang narn 2008 (so 18) 16 M9t s6 trang web: http://google.com.vn http://luathoc.vn http://sinhvienluat http://thongtinphapluatdansu http://chinhphu.vn http://vietlaw.gov.vn http://wikimedia.org wordpress com MlJC LlJC Trang MODAU 1 Li chon d~ tai Muc dich nghien CUll va pham vi nghien cuu 2.1 Muc dich nghien CUll 2.2 Pham vi nghien ctru Co sa ly luan va phuong phap nghien CUll EO C1,lCcua tieu luan NOIDUNG Chuong 1.KHAI ~M TRAcH N~M B61 THlJONG T~T H~ NGOAI HQPD6NG Khai niem Dieu kien phat sinh trach nhiem bOi thuong thiet hai ngoai hop dong N a~ng Ivc nguye'nt~ ac boiI thtirrcong thiieet haait va' 3.1 Nang luc chin trach nhiem bOi thtrong thiet hai Nguyen tic b6i thuong thiet hai Xac dinh thiet hai 5 Thai han duoc b6i thuong Chuong BOl THl.JONGT~T HAl NGOAI HOP DONG TRONG MOT so TRWNG HOP ClJTHE BOi tlnrong thiet hai nguon nguy hiem cao gay (Dieu 623 BLDS) 1.1 v« nguyen tiic bdi thirong 1.2 Chu th6 chiu trach nhiem b6i thuong , " 1.2.1 Chu sa hfru nguon nguy hiem cao de> 1.2.2 Nguoi duoc chu sa htru giao chiern htfu, su dung nguon nguy hiem cao 11 V e" tr.aach nhirem lien d0o'1b0'"1 1l"en d0o1 thu' ong ]3 Trach nhiem, thu tuc boi tlnrong thiet hai doi,v6i oan sai to tung 14 2.1 D~tv~n d~ 14 2.2 Trach nhiem cua Nha nuoc 15 2.3 Phan dinh trach nhiem gifra cac co quan ti~n hanh 16 tung 16 2.4 Phan dinh trach nhiem giira co quan chu quan va ca nhan 18 2.5 Trinh tu, thu tuc b6i thuong thi~t hai 20 2.6 K~t luan va mot s6 ki~n nghi 25 BOi thuong thiet hai vi pharn quyen loi nguoi tieu dung 28 3.1 DiH van de 28 3.2 BOi thuong thiet hai vi pharn quyen loi nguoi tieu dung 30 3.2.2.1 CD thiet hai xay 31 3.2.2.2 C6 hanh vi trai phap luat 37 3.2.2.3 C6 moi quan he nhanqua 38 3.2.2.4 Phai c616i co y hoac 16i vo y cua nguoi gay thiet hai 40 3.3 Tinh huong va each giiii quyet 40 3.4 Quy trmh khoi kien tai toa an doi boi thtrong 42 3.4.1 Thoi hieu khoi kien yeu cau doi bOi thirong thiet hai 42 3.4.2 Quyen khai kien 42 3.4.3 Th:1mquyen giai quyet 43 3.4.4 Thu tuc khoi kien 43 3.4.5 Nop tarn img an phi va chi phi 44 to tung khac 3.4.6 Yeu cau ap dung bien phap khan cap tarn thoi 44 3.5 M¢t vai de xuat vakien nghi 44 TAl L~U TIlAM KHAo 51