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v
Contents
Page
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xii
List of Maps xii
List of Contributors xiii
Preface and Acknowledgement xxi
Acronyms xxiii
Chapter 1 Empowerment and Transformation in
South Africa 1
Meshack M. Khosa
Chapter 2 South Africa and Globalisation
21
Oumar Bouare
Chapter 3 Globalisation, Economic Crisis and South African
Vulnerabilities
75
Patrick Bond
Chapter 4 Post-Apartheid South Africa: An Overview
of International Economic Relations (1994-1999)
107
Logan Rangasamy
Chapter 5 Interest Group Participation and Democratisation:
The Role of the National Economic Development
and Labour Council
137
Gregory F. Houston
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Chapter 6 Towards an Institutional Framework for
Managing Agricultural Export Trade
Promotion
175
Meshack M. Khosa
Chapter 7 First Employment Experiences of Graduates 213
Percy Moleke
Chapter 8 Poverty Alleviation, Employment Creation and
Sustainable Livelihoods in South Africa 229
Asghar Adelzadeh, Cynthia Alvillar and Charles Mather
Chapter 9 Tracking South Africa’s Spatial Development
Initiatives
249
Christian M. Rogerson
Chapter 10 Towards a Framework for Rural SMME
Development in South Africa
271
Christian M. Rogerson
Chapter 11 The Politics of Water Management: The Case
of the Orange River Development Project
299
Tony Emmett and Gerard Hagg
Chapter 12 Drought and Floods in Post-Apartheid
South Africa
329
Patrick Bond and Greg Ruiters
Chapter 13 Public Appraisal of Social and Economic
Infrastructure Delivery
377
Meshack M. Khosa
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Contents
vii
Chapter 14 Public-Private Partnerships, Public Infrastructure
Investment and Prospects for Economic Growth in
South Africa
409
Tjiamogale Eric Manchidi and Andrew Merrifield
Chapter 15 Rethinking Gender, Empowerment and
Development
423
Miranda Miles
Chapter 16 The Empowerment Challenge: Not Yet Uhuru? 441
Meshack M. Khosa
Index
449
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ix
List of Tables
4.1
SA trade ranked according to total trade, exports
and imports (1998) 111
4.2
SA trade ranked according to trade blocks 114
4.3
South Africa’s trade with the EU and the SADC Rm 115
4.4
SA exports to the EU and SADC 117
4.5
Investment flows into SA (1994-1999) 124
4.6
Sector profile of foreign investment (1994—end of
June 1999) 125
7.1 Immediate employment by population group and field
of study 216
7.2 Duration of unemployment before finding a job for those
who did not secure immediate employment 217
7.3 Employer sector 218
7.4
Extent to which degree helped to secure employment 220
7.5
Value of degree to present employment 221
7.6
Perceived applicability of educational level for first job 222
7.7
Extent to which first job corresponded with occupational
expectations held while studying 225
13.1
“There is a lot of talk about what the government’s
priorities should be for the next 10 years. Which impor-
tant priority would you consider the most important?” 378
13.2
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you
say the delivery of the following services has changed
in the area where you live, if at all?” 381
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13.3
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [running water] has changed in the area
where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 383
13.4
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [running water] has changed in the area
where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 384
13.5
Comparing perceptions of improvement in the provision
of running water, by province 386
13.6
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [electricity] has changed in the area where
you live, if at all?” (Total population) 387
13.7
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [electricity] has changed in the area where
you live, if at all?” (Population group) 388
13.8
Comparing perceptions of improvement in the provision
of electricity by province in December 1998 and
November 1999 389
13.9
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [affordable housing] has changed in the
area where you live, if at all?” (Total popultion) 390
13.10
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [affordable housing] has changed in the
area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 391
13.11
Perceptions of improvement in affordable housing, by
province 392
13.12
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [health care] has changed in the area
where you live, if at all?” 393
13.13 Perceptions of health care by population group 394
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List of Tables
xi
13.14
Comparing perceptions of health care improvement
in December 1998 and November 1999, by province 395
13.15
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you
say [tarred roads and street drainage] have changed
in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 396
13.16 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[tarred roads and street drainage] have changed in the
area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 397
13.17
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[water-borne sewage disposal] has changed in the area
where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 397
13.18
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[water-borne sewage disposal] had changed in the area
where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 398
13.19
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you
say the delivery of [public transport] has changed
in the area where you live, if at all?” (Total population) 399
13.20
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
the delivery of [public transport] has changed in the
area where you live, if at all?” (Population group) 400
13.21
Comparing perceptions of improvement in the provision
of public transport, by province 400
13.22
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[waste removal] has changed in the area where you live,
if at all?” (Total population) 401
13.23
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[waste removal] has changed in the area where you live,
if at all?” (Population group) 402
13.24 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[police services] have changed in the area where you
live, if at all?” (Total population) 402
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13.25
“Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[police services] have changed in the area where you
live, if at all?” (Population group) 403
13.26
Comparing perceptions of improvement in th e delivery
of local police services, by province 404
13.27 “Since the general election of 1994, how would you say
[education services] have changed in the area where you
live, if at all?” (November 1999) 405
14.1
SA infrastructure backlog 411
14.2 Common types of infrastructure PPPs 415
14.3
Alternative structures of BOT-type projects 415
List of Figures
7.1
Sources of career guidance 223
7.2
Satisfaction with source of career guidance 224
14.1
Public sector borrowing requirements (% of GDP) 412
14.2
Modes of PPPs and levels of private sector involvement 416
List of Maps
Chapter 9
Location of Spatial Development Initiatives 250
Chapter 10 Location of rural SMME case studies 281
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Towards a Framework for Rural SMME …
281
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Empowerment throughEconomic Transformation
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Africa’s internationally competitive industries” (Department of Trade and
Industry, n.d.).
As a result of the importance attached to the SDI programme and to the
high profile of its activities in contemporary South Africa, it is not surprising
that SDIs have spawned a host of recent writings. The existing literature on
SDIs includes works that focus on generic issues (Elliffe & Manning, 1996;
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[...]... This book, EmpowermentThroughEconomic Transformation, is the third in a series of volumes that arose as part of a research programme to understand the state of transformation in South Africa The first two volumes, Infrastructure Mandates for Change and EmpowermentThrough Service Delivery, which were published in 2000, received a critical recep tion and review EmpowermentThroughEconomic Transformation. .. un dergoing transformation; possibilities and limits of deepening democratic governance; and questions of economic justice within the context of processes that exclude the poor from opportunities 2 Empowerment and Transformation in South Africa Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za EmpowermentEmpowerment has come to mean different things to different people According to Pranab Bardhan, economics professor... Political empowerment is about access of individuals and household members to the process by which decisions, particularly those affecting their own future, are made Friedmann (1996) does not see political empowerment as the power to vote only, but also the power of voice and of collective action 3 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za EmpowermentthroughEconomicTransformation Psychological empowerment. .. on issues o f local economic development, small enterprise development and urban and regional change He is the author of over 180 published articles on aspects of economic development in Southern Africa, including two co -edited volumes, South Africa’s informal economy and Geography in a changing South Africa xix Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za EmpowermentthroughEconomicTransformation Greg... www.hsrcpress.ac.za EmpowermentthroughEconomicTransformation Patrick Bond is associate professor of economic policy at the University of the Witwatersrand Graduate School of Public and Development Management, which he joined in 1997, and is also volunteer research associate of Alternative Information and Development Centre (AIDC) He has also worked at the National Institute for Economic Policy, taught... theorising about empowerment This requires an understanding of globalisation, 5 EmpowermentthroughEconomicTransformation Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za increasing inequality, increasing debt, structural adjustment programmes and processes of democratisation Theorising transition A large body of literature theorises about the nature, direction and consequences of political and economic transitions... industrial transformation, and in Brazil and India the state is in between, sometimes helping, sometimes hindering (Evans, 1995) The adoption of the Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy as a macro -economic framework for South Africa in June 1996 is seen as marking an important shift to neo -liberalism This 9 Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za EmpowermentthroughEconomic Transformation. .. takes a critical look at empowerment to provide a window through which the contradiction between structural inequality and democracy can be unpacked This (the first) chapter constitutes four sections Drawi ng from a large body of literature on empowerment, the first section critically assesses the concept empowerment The argument is that the dominant theoretical interpretations of empowerment impose limits... from www.hsrcpress.ac.za List of Contributors Asghar Adelzadeh is currently a research director at the National Institute for Economic Policy (NIEP), Johannesburg, where he specialises in macro -economic theory and policy, macro -economic modelling, inter national economics, economic development, and international trade law Adelzadeh obtained a B.A from the New School for Social Research He also studied... private investment in public infra structure xvii Free download from www.hsrcpress.ac.za EmpowermentthroughEconomicTransformation Charles Mather is a lecturer in the Geography Department at the University of the Witwatersrand He completed a Ph.D in geography at Queens University, Canada, on aspects of agrarian transformation in rural South Africa during apartheid Since then his research has focused . -
tion and review.
Empowerment Through Economic Transformation explores in detail
the theoretical concepts around empowerment and transformation. While. download from www.hsrc
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Empowerment through Economic Transformation
xiv
Patrick Bond
is associate professor of economic policy at the University