Những đóng góp mới về học thuật, luận văn : Luận án đã được hệ thống hóa và làm rõ 7 nội dung quản lý các khu du lịch quốc gia (KDLQG) tại khu du lịch; that is: Công ty quản lý quy hoạch và đầu tư phát triển; Quản lý hoạt động kinh doanh dịch vụ du lịch và hoạt động của hướng dẫn viên du lịch; Đầu tư quản lý, khai thác và bảo vệ tài nguyên du lịch; An toàn quản lý cho khách du lịch; bảo đảm, an toàn xã hội, môi trường bảo vệ trong khu du lịch; Xây dựng quản lý và cung cấp thông tin hệ thống về KDLQG server du khách; Xây dựng quản lý và phát triển KDLQG hình ảnh thương hiệu; and Management du lịch dịch vụ marketing thông tin. Luận án đã xác định 4 yếu tố nhóm ảnh hưởng đến việc quản lý các KDLQG tại vùng du lịch; that is: The element environment are mode - macro policy; Tự nhiên môi trường yếu tố, kinh tế - xã hội, văn hóa - lịch sử địa phương; Chuỗi yếu tố cung cấp dịch vụ du lịch của khu du lịch địa phương; Nội dung yếu tố tại tổ chức KDLQG máy quản lý tại địa phương. - The new results about đánh giá thực thi : Hệ thống luận án được 9 bài học kinh nghiệm có thể vận dụng để hoàn thành việc quản lý KDLQG vùng du lịch Trung du và núi miền Bắc (TD & MNPB) Việt Nam trên cơ sở Nghiên cứu kinh nghiệm của một số KDLQG tiêu biểu ở Việt Nam và một số khu du lịch cấp quốc gia tại Trung Quốc và Thái Lan. Pa-la-liệt và đánh giá khách hàng, toàn diện những thành công, giới hạn chế độ thực hiện 7 nội dung quản lý các KDLQG vùng du lịch TD & MNPB. Luận án cũng giải thích các nhân sự hạn chế trong quản lý KDLQG khu du lịch TD & MNPB. - Các mới xuất đề về chính sách, giải pháp : Luận án được xuất ra 2 nhóm giải pháp có hệ thống tính toán và có căn cứ khoa học thực hiện nhằm hoàn thiện công việc quản lý các KDLQG khu du lịch TD & MNPB Việt Nam; That is the group solution to complete the content management KDLQG and group solution to complete the management KDLQG. Luận án cũng được xuất ra một số kiến nghị đối với các Bộ, Ban, Ngành có liên quan, ở cấp TW và địa phương, nhằm hoàn thiện việc quản lý các KDLQG vùng du lịch TD & MNPB Việt Nam.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING THUONG MAI UNIVERSITY DANG THUY TRANG THE MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIST AREAS IN THE NORTHERN MIDLAND AND MOUNTAINOUS REGION SUMMARY OF ECONOMIC DOCTORAL THESIS Hanoi, 2022 The dissertation has been completed at the Thuong Mai University Supervisor Assoc Prof, Dr Nguyen Thi Nguyen Hong Assoc Prof, Dr Hoang Van Thanh Examiner 1: …………………………… Examiner 2: …………………………… Examiner 3: …………………………… This doctoral dissertation will be defended at the TMU-level Board of Examiners at Thuong Mai University on…………………………………………… This doctoral dissertation can be found at: National Library of Vietnam Library and Information Centre, Thuong Mai University, Hanoi INTRODUCTION The necessarity of the thesis National tourist areas play an important role for localities and countries through the economic, social and environmental aspects that create sustainability in these areas The development of the national tourist attractions would contribute to attract investment, improve infrastructure, technical facilities and create favorable conditions for the economic development of the local areas where the national tourist areas are located, such as creating jobs for the people in the tourist area, helping them to increase their income, enhance their quality of life gradually Moreover, the environment in the national tourist attractions are attracted siginificantly Tourism resources are guaranteed to be exploited effectively to ensure preservation and sustainable development Developing the national tourist atttractions in order to better accommodate tourists and bring more and more benefits to other stakeholders (such as local authorities, tourism companies and communities), thereby ensuring bring economic efficiency and sustainable development to the national tourist zones itself and the local areas Therefore, the management of the national tourist zones have an important significance in ensuring the quality of tourism products and services, improving the quality of tourism services, protecting the natural environment It also ensures that the tourist area develops in accordance with the orientation and plan of the State According to the Master plan on Viet Nam tourism development to 2020, vision 2030 by the Prime Minister, , Vietnam has 49 potential areas to incease national tourist areas in 43 provinces and cities There are 28 zones that have been approved by the Prime Minister with the aim to develop the national tourist zones; places officially recognized as national tourist areas include: Ho Tuyen Lam National tourist areas (Lam Dong Province), Sa Pa National tourist zones(Lao Cai Province), Nui Sam National tourist attractions (An Giang Province), Tra Co National tourist areas (Quang Ninh Province), Mui Ne National tourist zones(Binh Thuan Province) and Hung Temple National tourist sites (Phu Tho Province) The Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region includes 14 provinces of Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lao Cai, Bac Kan, Lang Son, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Bac Giang, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Hoa Binh This is an area with unique natural resources and valuable ecosystems, with many historical sites associated with cultural traditions and the nation's struggle to defend the country Ethnic groups living here still preserve and preserve a long-standing culture with many unique traditional festivals and many attractive folk games With many potentials and advantages in both natural tourism resources and cultural tourism resources, the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region is an attractive tourist destination for tourists who want to explore about Vietnam The Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region has zones that have been recognized as national tourist areas, namely Sa Pa National Tourist Area (Decision No 1927/QD-TTg dated December 1, 2017 on recognition of Sa Pa national tourist area, Lao Cai province) and Hung Temple National Park (Decision No 3040/QD-BVHTTDL dated October 22, 2020 on the recognition of Hung Temple National Tourist Area, Viet Tri city, Phu Tho province); And 10 tourist areas are planned to become national tourist resorts, including Dong Van Karst Plateau Park (Ha Giang), Ban Gioc Waterfall Resort (Cao Bang), Mau Son Resort (Lang Son), Ba Be Lake Resort (Bac Kan), Tan Trao tourist area (Tuyen Quang), Nui Coc lake tourist resort (Thai Nguyen), Thac Ba lake tourist resort (Yen Bai), Moc Chau tourist resort (Son La), Dien Bien Phu-Pa Khoang tourist resort (Dien Bien), Hoa Binh Lake tourist resort (Peace) It is these national tourist areas that have created the driving force for tourism development in the region in recent years The management of national tourist attractions in the region is essential to contribute to sustainable tourism development Actually, the tourism industry of the provinces in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region has made progress and development despite the COVID-19 epidemic; but It is not proportional to the advantages of the tourism area The management of the national tourist area also reveals limitations such as: The management of planning and investment has not been synchronized and lacks linkage between localities in the tourist area and in the vicinity; The management and development of tourism products as well as tourism brand development are still limited, the tourism product system is monotonous, the competitiveness is not high, and it is not attractive to investors; The promotion and promotion of tourism have not been paid due attention; in some places, some localities have not yet performed well the management, exploitation and protection of tourism resources, so many violations still occur; The management, training and development of tourism human resources in the region still not have specific and clear development strategies The relationship between the Management Board of the national tourist area and the local community and tourism businesses has not been unified and close… This problem has many causes, both objective and subjective, that need to be overcome in order to promote it Tourism in the national tourist area of the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region will develop in the coming period Therefore, It is necessary to fulfill the management of national tourist area in the region There have been many scientific research works, domestic and foreign topics on tourism development in tourist areas in general and in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region in particular These research works have provided the theoretical basis and perspectives, approaches to the development of tourism here, theoretical issues about the tourism area, the situation of tourism development in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region It can be affirmed that the study of the management of the national tourism zone in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region is very important, meaningful and attractive in investigating By the above assessments and comments, the PhD student would choose the topic "Management of the national tourist areas in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region" as the topic of my doctoral thesis in economics The author would hope that this thesis makes a small contribution to the development of tourism in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region Research objectives and tasks Research objectives: The research objective of the thesis is to propose solutions to improve the management of national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region Research tasks: With the above research purpose, in the content of this thesis, the main research tasks are: - Reviewing overview of the research situation and determining the research method of the thesis - Systematizing and clarifying the theory on national tourist areas, on national tourist area management in tourist areas - Researching experience in management of some tourist resorts in the world and in Vietnam, drawing lessons to apply to the national tourist areas in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region - Analyzing and evaluating the reality on management of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region to propose the limitations and causes - Recommending solutions to improve the management of national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region in 2025, with a vision to 2030 Some research questions of the thesis Through the research objectives and tasks, the thesis focuses on answering the following research questions: - What is a national tourist area? Which contents are management of the national tourism zone in the tourist area? - What is the current reality on management of national tourist areas in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region and what are the limitations in the period 2015 - 2019? What are the factors affecting the management of the national tourist area in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region? - How the management of national tourist areas improve? What are the solutions to improve the management of national tourist areas in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region in 2025, with a vision to 2030? Object and scope of the study Research subjects: The research object of the thesis topic is the theoretical and practical issues of national tourist areas management in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region in Vietnam Research scope: The management of national tourist areas has a very broad content in terms of subject and management content The thesis focuses on researching the management of the national tourist areas from the perspective of local state management of the national tourist areas in that local region Thus, the central State's management of the national tourist areas is not directly studied by the thesis That means in this thesis: Management of the national tourist area is understood and clarified as the Local State Management of the National Tourist Area On the other hand, the management of the national tourist area includes many contents, both the management of tourism activities and other activities in the national tourist area The thesis focuses on researching tourism management for the national tourist area - On the subject of management: Focusing on research on subject levels: Provincial People's Committees and Provincial Departments of Culture, Sports and Tourism; Management Board of national tourist areas - On the objects of management: The thesis studies groups Group 1: National tourist area has been recognized, including Sa Pa and Hung Temple; and Group 2: 10 tourist areas are planned to become national tourism zones - Regarding the scope of research contents: Within the scope of the thesis, the PhD student focuses on researching contents of national tourist area management, including: Management on planning and development investment; Management on business activities of tourism services and tour guides; Management on investment, exploitation and protection of tourism resources; Management on safety of tourists, ensuring social order and protect the environment in the tourism area; Management on the construction and providing information system about the national tourism areas catering for tourists ; Management on the construction and development of the brand image in then national tourism areas; and Management on marketing promotion for tourism services The thesis does not study the methods and tools of state management for the national tourist areas - Regarding the scope of research space: The thesis has a research space of 14 provinces in the Northern Midland and Central Highlands (Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lao Cai, Bac Kan, Lang Son, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Bac Giang, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Hoa Binh) The region has 12 national tourist resorts, including: Dong Van Karst Plateau Park (Ha Giang), Ban Gioc Waterfall Resort (Cao Bang), Mau Son Tourist Park (Lang Son), Ba Be Lake Tourist Park (Bac Kan), Tan Tourism Park Trao (Tuyen Quang), Nui Coc Lake (Thai Nguyen), Sapa (Lao Cai), Ho Thac Ba (Yen Bai), Hung Temple (Phu Tho), Moc Chau (Son La), Dien Bien Phu-Pa Khoang (Dien Bien), Ho Hoa Binh Tourist Park (Hoa Binh) In which, by October 2021, there are officially recognized national tourist areas These are Sa Pa, Lao Cai Province (according to Decision No 1927/QD-TTg dated December 1, 2017 of the Prime Minister) and Hung Temple, Viet Tri City, Phu Tho Province (according to Decision No 3040) /QD-BVHTTDL dated October 22, 2020 of the Minister of Culture, Sports and Tourism) The remaining 10 tourist areas are developed to become national tourism zones - Regarding the scope of research time: The thesis focuses on studying the current situation in the period from 2015 - 2019, proposing solutions to improve the management of the national tourist areas in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region in Vietnam by 2025, with a vision to 2030 New contributions of the thesis The thesis has made some new contributions to management of national tourist area in both theoretical and practical aspects, specifically: * Theoretical aspects: The thesis has systematized and clarified some theories about the management of the national tourist areas, including the concepts of the management at national tourist areas, the influencing factors on the management of national tourism zones in tourist areas * Empirical aspects: Firstly, the thesis proposes some lessons for Northern Midland and Mountainous tourism Region in the management of the national tourist zone through the study of management experience in domestic and foreign tourist areas; Secondly, the thesis assesses the current status of management of national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Tourism Region Contents of management of the National Park include: The thesis has analyzed contents of management on national tourist areas (national tourism zones) in tourist areas including: Management on planning and development investment; Management on business activities of tourism services and tour guides; Management on investment, exploitation and protection of tourism resources; Management on safety of tourists, ensuring social order and protect the environment in the tourism area; Management on the construction and providing information system about the national tourism areas catering for tourists ; Management on the construction and development of the brand image in then national tourism areas; and Management on marketing promotion for tourism services Thirdly, the thesis recommends a solution to improve the management on national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region in order to develop the tourism economy of the area The research results are a scientific basis to provide useful information for managers of tourism in general and managers of localities in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region in particular, business managers who are operating or prepare to participate in tourism business in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region in Viet Nam Specifically: - Regarding agencies about state management of tourism: The thesis can be used to support the management and exploitation, protection of tourism resources and planning policies in national tourist zones of tourist areas in Vietnam to develop tourism - Regarding local authorities in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region: The topic provides the orientations to help local authorities manage the national tourist areas in the province in terms of making decisions to develop sustainable tourism as well as bring economic efficiency - Regarding companies relating tourim service: The thesis gives suggestions to help companies build, exploit and develop new, long-term and effective tourism products in the Northern Midland and Mountainous Region - For universities and colleges with training in tourism: The thesis can be used as a reference and research on the management of the national tourism zone in tourist areas The structure of the thesis The main content of the thesis consists of chapters CHAPTER OVERVIEW AND METHODS OF THE RESEARCH 1.1 The overview of the research In the overview of the research, the researcher summarizes the works related to the subjects, the objects and the research scope of the topic including issues: (1) The research works related to the state management of tourism; (2) Research works related to tourism and national tourist areas; (3) Research works related to the management of tourist resorts and the management of national tourist areas; (4) Research works related to tourism development management in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region By the summary of previous studies, the author claims that these studies have not mentioned comprehensively and comprehensively the contents of the management of the national tourist area; There has not been any research work on investigating a management model of the national tourist areas Furthermore, there has not been any research that directly studies the management of the national tourism zone in the Northern Midlands and Mountains Region in the period 2015 - 2019; Research works have not yet given a specific system of solutions to improve the state management of the national tourist areas in general and the Northern Midlands and Mountains region in particular Recognizing the gaps of published research works, the the author would choose the topic: "Management of national tourist areas in the Northern Midlands and Mountains tourism region" The author would suggest that the thesis could inherit the results of some previous studies in terms of theories about tourist areas, tourism in general, state management of tourism, environmental factors, legal system, tourism, culture - society and the economy in the sustainable development of the Northern Midlands and Mountains region and in some specific localities in the region Then, the researcher continued to research, discover and clarify the following issues: - The concept of a national tourist area, the contents of the management of the national tourist area in the tourism regions - The reality of management of national tourist areas in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region, factors affecting the management of national tourist areas in the Northern Midlands and Mountains region - Proposing solutions to improve the management of national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region 1.2 The method of research The thesis has used the methods of data collection including primary and secondary data for analysis, comparison, synthesis and statistics Using a combination of different research methods could meet the research objectives of the topic CHAPTER THEORETICAL BASIS AND EMPIRICAL EXPERIENCE ON MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIST AREA 2.1 The contents of the national tourist area and the management of the national tourist area 2.1.1 National tourist area and tourist resort The concept of tourist resort: In Vietnam, the concept of a tourist area has been stipulated in the Law on Tourism 2017: “A tourist resort is an area with the advantage in tourism resources, which is planned, invested and developed to meet diverse needs of tourists The tourist resort includes the local tourist area and the national tourist area” The concept of national tourist area: The national tourist area is a place having particularly attractive tourism resources with natural landscapes as an advantage and capable of attracting a large number of tourist; which is planned, invested to meet the diverse needs of tourists The place would gain the social- economic effectiveness and the benefits of entertainment; satisfying some conditions of cognitions on law and governmental agencies accepted these conditions officially In Vietnam, a national tourist area is recognized by the Prime Minister's decision for a tourist spot that fully meets the corresponding standard conditions Pursuant to Article 26 of the 2017 Tourism Law and Article 13 of Decree No 168/2017/ND-CP on Regulations on a number of articles of the 2017 Law on Tourism, a national tourist site must satisfy the following conditions: First, a national tourist resort is a place having particularly attractive tourism resources with natural landscapes as an advantage and capable of attracting a large number of tourists Second, “being in the section of potential development areas for the national areas that the governmental agencies approved” A national tourist resourt is planned, invested, developed in terms of the goals of tourism development in the nation for each period to improve the national tourism Third, “Having necessary infrastructure and tourist service facilities capable of providing services for different tourists” Forth, “Having national transport and telecommunications infrastructure system” Fifth, “meeting the conditions for security, social order and safety, and environmental protection as prescribed by law”… 2.1.2 The management of economy and the State management of tourism The management of economy is as state management of the economy, which is an organized and targeted influence of the State on the national economy in order to make the most effective use of resources to achieve goals economic development of the country The State management of tourism is the influence of the State's power on tourism activities in order to create unity in tourism organization and activities, ensure tourism development while conserving natural resources maintain and develop culture, protect the legitimate rights and interests of tourists, organizations and individuals doing tourism business, and encourage all economic sectors to participate in tourism development 2.1.3 The management of national tourist areas The management of national tourist area is an organized and regulated influence by the State's legal power on human tourism processes and activities in order to conserve cultural and landscape resources and increasingly develop tourism activities at national tourist sites in order to develop sustainably and achieve socio-economic efficiency set by the State 2.2 The contens of the management of national tourist areas Within the scope of the thesis, the PhD student has limited his research to focus on the content of tourism management of the national tourist area in a tourism region including: - Management of planning and development investment - Management on business activities of tourism services and tour guides - Management on investment , exploitation and protection of tourism resources - Management on safety of tourists, ensuring social order and protect the environment in the tourism area - Management on the construction and providing information system about the national tourism areas catering for tourists - Management on the construction and development of the brand image in then national tourism areas - Management on marketing promotion for tourism services 2.3 Some factors effecting the management of the national tourist areas 2.3.1 Factors of institutional environment - Macro-policy Management of the national tourist area is affected by the following factors: Trend of international economic integration; trends of science and technology development; The situation of political security and national culture; The State's socio-economic development policy and the orientation local tourism development 2.3.2 Factors of natural environment, socio-economic, cultural – historic communities; Factors of natural environmental, socio-economic, cultural and historical communities play a very important role for tourism development in general and the management of the national tourist area in particular, including: Natural resources of local tourism; Socio-economic conditions in the communities; Cultural and historical characteristics of the communities 2.3.3 Factors of tourism supply chain in local tourism zones Management of the national tourist area is affected by the supply chain factors of tourism services of the local tourist area as follows: Infrastructure system and technical facilities for tourism in the local area where the national tourist area is located; Enterprises providing tourism services at the national tourist area; Human resources for tourism in the communities with national tourist areas; Tourists; Local residential community 2.3.4 Domestic factors of the organization management apparatus for the tourism areas in local regions The level of Awareness and management capacity of state management agencies in charge of tourism 2.4 Experience of management on national tourist resorts in the nation and the international regions and lessons for the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region The PhD student has selected and investigated the management experience in some national and international national parks, including: - Wudalianchi National Forest Park in Heilongjiang Province, China - Salawin National Park, Thailand - Tuyen Lam Lake National Tourist Area, Lam Dong Thus, lessons have been drawn for the national resort areas and the Northern Midlands and Mountains tourism region CHAPTER THE CURRENT SITUATION OF MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIST AREAS IN THE MIDLANDS AND MOUNTAINOUS TOURISM REGION IN VIETNAM 3.1 Overview of the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region of Vietnam and the national tourist areas in the region - Some national tourist areas is recognized including : Sa Pa, Hung Temple - The tourist area is planned to become a national tourist area: Dong Van Karst Plateau, Ban Gioc Waterfall, Mau Son, Ba Be Lake, Tan Trao Resort, Nui Coc Lake Resort, Thac Ba and Moc Chau, Dien Bien Phu - Pa Khoang, Hoa Binh Lake Table 3.1 Some national tourist areas and the plan of national tourist areas the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region No 10 11 12 Tourist spots Dong Van Stone Plateau Ban Gioc waterfall Mau Son Ba Be Lake Tan Trao Nui Coc Lake Sa Pa Thac Ba Lake Hung Temple Moc Chau Dien Bien Phu- Pa Khoang Hoa Binh Lake Province Ha Giang Cao Bang Lang Son Bac Kan Tuyen Quang Thai Nguyen Lao Cai Yen Bai Phu Tho Son La Dien Bien Hoa Binh (Source: Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism) According to Institute for Tourism Development Research, only national tourist areas out of 12 these arreas have a management board; the remainders not have a tourism management board Table 3.5 The types of the Management Board in the national tourist areas in Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region nowadays No Types National tourist areas Sa Pa Hung Temple Nui Coc Lake The Management Dong Van Stone Board of provincialPlateau level Peoples Moc Chau Committees Dien Bien Phu- Pa Khoang Hoa Binh Lake 10 11 12 The Management Board of Department of Culture, Sports and Tourism The Management Board of District People’s Committee Management Board The Management Board of Lao Cai The Management Board of Hung Temple The Management Board of Nui Coc Lake The Management Board of Dong Van Stone Plateau The Management Board of Moc Chau The Management Board of Dien Bien Phu- Pa Khoang The Management Board of Hoa Binh Lake Tan Trao The Management Board of Tuyen Quang Ba Be Lake The Management Board of Ba Be Lake Thac Ba Lake Mau Son Ban Gioc waterfall (Source: Institute for Tourism Development Research) 3.2 Results on analyzing the current situation of management content of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region 3.2.1 Status on management of planning and development investment Planning and development investment is the most important management content in the management of national tourism areas in the Northern Midland and Mountainous tourism region Focusing on management of tourism activities, protection of tourism resources, and business management of tourism services to meet the requirements of operation management of the national tourist areas This activity is aimed at exploiting the region's tourism business to the highest standards and meeting the mental and physical entertainment needs of visitors when travelling in national tourist areas in the region 3.2.2 Status on management of tourism service business and activities of tour guides The types of tourism services in the Northern Midland and Mountainous tourism region are lacking in quantity and limited in quality No Management Board The Management of tour guide activities: The Management Board of national tourist areas, in collaboration with the provincial Departments of Culture, Sports and Tourism in managing tour guides in the area has promoted efficiency and achieved some siginificant results 3.2.3 Status on management of investment, exploitation and protection of tourism resources Although the issue of preserving the diversity of tourism resources, especially natural tourism resources, is receiving great attention, but according to the survey, the development of national tourist areas in the region is not currently associated with efforts to conserve nature and diversity of resources 3.2.4 Status on management of ensuring safety for tourists; ensuring social order and safety, and protecting the environment in the tourist resort This activity focuses on warning information, applying necessary measures to prevent risks, ensure the safety of health, life and property of tourists and the community Paying attention to ensuring the security and order situation, a safe tourist environment for tourists; arrange and maintain a force on duty at points frequently visited by tourists At the same time, request and mobilize tourism business establishments to build standard toilets, creating a green, clean and friendly environment to serve tourists 3.2.5 Status on maangemnt of construction and provision of an information system on national tourist sites to serve tourists In recent years, the construction of a system of signs, signposts and information points has been paid great attention by the authorities and the management boards of the nationak tourist area in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region This activity aims to better serve the information needs of visitors Specifically, the system of signs, signposts and information points at national tourist sites provide tourist information to guide tourists about the location, distance, system of shopping points, services, etc additional service… 3.2.6 The status of management, construction and development of the national tourist area's brand image In recent years, the construction and development of the national tourism brand image in the national tourist resorts of the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region has been carried out on the basis of the strategies and policies of the management agency in order to create great attraction and build a brand image Basically, the relevant parties are responsible for building and developing the brand image of the national tourist resorts in the region 3.2.7 The status of tourism service marketing communication management In the current context of marketing communication development, the management of national tourism zones in the the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region region is increasingly focused on the management of marketing communications for tourism services In recent years, this activity has been carried out based on research on the strengths of the national tourist area to have a communication strategy for marketing products and building an appropriate image 3.3 Analysis of the current situation of factors affecting the management of the national tourist area in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region The impact of factors affecting the management of the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region is evaluated at different levels There are factors in this locality that have a lot of impact, but conversely, in other local areas, the impact is very modest 10 Through the results of sociological investigation in the national tourist area in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region, these factors have a positive influence on the management of the national tourist area in the region To be specific, the local socio-economic conditions with the lowest impact level is 2.98 and the national political and cultural security situation; Local tourism resources with the highest level of 3.53 In addition, other factors are also recognized and evaluated at different levels, but they all greatly affect the management of these spots 3.4 General assessment of the management status of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region 3.4.1 Achievements and causes The management of planning and investment in development of the national tourism zone in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region is carried out quite synchronously, in accordance with the tourism development planning of the local, regional and the whole country, promoting the efficiency of management in the process and development of national tourist areas Management of investment, exploitation and protection of tourism resources towards the goal of sustainable tourism development, focusing on conservation activities and sustainable exploitation of tourism resources, exploitation of economic but limit negative impacts on tourism resources Management of construction and provision of an information system about the national tourist areas to serve tourists: The construction of a sign system in the recent period has received more attention from the leaders of the national tourist areas to facilitate visitors to have clear information about the shopping malls, amusement parks, dining areas Special locations, the amount of information provided on the sea is also paid more attention to ensure the durability and effectiveness of the signs Management of building and developing the brand image of the national tourist areas: The building and development of the brand image of the national tourist area has been and is receiving more and more attention Management of marketing promotion for tourism services: Localities in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region have invested and implemented the application of communication technology, e-Marketing and social networks to improve the effectiveness of promoting national tourist attractions The reasons for the success are: The Government has been focusing on policies to adjust the structure of tourism development for the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region; Diversified tourism resources of localities with national tourism zones; The level of awareness and management capacity of the state management agency on tourism in the locality of the Northern Midlands and Mountains region also brings about certain effectiveness in the management of national tourism zones in the region Ensure consensus on viewpoints in leadership and direction in each locality, between departments, departments and agencies 3.4.2 Limitations and causes Management of planning and development investment: The planning and investment in the development of national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Northern mountainous region have not been carried out methodically, are still movement, local and not have a broad vision and have not been implemented yet enough depth Management of tourist service business and tour guides: The management of tourist service business is not really strict, so the phenomenon of attracting tourists still causes many troubles nuisance to visitors Tour guides 11 are still mainly local people, so the quantity and quality are not guaranteed, the professional skills are not really methodical and the service quality is not really professional Management of investment, exploitation and protection of tourism resources: The work of raising awareness about the awareness and responsibility to protect tourism resources for the local community in the national tourist area is still limited It's formal, so it's not very effective In addition, the Northern Midland and Northern mountainous region is an area that often suffers from many natural disasters such as heavy rains causing floods and severe landslides, which directly affect the management of the national park's resources and affect the physical facilities of the national park Management on safety of tourists, ensuring social order and protect the environment in the tourism area: Although there have been many efforts in ensuring the safety of tourists, because the area of the Northern Midland and Northern mountainous region has many dangerous tourist spots The sparse population of the people causes a limitation in the rescue and rescue activities in the national tourist area when there are situations that happen to tourists The safety of health, life and property of tourists and the community has not been really focused The tourist environment is still polluted Management of construction and provision of an information system about the national tourist areas to serve tourists: Although it has been focused on, the sign system in the national tourist area has not been updated in time, causing many obstacles for visitors tourists and affect the security and safety of visitors Management of building and developing the brand image of the national tourist areas; The management of the development of specific tourism products and the building of the national tourism brand's brand is not really outstanding The organization of various types of community-based tourism in some national tourism zones is not strong and has not received adequate attention and investment The causes of the above problems are shown in the following aspects: The level of awareness and professional capacity of all levels and branches in the state management agencies in the localities with the national tourist area is still limited; The situation of problems and overlaps in management still occurs in most of the national tourist area; A number of Management Boards of the national tourist area (Sa Pa, Hung Temple, Moc Chau) were established, but the organizational structure of the personnel apparatus all work under the part-time regime, there are no specialized personnel , so the management is not effective; Human resources for tourism in the national tourist area are still lacking and very weak; The management of tourism promotion and promotion for the national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region is still quite simple, without creativity; The approach to innovation in management and operating technology is still inadequate due to lack of capital in investment… CHAPTER SOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF NATIONAL TOURIST AREA IN NORTHERN MIDLAND AND MOUNTAINOUS TOURISM REGION TO 2025, A VISION TO 2030 12 4.1 Forecast and orientation to improve the management of national tourist areas in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region 4.1.1 Forecast for development of the national tourist area and tourism market in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region Next time, the national tourist area and the tourism market are forecasted to tend to develop based on cooperation Global trends and tourism cooperation are taking place strongly between countries and between regions International tourism cooperation develops according to the travel needs of people in the world The trend of domestic tourists to national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region will constantly increase when Vietnam's economy is stable, people's material and spiritual life is improved, tourism and resort needs of the people population is also increasing 4.1.2 Orientation for development of national tourist areas and tourism market in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region According to Resolution No 08-NQ/TW dated January 16, 2017, the orientation should focus on turning the tourism industry into a spearhead industry for the economic development of the region It is necessary to continue to strengthen and develop the tourism product system, focusing on developing the main tourist product lines and driving regions Continue to call for investment in developing key tourism products with competitive advantages of the province in terms of cultural - historical tourism; eco-tourism, convalescence, sports - entertainment Expand and develop new potential tourism products: creative tourism, thematic tourism, adventure tourism, shopping Continue to promote and support the development of regional linkages and localities in the region to create cohesion in tourism development, promote and introduce unique tourism products of each locality in particular and of the Northern Midlands and Mountainous tourism region 4.1.3 Orientation to fulfill the state management of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region In order to be able to perfect the state management of national tourism zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region, it is necessary to ensure that tourism development is in line with Vietnam's tourism development strategy, with the orientation of tourism development in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region to have a can develop tourism at the fastest speed, focusing on developing in depth; developing tourism with focus, focus and sustainability; promote the development of linkages between localities in the region and neighboring regions; in which focus on developing cultural tourism, eco-tourism and border tourism so that tourism activities are both modern but still promote folklore values in activities 4.2 Solution for management of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region 4.2.1.Solution to complete the contents of management in national tourist area - Complete management of planning and development investment - Complete management of business activities of tourism services and tour guides - Improve investment management, exploitation and protection of tourism resources - Improve the management to ensure safety for visitors; ensure social order and protect the environment in the tourist resort 13 - Complete construction management and provide an information system about the national tourist area to serve tourists - Improve the management of construction and development of the brand image in the tourist area - Complete management of promotion for tourism services 4.2.2 Solutions to fulfill the management of the national tourist area - Building a national tourist area management model - Strengthen and ensure the management capacity of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region - Strengthening the training and retraining of tourism human resources - Invest in tourism infrastructure and technical facilities - Focus on developing markets - tourism products - Promote linkages and cooperation in tourism development - Raise awareness of the residential community - Accelerate the application of science and technology - Strengthening assurance of national defense, security and social order 4.3 Some recommendations In order to improve the management of national tourist resorts in the Northern Midlands and Mountainous region, and propose some solutions, the researcher also made various recommendations including: - Make recommendations to central agencies including Vietnam National Administration of Tourism, Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Ministry of Planning and Investment, and Ministry of Finance - Make recommendations to local agencies such as Department of Transport; Department of Planning & Investment; Industrial and commercial facilities; Department of Information & Communication; Environmental resource base CONCLUSION The thesis has conducted research, synthesis and analysis to propose groups of effective solutions These solutions are divided into two groups, which is the group of solutions to complete the management of the national tourist area and the group of conditions to improve the management of the national tourist area In order to create a legal corridor and favorable conditions for the development of a national tourism zone in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region, the thesis has proposed a number of specific recommendations for central and local agencies Compared with the set goals and tasks, the thesis has accomplished the following contents: Firstly, through the synthesis, analysis, and study of documents, the thesis has systematized theoretical issues about tourist areas, national tourism zones, state management of tourism, and management of national tourism zones in tourist areas.Studying the experience of managing national tourism zones in the world and in Vietnam and drawing some lessons for the management of national tourist zones in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region 14 Secondly, to research, analyze and evaluate the state management status of national tourism areas in the the Northern Midland and Mountainous región in Vietnam; at the same time, the thesis also explores and analyzes a number of key factors, from macro to local level, that can affect the management of the national park according to the local state management approach Thirdly, based on the analysis of the current situation, the thesis has assessed the advantages and limitations of state management for the national tourist area in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region, and at the same time pointed out the causes of that situation The thesis has summed up the direction and proposed the point of view on completing the state management of the national park in the region From there, propose a number of groups of solutions and recommendations to contribute to perfecting the state management of the national tourism zone in the the Northern Midland and Mountainous tourism región next time The research results of the thesis hope to have theoretical and practical significance, meeting the requirements and urgency of tourism development in the national tourist area of the Northern Midland and Mountainous region The thesis is also a suggestion for managers to refer to in the process of managing tourism activities in general in localities The thesis will be the basis for other regions, regions and localities to study and study Despite efforts throughout the research process, the thesis cannot avoid certain limitations Within the framework of this thesis, there are still a number of issues that have not been clarified due to the limited access to information on secondary data sources of the national tourist area that have been recognized and are planned as national tourist area in the the Northern Midland and Mountainous tourism region, there are no aggregated data from the tourism industry,…; In addition, due to professional qualifications and research time, in the content of the thesis, the PhD student has not studied the tools and methods of managing the National Parks Next time, the autor will continue to collect data and research so that we can continue to come up with effective solutions suitable to the actual situation to promote the development of tourism activities and complete the work State management for tourism in general and for national tourist area in the Northern Midland and Mountainous region in particular LISTS OF SCIENCE WORKS PUBLISED IN THE PERIOD OF THE PHD’S TRAINING RELATING TO THE THESIS [1] Đặng Thùy Trang, Nguyễn Mạnh Hùng (2015), Quản lý nhà nước phát triển nguồn nhân lực ngành du lịch Việt Nam, Tạp chí Quản lý Nhà nước, Số 231, tháng năm 2015 [2] Đặng Thùy Trang, Nguyễn Thùy Trang (2015), Giải pháp phát triển du lịch biển đảo Lý Sơn, Tạp chí Khoa học Thương mại, Số 85, tháng năm 2015 [3] Đặng Thùy Trang, Nguyễn Thùy Trang (2016), Giải pháp tăng cường vai trò quản lý nhà nước du lịch bối cảnh hội nhập, Tạp chí Công thương, Số 9, tháng năm 2016 [4] Đặng Thùy Trang (2021), Những nhân tố tác động đến quản lý nhà nước địa phương cấp tỉnh dịch vụ du lịch, Tạp chí Cơng thương, Số 20, tháng năm 2021 15 [5] Dang Thuy Trang, Pham Minh Dat, Le Bach Giang (2021), State management of tourism services in Ha Giang Province, Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Educantion (TURCOMA), 2021 16 17 ... in the Northern Midland and Central Highlands (Ha Giang, Cao Bang, Lao Cai, Bac Kan, Lang Son, Tuyen Quang, Yen Bai, Thai Nguyen, Phu Tho, Bac Giang, Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Hoa Binh) The... Province, China - Salawin National Park, Thailand - Tuyen Lam Lake National Tourist Area, Lam Dong Thus, lessons have been drawn for the national resort areas and the Northern Midlands and Mountains... Son Ba Be Lake Tan Trao Nui Coc Lake Sa Pa Thac Ba Lake Hung Temple Moc Chau Dien Bien Phu- Pa Khoang Hoa Binh Lake Province Ha Giang Cao Bang Lang Son Bac Kan Tuyen Quang Thai Nguyen Lao Cai Yen