[...]... defects occur in approximately 1% of newborns and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and children Many adult cardiac diseases also have developmental basis, such as heart valve malformations, among others Therefore, dissecting the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying such defects in embryos is of great importance in prevention and developing therapeutics for heart diseases... penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin 1 Use of Whole Embryo Culture for Studying Heart Development 5 4 100× Glucose in Phosphate Buffer Saline (PBS): 140 mM NaCl, 10 mM phosphate buffer, 3 mM KCl, pH7.4 Make a 200 mg/mL glucose stock, and dilute to 2 mg/mL working concentration Filtered and kept at 4°C Make fresh every few months 3 Methods 3.1 Preparation of Media and Other Materials 1 Prewarm HBSS and thaw... overexpression are two convenient tools to study gene function during embryogenesis (4) Stable knockout fish can also be established via TILLING or zinc finger nuclease Xu Peng and Marc Antonyak (eds.), Cardiovascular Development: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 843, DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_2, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 11 12 T Hoage et al (ZFN)-based technology (5–7)... remodeling, develop into a distinct set of arteries that receive blood from the aorta to supply the head, neck, and upper limbs of the body These arteries Xu Peng and Marc Antonyak (eds.), Cardiovascular Development: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol 843, DOI 10.1007/978-1-61779-523-7_3, © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 21 ... diseases that manifest in infants or later in adults Whole embryo culture is a valuable tool to study cardiac development in midgestation embryos, in which ventricular chambers are specified and expand, and the myocardium and endocardium interact to form various cardiac structures including heart valves and trabecular myocardium (Cell 118: 649–663, 2004; Dev Cell 14: 298–311, 2008) This technique is essentially... differentiation, and morphogenesis are demonstrated previously (Cell 118: 649– 663, 2004; Dev Cell 14: 298–311, 2008; Nature 446: 62–67, 2010) Here we describe a method of embryo culture in a common laboratory setting without using special equipments Key words: Whole embryo culture, Myocardium, Trabeculation, Endocardial cushion, Heart valve Xu Peng and Marc Antonyak (eds.), Cardiovascular Development: Methods and. .. Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA YOH-SUKE MUKOUYAMA • Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA MARIAPPAN MUTHUCHAMY • Department of Systems Biology and Translational... Crabtree, G R (2003) Sonographic staging of the developmental status of mouse embryos in utero Genesis 36, 7–11 Chapter 2 Quantifying Cardiac Functions in Embryonic and Adult Zebrafish Tiffany Hoage, Yonghe Ding, and Xiaolei Xu Abstract Zebrafish embryos have been extensively used to study heart development and cardiac function, mainly due to the unique embryology and genetics of this model organism Since... TAYLOR • Department of Pathology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA YUTAKA UCHIDA • Laboratory of Stem Cell and Neuro-Vascular Biology, Genetics and Developmental Biology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA VINCENT VANBUREN • Department of Systems Biology and Translational Medicine, College... placed on a moist sponge, ventral-side up (b, c, e and f) Maximum ventricular diastole (VD) and ventricular systole (VS) are shown, with the width depicted as a white dashed line and the length as a black or gray dashed line Outflow tract (O) and atrium (A) are labeled in images (b, c) For the red blood cell flow rate assay, (g) 5-dpf, (h) 15- and 21-dpf, and (i) 6-week fish are placed horizontally on their . cardiovascular development research. Cardiovascular development: methods and protocols cover many new state-of-the-art techniques in the fi eld of cardiovascular development. Part I Model Organisms sdfsdf 3 Xu Peng and Marc Antonyak (eds.), Cardiovascular Development: Methods and Protocols, Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 843,