THEORETICAL BACKGROUND

1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT During the process of studying at Duy Tan University in Da Nang, I have been taught whole-hearted by the teachers, imparting knowledge so useful In fact, there was no success without helping from the teachers With the deepest gratitude, I would like to thank the school-board and whole the teachers in the English Faculity – Duy Tan University for arranging and creating good conditions for me Fristly, I would like to express my gratitude to Ms Phan Thi Nhu Gam who directly guide me in this graduation paper I thank her for help me through my graduation paper and transfer of precious experience, which will prepare me for knowledge to get to the future Secondly, I would like to thank my family and all the friend who supported me in completing graduation paper They encouraged and gave me a lot of advice during my difficult times Due to limited time and experience, so my graduation paper can make mistakes Looking forward to evaluation and comments from the teachers in order to I can improve and enhance the skills myself The last, I wish the teacher good health, and success in your enterprise At the same time, I wish Mrs Phan Thi Nhu Gam would be in good health and happiness, achieve much success in the work A great thankful! Sincerely, Trinh Thi Thu Huong Student: Trinh Thi Thu Huong Supervisor: MA.Phan Thi Nhu Gam STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP Except where reference is made in the text of the thesis, this thesis contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in the whole or in part from a thesis by which have qualified for or been awarded another degree or diploma No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the thesis This thesis has not been submitted for award of any degree or diploma in any other tertiary institution Student: Trinh Thi Thu Huong Supervisor: MA.Phan Thi Nhu Gam ABSTRACT This graduation paper is the suggested translation of chapter 11 and half of chapter 12 in the book “The People of Yesterday” written by Maggy Van Eijk In addition, I also analyze some problems that cause difficulties in the translation process such as vocabulary and structure And at the end, I will present some of the results I have drawn in the process of completing the report Student: Trinh Thi Thu Huong Supervisor: MA.Phan Thi Nhu Gam ABBREVIATIONS TL : Target Language SL : Source Language P : Pharagraph Student: Trinh Thi Thu Huong Supervisor: MA.Phan Thi Nhu Gam TABLE OF CONTENT ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .i STATEMENT OF AUTHORSHIP .ii ABSTRACT iii ABBREVIATIONS .iv CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims: 1.2.2 Objects: 1.3 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY .2 1.3.1 The Text Features 1.3.2The Text Length 1.3.3The Text Organization 1.3.4The Sources 1.4 METHOD OF THE STUDY CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .5 2.1 DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION 2.2 TYPES OF CATEGORIES .5 2.2.1 Full vs Partial Translation: .6 2.2.2Total vs Restricted Translation 2.2.3Phonological translation 2.3 PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF TRANSLATION 2.3.1Methods 2.3.2 Word-for-word translation 2.3.1.2 Literal Translation 2.3.1.3 Free Translation 2.3.1.4 Faithful Translation: 2.3.1.5 Semantic Translation: 2.3.1.6 Adaptation 2.3.1.7 Idiomatic Translation 2.3.1.8 Communicative Translation 2.3.2 Principles of Translation: 2.3.2.1 Meaning: .10 2.3.2.2 Form: 10 2.3.2.3 Register: .10 2.3.2.4 Source language influence: 10 2.3.2.5 Idiom 11 2.3.2.6 Style and Clarity: 11 CHAPTER 3: SUGGESTED TRANSLATION 12 CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS 40 4.1 VOCABULARY 40 4.1.1Words with multi-meaning 41 4.1.2Words with no dictionary equivalent 44 4.1.3 Idioms and Expressions .48 4.2 STRUCTURES 49 4.2.1Passive voice 50 4.2.2 Noun clause 51 4.2.3 Relative clauses 52 4.2.4 Sentences with empty subject 53 4.2.5Other noticeable structures 55 CHAPTER DIFICULTITIES AND SOLUTIONS 56 5.1 DIFFICULTIES 56 5.2 SOLUTIONS 57 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS .58 6.1 CONCLUSION 58 6.2 SUGGESTIONS 58 REFERENCES 60 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 RATIONALE As an English language student with a major in translation, I have found that there is a growing need for translation, especially in the field of human psychology This is one of the areas that are being interested in the whole society in up-to-date years To have a good translation, in addition to the necessary skills of the translator, in-depth comprehension of the field is required I realize that the psychological problem - depression is a dangerous disease in today's young people However, we are short of books that delve into these issues and how to overcome them Therefore, paying more attention to psychological issues not only saves yourself but also those around you However, documents related to depression and how to selfcure this dangerous disease are not popular in Vietnam Currently, books are the most important source of information for enhancing knowledge and developing indepth research Therefore, book translation related to psychological issues is most necessary That is why I chose a book about loneliness and how to overcome it to give people access to knowledge and know what we need to to maintain our health I guarantee that this book can provide a lot of essential information for students and parents alike I hope that through the suggestion version, I can bring something good to society, a cure for those who have suffered loneliness in life, as well as providing information for those who need psychological insight 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES 1.2.1 Aims: - To show my ability in translating a document - To use the knowledge has learned in school to apply in translation - To find out more deeper learning about the branch of learning which I am studying at school 1.2.2 Objects: - To translate the text smoothly and naturally - To analyze difficult words and complex structures - Help readers understand the content which the author wants to convey - To give some implications and solutions for translation 1.3 THE SCOPE OF THE STUDY The book "How Not to Fall Apart: Lesson Learned on the Road from Self-Harm to Self-Care" is a pretty good book and it has many things to study to apply in daily life Such as how to improve memory, things to remember when falling in love and how to have good health However, due to the time and regulations of the faculty, this report only focuses on chapter 11 and the first part of chapter 12 This graduation paper is the suggested translation and it also shows the difficulties in the translation process as well as how I have applied what I have learned in it 1.3.1 The Text Features In the narrative style, the book shows Lessons learned on the path from selfabuse to self-care by author Maggy Van Eijk Van Eijk's book revolves around life's challenges, and reminds things to keep in mind if they happen to you, a person suffering from pathologies of mental health The chapter that I choose to translate is chapter 11 and 12 explain syndrome self-harming is very touching and it helps readers understand why someone would that to himself And the reason for her to those things is not uncannily at all And if you have thoughts of ending the present, erasing your future, then at least these books can keep you away from that bad decision Beside, in the chapter 12 a provides a lot of basic information when you are online such as troll comment and pro - ana communication Authors began with hopeful message: Whatever you have any problems of mental health, you can still learn how to cope with it.so that If I met adults who had ruined themselves, this is probably the book I would give to this person 1.3.2 The Text Length This book includes 14 chapters with 251 pages, but the time is limited so I have translated the chapter 11 and the half of chapter 12 with 4,500 words in length The name of chapter 11 is “remember this when you are alone” and chapter 12 is “remember this when you are online” 1.3.3 The Text Organization The text includes chapter as follows:  Chapter 11: Remmeber this you’re loneless  Chapter 12: Remmeber this you’re online 1.3.4 The Sources This text comes from the book “How not to Fall Apart: Lessons learned on the road from self-harm to self-care” published by Tarcher Perigee in September 4, 2018 I get this book on the website: https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/64224965/read-book-how-not-to-fallapart-lessons-learned-on-the-road-from-self-harm-to-self-care-full-pages 1.4 METHOD OF THE STUDY Fristly, chapter 1- introduction will include the rationale, the aims and objectives and the research small iterms of the scope of the study Secondly, chapter will introduce the theoretical background of translation such as definition and types of catergories In addition, this chapter presents the principles of translation as well as the method used by the translator to produce a good translation Based on the theories, I will give a suggest translation in chapter Thirdly, the analysis will be in chapter This paragraph deals with the vocabulary and structures that make it difficult to translate the original text And difficulties experienced in the translation process as well as solutions to solve this problem are mentioned in chapter Finally, chapter will be the conclusion of this translation process and I will give suggestions to English majors to improve their translation skills 48 Suggested Version Cứ sau vài ngày, lại rơi vào “hố đen” YouTube, phải nhắn tin cho bạn trai anh đến cứu nguy tôi-thường cách lấy điện thoại khỏi tay Example 16 “commit” Figure out your traveling style and commit to it (P38) In the Oxford Dictionary, the word “commit ” is explained as “to promise sincerely that you will definitely something, keep to an agreement or arrangement, etc.” In English – Vietnamese dictionary means “cam kết,hứa” However, I thought this meaning is unsuitable with the context of this sentence So, I decided to choose the meaning of this as “trung thành” Suggested Version Tìm phong cách du lịch bạn trung thành với phong cách 4.1.3 Idioms and Expressions During the translation process, idioms are also a difficult problem that requires translators to solve It requires translators to grasp the main idea to produce a fluent and contextual translation Besides, translators need to understand Vietnamese proverbs to make mistakes in Vietnamese Example 17 “the flesh-and-blood variety” To me these friendships were as real as the flesh-and-blood variety (P13) In the above sentence I had many challenges when translating the phrase " fleshand-blood variety " As we all know, “flesh” means “da thịt” and “blood” means “máu” Besides, after searching, I discovered that the above phrase is an idiom This phrase is often used to refer to someone who is a relative, related to me or used to emphasize someone who is also human, making mistakes and imperfections After reading the entire text, I feel that the online friendship is a very important and familiar relationship like the author's relatives That’s why we should use the translation “máu mủ ruột thịt” for this phrase Suggested Version Đối với tơi, tình bạn mạng thực máu mủ ruột thịt 49 Example 18 “doom and gloom” It’s not all doom and gloom (P16) “Doom and gloom” is an idiom used to describe a very bad or very bad feeling for a situation or state that someone is experiencing Both doom and gloom have negative nuances It was cloudy, not a bright picture with warm, vibrant colors In addition, the phrase “Doom and gloom” means “feeling hopeless” However, in my opinion, the most suitable meaning is “u sầu ủ rủ” Suggested Version: Sự cô đơn không u sầu ủ rủ Example 19 “Houston, we have a problem” At a point where my mental health was teetering over the edge of “Houston, we have a problem,” I decided to leave London (P33) Through searching in the internet, I realized that “Houston, we have a problem" is the name of a movie The author borrowed the title of a movie to express her psychological transformation those are the difficulties and challenges that she has to face therefore, I adapted this phrase to mean " vực thẳm" Suggested Version Vào thời điểm mà tinh thần vực thẳm, định rời London 4.2 STRUCTURES While converting from English to another language, translators often easily translate sentences "rigidly" because they not understand the structure of English and understand the native language Besides, a sentence can be made up of many different structures, so it makes translators confused in the translation process And each sentence will have different content and connotations, so translators must consider carefully before translating 4.2.1 Passive voice The Passive Voice is the sentence that the subject is the person or thing affected by the action, which is used to emphasize the object affected by the action The tense of the passive sentence must be followed by the tense of the active sentence 50 Example 20 My social tics and stresses are shushed, I’m there for myself, with myself (P22) In this sentence, the author used passive structure When we want to express an idea in a passive form, we often use the word "được " or "bị " However, the above sentence describes the result of the event positively so I remained the passive structure and transferred the idea Suggested Version: Những mối quan hệ xã hội căng thẳng xóa bỏ tơi tơi Example 21 On the whole, people are too wrapped up in their own lives to notice other people (P24) The author used passive voice in this sentence In addition, to say that people are so busy with the current rhythm of life that there is no time to be considerate of others, I still use passive voice to make the suggested version closer and smoother Suggested Version: Nhìn chung, người bị vào guồng quay sống để tâm đến người khác Example 22 Even if you don’t have to deal with bullies, the internet is filled with booby traps of upsetting content (P48) I realized this is the present simple passive, however I've moved translating from passive to active Beacause the author wanted to show the internet is full of misleading content to attract human attention and have some impact on their psychology Therefore, in my opinion, using an active voice will emphasize the matter more and it is the reason why I translated this sentence as follows: Suggested Version: Ngay bạn đối mặt với kẻ bắt nạt Internet chứa đầy bẫy có nội dung không hay Example 23 There was no more invasion of words and pokes and trip-ups; no one would get me when I was holed up in my room (P47) " I was holed up in my room." is a passive sentence that the author used to emphasize the person who receives the action In this case, I decided to shift this passive voice to active voice in Vietnamese to make the sentence more logical 51 Suggested Version: Khơng cịn lời nói xúc phạm, câu châm chọc hành hạ; khơng bắt tơi tơi giấu phịng 4.2.2 Noun clause Example 24 And every day I’m still proving that I can take care of myself (P19) In this sentence, the author used the noun clause “that I can take care of myself” to be an object That helps the sentence become clearer and more coherent So, I translated it into Vietnamese: Suggested Version: Và chứng minh tơi tự chăm sóc thân ngày Example 25 They’re not experiencing what you are; they are lost to you.(P4) In the sentence, the dependent clause “what you are” is a noun clause standing as an object of the verb “experience” Thus, the sentence can be rendered into: Suggested Version: Họ không trải qua điều bạn gặp phải họ bỏ lở bạn Example 26 I’ve learned that I’m not a bad company (P37) In this sentence, the noun clause is “that I’m not bad company” which is introduced with the conjunction “that” We can see easily that the noun clause works as an object for the verb “learn” in the sentence This usage, that explains more to the verb and clarifies what the author wants to mention Suggested Version: Tôi biết người đồng hành tồi 4.2.3 Relative clauses Relative clauses are an important grammatical topic when translators want to use complex sentences Relative clauses include many related points of grammatical knowledge that require the translator to grasp the root of the problem and from that, to be able to understand and analyze properly in any context For this reason, to solve the problems I encounter in the translation, I often ignore the equivalent pronouns and use words that are more familiar to the reader 52 Example 27 Even if you’re in the middle of a crowd or surrounded by people who care about you, you still feel totally cut off.(P10) The defining relative clause “who care about you” modifies the object “people” The relative pronoun “who” means “người mà” However, to avoid a rigid sentence we not need to omit the word “người mà” in Vietnamese version so that the sentence sound Vietnamese Suggested Version: Ngay bạn đám đông vây quanh người quan tâm đến bạn, bạn cảm thấy hoàn toàn lạc lõng Example 28 At fourteen, I shied away from real friends and turned to friends I found on forums, where often quite self-destructive people came together to share details of their lives (more on these forums later).(P12) In the sentence, the dependent clause is the relative clause with the relative adverb "where” referring a place “forums” Therefore, the suggested version is: Suggested Version: Ở tuổi mười bốn, tránh xa người bạn thật chuyển sang người bạn tìm thấy diễn đàn, nơi người tự hủy hoại thân thường tìm đến với để chia sẻ điều nhỏ nhặt sống Example 29 There are lots of Facebook groups and online networks you can join for the area you’ll be traveling to, which will help you figure out what you want to when you get there.(P42) The relative clause “you can join for the area you’ll be traveling to” is an explanation for some groups Facebook on the internet that provide information about the places you will be going In this case, the relative pronouns “that” has been omitted And the whole sentence "There are lots of Facebook groups and online networks you can join for the area you’ll be traveling to" was replaced with the word "which" In addition, the word "which" also functions as the subject of the sentence Thanks to this, we can easily visualize the meaning of 53 the sentence and help the above sentence become concise Therefore, this is its suggested version: Suggested Version: Có nhiều nhóm Facebook kết nối trực tuyến địa địa thăm quan tới mà bạn tham gia vào, điều giúp bạn định hình việc bạn muốn làm đến (hoặc chí lên kế hoạch cho buổi gặp mặt kết bạn) Example 30 I felt horrified for the victims, the young women who had been indoctrinated by the cult, and even Charles Manson, who’d experienced a childhood of rape and abuse.(P52) This sentence has two relative clauses “who had been indoctrinated by the cult” and “who’d experienced a childhood of rape and abuse” The first pronoun “who” modifies the pronoun “the victims, the young women” Besides, the sentence " who’d experienced a childhood of rape and abuse " is a non-defiining relative clause, and "who" is only used to explain the noun “Charles Manson” In both cases, they function as Subjects Suggested Version Tôi cảm thấy lo lắng cho nạn nhân phụ nữ trẻ bị giáo phái truyền giáo, chí có Charles Manson- người trải qua thời thơ ấu bị hãm hiếp lạm dụng 4.2.4 Sentences with empty subject As we all know, a sentence usually has two components that are subject and verb except in some special cases In some cases, sometimes when we cannot determine what the subject is or the real subject is not suitable at the top of the bridge, we can replace it with an empty subject Thus, I met up with many difficulties to transfer them into Vietnamese Besides, to have a good suggested version, we must not only understand the sentence but also have to know how to translate words naturally Example 31 There are different shades of aloneness It’s not as simple as occupying a space without anyone else (P2) In this case, “There are” is also an unreal subject which means “có” in Vietnamese Roughly, the sentence can be translated into Vietnamese as “Có nhiều 54 sắc thái khác cô đơn.” However, this translation doesn’t sound natural in Vietnamese Therefore, I decided to choose the following version: Suggested Version Sự cô đơn mang nhiều loại sắc thái khác nhau, không đơn giản chiếm không gian mà xuất người khác Example 32 The pull of cyber companionship never waned, but it was more important for me to build a life outside of my computer screen.(P15) “It” is an unreal subject, and the real one is “build a life outside of my computer screen” Thus, here is the suggested version: Suggested Version Bởi sức hút tình bạn mạng khơng suy giảm, điều quan trọng phải xây dựng sống bên ngồi hình máy tính Example 33 When it was finally time to leave the pub, I was drained, zombielike, and my eyes twitched from the hyper- focus strain I’d put on them (P53) In this sentence, the authors used empty subjects to express their idea This is a very difficult form to translate in Vietnamese Especially, if we literally translate it, like “khi đến lúc cuối cùng”, the suggested sentence is very rough and unnatural So, I apply the free translation method to transfer the idea, then I have a suggested version as follows Suggested Version: Cuối đến lúc rời khỏi quán rượu, kiệt sức, chết điếng, mắt tơi giật giật căng thẳng tập trung mức vào clip 4.2.5 Other noticeable structures Besides the structures we often encounter such as clause sentences, passive sentences, compound sentences, etc., there are also special structures that we need to pay attention to during the translation process to avoid mistakes Here are some special structures in my translation Example 34 While the pro-ana group offered me a refuge from my depression, isolation, and aimlessness, it taught me how to be mean Not to other people, but to myself (P62) 55 In this sentence, we have the structure: “…not…but …” that means “không ai/sự vật/sự việc không… “or “không phải mà là…” thus, here is my suggested version: Suggested Version: Trong nhóm cho tơi nơi ẩn náu để khỏi trầm cảm, lập khơng mục đích tơi, dạy cách trở nên hèn hạ Khơng phải với người khác, mà với tơi Example 35 No matter how many people offer to hold your hand, you’re still achingly alone.(P4) With the structure “No matter + how + S + V” means “Dù có… … thì”, we can translate this sentence like this: Cho dù có người đề nghị nắm tay bạn bạn cảm thấy cô đơn The meaning is right, but it’s pretty hard for readers to understand Thus, here is a more beautiful translation: Suggested Version: Bạn cảm nhận đơn cho dù có lời đề nghị nắm lấy tay bạn 56 CHAPTER DIFICULTITIES AND SOLUTIONS 5.1 DIFFICULTIES After years studying at Duy Tan University, I have learned a lot about translation skills The graduation report is an opportunity for me to apply what I have learned however, it is not easy to translate and analyze a text correctly Therefore, in the process of doing the graduation paper I encountered many difficulties as follows: Firstly, I encountered many difficulties in vocabulary and take time to understand and translate them Because as we all know, the vocabulary is a very important factor in building a successful text Besides, it shows the diversity in the language to make the target text more natural, fluent and interesting, so we need to pay more attention to it For example, there are many words with multi- meaning has made me feel confused in choosing the means for accuracy For these words, it is required that we understand the context and the author's ideas to choose the appropriate meaning In some situtation, many of the words in the dictionary are not suitable, which requires us to understand the Vietnamese meaning deeply in the field I will translate Besides, translating a document containing many terms has made it difficult for me Sometimes, I cannot find out the meaning of these words or the meaning does not match the context of the text The author has borrowed a title of the movie or article to describe her psychological transformation, so I need to understand the context and use free translation in this case Second, structure is another issue that confuses me because the difference in language usage is one factor that we must focus on For the Vietnamese language, most people use an active voice to express their ideas or intentions For this reason, many passages in the text I have translated are a bit rough In particular, there are 57 too many complex structures in English, such as noun sentences, relative clauses For this type of structure, if you not know the knowledge and the meaning of the sentence, we can easily analyze the error of the meaning Conclusion, in order to have a perfectly translated text, translators not only have extensive knowledge of the field they are translating, but also the vocabulary and structure 5.2 SOLUTIONS During the translation process, there were many difficulties that I faced However, I have solved all the problems my own way Firstly, I have read the full text in order to be able to cover the content and main idea of the work In the process, I focused on highlighting words and structures that I find it difficult to translate I will then carefully re-read and analyze them Besides, to improve the translation I contacted my supervisor for some advice she pointed out the translation errors and suggested me some versions In addition, I also consulted some materials on the internet and the school library about the flied that I translated These documents have provided me with a linguistic foundation for dealing with difficult problems such as specific language moreover, I also exchanged and asked some close friends In short, I have used a variety of dictionaries throughout the translator to find the best meaning I have carefully considered whether it is appropriate or not In particular, for some words that are not in the dictionary I have relied on context to translate it 58 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS 6.1 CONCLUSION The graduation paper is a great opportunity for me to show my abilities During the years of university, I was trained by many teachers in the department to give me a lot of knowledge to become a good translator Thanks to this paper, it has helped me have the opportunity to improve my English However, in the course of implementation, I feel that I still have many shortcomings During the translation process, I realized that the knowledge I possessed was not enough, which made it difficult for me to translate Moreover, the lack of vocabulary made me to express my expression clusimly Thus, improving the vocabulary is very necessary The translation is not simply to switch languages but to convey its true meaning Therefore, we must our best to have a perfect translation Each word will have many translations in different ways, so we must know how to use them flexibly Graduation paper has brought me many things to cherish I received a lot of encouragement and help from everyone that is the source of strength to help me complete the report Besides, the book also helps me gain more useful knowledge in life Finally, in the translation process may be flawed so we hope to receive many e only advice to a translation of the teachers are nice and smoothly And I hope this translation will help people who are suffering from loneliness and help them navigate their way of life 59 6.2 SUGGESTIONS Obtaining knowledge from teachers and learning new vocabularies in the main major is necessary We also need to fully equip knowledge in the fields of daily life, because no one knows when we graduate, which career is hot Currently, English is a popular language all over the world and is interested by young people Each person learns English with different purposes: study to find a job, study for business, study to serve research, study to travel Before making a decision, what you need to define the purpose of your learning English? Because having defined learning goals makes it easy to succeed In addition, determining the learning purpose also helps learners choose appropriate programs, textbooks and learning content English is not difficult, but it is not easy Therefore, students should persevere in studying and researching to achieve the best results Besides learning English through the textbook of Faculty of English -Duy Tan University, you must learn vocabulary through the topic, English movies, reading world news, To memorize vocabulary well, you not only master the vocabulary rules, but you should learn through animations This will give you more flexibility in using language and reflexes in everyday communication To become a professional translator, you need to arrange your work and time in a scientific way You should regularly make notes on how to use new words in certain situations If you want to become a good translation, your ingenuity, accuracy and creativity will be a plus for you All people should know that if the translator transfers the wrong meaning of the writer, what will the consequences be like? In order to enhance translation skills, each individual training in the following ways: 60  Improving vocabulary: In order to have an accurate translation during the translation process or a major, to constantly improve your vocabulary, you can write words into a notebook for convenience  Translating a short paragraph: practice translating short paragraphs of about 300-500 words per day 61 REFERENCES ENGLISH BOOKS [1] Blackwell Duf A (1990) Translation O.U.P [2] Carford J.C (1995) A Lingustic Theory of Translation.Oxford [3] Nguyen Manh Quang (2013), Translation Theory, Department Foreign Language of Duy Tan University [4] Roger, & T Bell, (1991) Translation Cambrigde University Press [5] Tudor Ian, (1965), About Translation Theory, Cambridge Vietnamese Books [6] Hữu Ngọc, (2007), Sổ tay người dịch tiếng anh, Nhà xuất giới [7] Nguyễn Thanh Hà &Nguyễn Đỗ Khả Tú, (2019), Trầm cảm sát thủ thầm lặng NXB Kim Đồng [8] GS.TS Cao Đức Tiến, (2020), Lâm sàng điều trị trầm cảm, NXB Y học Websites [9] https://translate.google.com [10] https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com [11] http://dictionary.cambridge.org [14] http://www.thefreedictionary.com 4.DICTIONARY [12] Lac Viet Dictionary [13] English-English –Vietnamese Dictionary, Linguiste Institute [14] Cambrige Dictionary 62 ... Organization 1.3.4The Sources 1.4 METHOD OF THE STUDY CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND .5 2.1 DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION 2.2 TYPES OF CATEGORIES .5... the research small iterms of the scope of the study Secondly, chapter will introduce the theoretical background of translation such as definition and types of catergories In addition, this chapter... will give suggestions to English majors to improve their translation skills 4 CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 DEFINITION OF TRANSLATION Based on the personal view of each person, we have