Kiểm soát của nhà nước về ATTP thủy sản sản xuất tại việt nam TT TIENG ANH

INTRODUCTION Over the years, Vietnam's seafood industry has grown continuously By 2020, the fishery output of the whole year is estimated to reach more than 8.4 million tons, up 1.9% compared to 2019; in which, the exploitation output is estimated at more than 3.84 million tons, up 2.5%; aquaculture output reached about 4.56 million tons, up 1.4% The growth rate of output in the years from 2010 to 2020 averages from 10%/year Aquaculture has been a major contributor to the industry's growth By 2020, Vietnam's seafood has reached 8.6 billion export turnover, nearly doubled in 2010 and present in 160 countries around the world CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF STUDY OF STATE CONTROL ON FOOD SAFETY IN AQUATIC PRODUCTION Up to now, there have been many research works related to state management and related to the fisheries sector, the quality of aquatic food safety These studies are divided into the following groups: 1.1 Approach and content of state management However, there are still nearly 200 industrial-scale establishments, thousands of manual CBs, fishing vessels, purchasing establishments not yet qualified to ensure food safety and hygiene On the other hand, due to limited awareness of seafood producers and traders, the abuse of banned chemicals and antibiotics in farming and preserving post-harvest raw materials still exists; the situation of introducing impurities into seafood raw materials still occurs in many places, the level of microbial contamination is still high… In 2011, hundreds of Vietnamese seafood export lots to markets such as; EU, USA, Canada (EU 85 lots, US 46 lots, Japan, Korea 66 lots) were found to have violated regulations on food safety, returned goods back home causing great economic losses for enterprises , seriously affecting the reputation of Vietnamese seafood in the international market After a lot of efforts by the seafood industry, by 2016, 2017 this figure is still high compared to other seafood exporting countries of 128 lots and 125 lots Because of this painful problem, on April 4, 2018, the Prime Minister had to issue Directive No 09/CT-TTg on tasks and solutions to overcome the situation that Vietnamese seafood batches were warned, return Bui Thi Hong Nuong (2019) approaches the state management of food safety according to contents: i) Developing and promulgating policies and laws on food safety; ii) Organize the implementation of the law on food safety; iii) Inspect, examine and settle complaints and denunciations against establishments violating food safety; iv) Sanctioning violations of the law by individuals and food processing establishments; and v) International cooperation in the field of food safety On the basis of examining the current situation of food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam, including seafood for export and aquatic products supplied to the domestic market, the author finds that the food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam is still much higher existing problems, weaknesses, especially seafood supply for the domestic market The reasons for the poor food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam are many, but the author divides them into two main groups of causes: 1.2 Research methods of state management and state management of food safety i) Reasons from seafood producers, and ii) Cause from state management agencies Within the scope of this thesis, the author will focus on researching the second group of causes - the cause from the control activities of state management agencies Stemming from that practice, the author chose the topic State control on food safety in seafood production in Vietnam as the topic for doctoral thesis Tran Ngoc Toan and associates (2017) approach the content of state management of food safety on the following main contents: i) Operation, direction and organization of implementation (Promulgation of documents; Inspection and examination; Preparation of regulations); sanctions; Analysis and testing of samples; Budget investment for food safety management; ii) Human resources, physical facilities, equipment and means used to serve the State management of food safety; iii) Propaganda for people to practice good food hygiene and safety Huynh Minh Tuan (2012) uses research methods, including: i) Dialectical materialism method and historical materialism method; ii) Statistical method: used by the author in collecting, processing and analyzing statistical data based on analysis of average, absolute and relative indexes to consider the relationship between the factors in the state management for the production and processing of aquatic products for export in Dong Thap province; iii) Synthetic analysis method: synthesize documents and synthesize practical data, find out the relationships between factors; and iv) Expert method to collect opinions from managers, households and businesses The research of Bui Thi Hong Nuong (2019) has the object of the research being documents and legal documents on food safety; scientific works, reports and documents summarizing the assessment of state management of food safety; contents of state management of food safety, practice of state management of food safety of agencies and organizations today Research scope: i) In terms of time, this thesis studies the state management of food safety from 2010 (when the Law on Food Safety was enacted) to 2017; ii) In terms of space, this thesis studies the state management of food safety under the management of state management agencies such as: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ministry of Science and Technology, however, within the research scope of the thesis, the author The author mainly studies state management activities of the Ministry of Health in the field of food safety iii) Regarding the content: theoretical issues of state management on food safety; status of state management of food safety in Vietnam; perspectives and solutions to improve state management of food safety in Vietnam today 1.3 Research gap After an overview of related topics (divided into groups of related topics as above), the author draws some points: Bui Thi Hong Nuong (2019) approaches the state management of food safety according to contents: i) Developing and promulgating policies and laws on food safety; ii) Organize the implementation of the law on food safety; iii) Inspect, examine and settle complaints and denunciations against establishments violating food safety; iv) Sanctioning violations of the law by individuals and food processing establishments; v) International cooperation in the field of food safety The research object of this thesis is the state management of food safety of the Ministry of Health The object of state management activities is the safety of all foods, not just one item Research methods: The thesis uses dialectical and historical materialism methodologies, specific research methods including document collection, synthesis analysis and descriptive statistics methods The survey subjects were state management staff on food safety, including 23 questions (N=310) and production facilities and consumers including 13 questions (N=320) Tran Ngoc Toan and colleagues (2017) research on state management of food safety of Nghe An province government Research scope in Nghe An province The research method is the document collection method and the sociological survey method, with 236 questionnaires for both managers and residents Huynh Minh Tuan (2012) focuses on state management of both production and processing activities, not only focusing on food safety control, and the scope of the study is in Dong Thap province Next, the approach to state management of this thesis is the approach according to the state management process at the provincial level The research methods used by the author are dialectical materialism, historical materialism, statistical methods, and synthesis Nguyen Thi Phong Lan (2017) studies state management activities for agricultural exports (all agricultural products in the horticulture industry) The object of impact of state management activities is the export of agricultural products Approach to state management content by process Criteria for evaluating state management according to groups of criteria: capacity, effectiveness and efficiency Factors affecting state management of agricultural exports: divided into two groups of subjective factors and objective factors Research method: using the document collection method and the sociological investigation method with a questionnaire of 10 questions, 350 votes were collected The subjects of the investigation are state management officials in ministries, provinces, agricultural product associations, etc Thus, it can be said that in the previous studies that have been carried out, there has been no research on State control activities on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam This is the theoretical gap for this thesis topic Combined with the existing practical problems on food safety in seafood production and the State's control on food safety in seafood production, the author chose the topic State control on seafood food safety published in Vietnam as the subject of his doctoral thesis CHAPTER 2: THEORETICAL BASIS OF STATE CONTROL ON FOOD SAFETY IN AQUATIC PRODUCTION 2.1 The basic concepts 2.1.1 Technical terms on seafood and food safety - Aquatic: are aquatic animals and plants and amphibians, including eggs and parts thereof - Aquatic production: Catching, cultivating, preliminarily processing and processing aquatic products to create aquatic food 2.1.2 Aquatic food safety 2.1.2.1 The concept of aquatic food safety Quality of food safety (food safety) of seafood: Safe seafood products are products that not contain the following hazards: 1) Physical hazards; 2) Chemical hazards; and 3) Biohazards Or the concentration of these hazards is below the level that can cause chronic or acute poisoning for users' health 2.1.2.2 Parties directly related to aquatic food safety a Consumers: b Producer: c Government: 2.1.3 Food safety hazards in seafood - Physical hazards - Chemical hazards - Biohazards 2.2 State control on aquatic food safety 2.2.1 Components of the national food safety control system Each country will have its own components and priorities, but most control systems will typically include the following components - Food Law and regulations - Organize the food management and control apparatus - Inspection activities and inspectors - Testing Services, Food Surveillance and Epidemiological Databases - Information, Education, Communication and Training 2.2.2 Factors affecting the State's control on aquatic food safety - Political environment Figure 2.2 Research framework of the thesis - Economic environment Source: Compiled by the author - Socio-cultural environment - Science and technology environment 2.4 Foreign experience in State control of aquatic food safety - Associations 2.4.1 Thailand's experience - Capacity of seafood production enterprises - Food safety law system - Requirements of domestic and foreign markets - The system of management and control agencies for aquatic food safety 2.3 Research framework of the thesis - Propagating, disseminating and launching campaigns on food safety - Chain link in shrimp production Influence factors - Applying advanced technology in production, CBTS 1) Political environment 2)Economic environment Laws, technical standards and legal regulations on aquatic food safety 2.4.2 Korean experience - The system of laws and product quality standards is fully built 3)Cultural and social environment - System of state management agencies on control of aquatic food safety 4)Science and technology environment - The capacity of the competent authority on quality and food safety is constantly being consolidated and perfected 5) Associations 6) Capacity of seafood production - Information, education and communication on food safety enterprises CHAPTER 7) Market requirements Organization of the State control apparatus on aquatic food safety RESEARCH METHODS 3.1 Objectives of the study Research objectives of the thesis: Inspection of seafood food safety financial and testing facilities for seafood food safety control Food safety for seafood - Systematize the theoretical basis for food safety control of aquatic products produced in Vietnam - Analysis of the current situation of food safety in seafood production of Vietnamese enterprises and the status of state control on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam - Proposing some solutions to improve the State's control on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam according to the contents of the research framework 3.2 Research question Information, communication and education on aquatic food safety To achieve these research objectives, the thesis will have to answer the research question: i) What are the basic elements of the State control system on aquatic food safety? ii) What are the weaknesses in the State control on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam? CHAPTER iii) In the context of Vietnam, what factors under State control have a great influence on seafood food safety? THE STATUS OF CONTROL OF THE STATE iv) State control measures on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam FOOD SAFETY PRODUCED IN VIETNAM 3.3 Research subjects The object of the thesis is the State control over food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam Specifically, the research object of the thesis is the State control activities on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and its functional agencies 3.4 Research scope i) About the content 4.1 Situation of Vietnam's seafood industry 4.1.1 Seafood production activities 4.1.1.1 Fishing activities 4.1.1.2 Aquaculture activities Table 4.1 Area and production of aquaculture - The thesis will study according to the elements of the State control system on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam: + Legal system and legal documents on aquatic food safety Unit: 1,000 ha, 1,000 ton Criteria No Year 2018 Year 2019 Year 2020 + Organize the State control apparatus on aquatic food safety I TOTAL AREA 1.257 1.278 1.257 + State control officer on aquatic food safety Fresh water farming area 419 450 419 Tra fish farming area 5,0 5,0 Tilapia 23 25,4 23 391 400 391 799 830 799 + Testing activities and financial resources for State control activities on aquatic food safety + Information, propaganda and education on aquatic food safety - The thesis only studies seafood production activities, including fishing, aquaculture, and seafood processing The thesis does not study seafood consumption in the market Other subjects - The quality of seafood has three characteristics: safety, availability and economy In which, the availability and economy are self-declared and guaranteed by the production facilities Within the scope of this thesis, the author only researches on aquatic food safety Area of saltwater and brackish water farming Area of brackish water shrimp farming In which: Black tiger shrimp White leg shrimp ii) About space: The thesis studies the control activities of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development on food safety of aquatic products produced in the whole country The research content of the thesis is placed in the context of international economic integration, the requirements for export seafood food safety of the markets are increasing and the requirements for improving the food safety of export seafood and the food safety of aquatic products of the domestic market increasingly urgent The thesis does not study the state management of fisheries in general (planning of fisheries production areas, developing strategies for fisheries development, training human resources for the fisheries sector, preferential policies to develop the fisheries sector, supporting assisting businesses to find output for seafood products, ) The thesis also does not study the control of food safety of aquatic products (both imported and domestically produced seafood) on the market in supermarkets and markets - This is the function of the Ministry of Health iii) About time: The thesis studies state control activities on aquatic food safety in the period 2011 - 2020 DT raising mollusks Sea fish farming area Algae and seaweed farming area Other subjects Cage farming (thousand m3) 708 691,8 708 602,5 603 602,5 106 89,6 106 33 42,3 33 13,1 15,0 13,1 20 25 20 44,7 56 44,7 6.330 6.559 6.743 19 19 II TOTAL PRODUCT Catches 2.910 3.026 2.910 Sea Mining 2.722 2.840 2.722 183 186 183 Farmed output 3.425 3.533 3.833 Output of sweet culture 2.339 2.413 2.339 Pangasius production 1.144 1.221 1.144 186 182 186 Domestic mining Tilapia production Criteria No Other objects Year 2018 836 Year 2019 1.071 Year 2020 836 Table 4.3: Seafood processing establishments for domestic consumption by type of enterprise and type of processed product in 2020 Processing type Cage farming Output of brackish salt culture 1.087 1.120 1.087 Output of brackish water shrimp Size of Household of of products enterprises size enterprise household size size 36,7 33 70 23,6 1,1 28 838 2,3 21,3 Canned food 1,6 17 - 12,1 Fish sauce 29,7 59 1.441 42,1 38,6 17 967 12,1 25,2 11 522 7,8 13,8 140 3.838 658,4 595,9 658,4 264 268,3 264 Frozen White leg shrimp 395 327,6 395 Dry bulk Krill yield 87 90 87 240 254,5 240 Production of algae and algae 30 Other seafood 86 Cage farming 16 150 (%) Purchasing, 86 preliminary 16 processing Other type 4.1.2 Vietnam's seafood processing activities The seafood processing industry is now developing into a spearhead economic sector, a large commodity production industry, and a leader in international economic integration With its rapid and effective growth, fisheries have made a positive contribution to agricultural and rural economic restructuring, effectively contributing to hunger eradication and poverty reduction, and creating jobs for over million people labor, improving the living standards of communities throughout the rural, coastal, plain, midland and mountainous areas , and at the same time make an important contribution to national security and defense protection in the sea and islands of the country 4.1.3 Seafood export Percentage of In which: black tiger shrimp Sea fish production Percentage Proportion TOTAL 4.1.5 Import of raw materials The ability to close the production process plays an important role for seafood enterprises The more self-contained enterprises have production activities, the higher their ability to control raw materials and business efficiency On the contrary, the less self-contained enterprises are, the more dependent they are on the outside, which will easily lead to passive production and reduce business efficiency With the growing demand for development and quality requirements, the operation of the seafood industry requires the participation of a number of financial institutions and aquatic food safety inspection agencies, this has made the relationship between industry actors are becoming more and more strict 4.2 Situation of food safety in Vietnam's seafood 4.2.1 Status of seafood food safety through the results of sampling programs to monitor seafood products 4.2.2 Status of seafood food safety through inspection and inspection results at seafood production and trading establishments Table 4.5 Percentage of aquatic samples that not pass in only national monitoring programs Sample rate failed Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Year 2019 Year 2020 Percentage of farmed seafood samples contaminated with residues of banned chemicals and antibiotics exceeds the 1,24% 1,114 % 0,99% 0,89% 1,5% Figure 4.2 Vietnam's seafood export in the period 1997 - 2020 4.1.4 Seafood for domestic consumption 4.2.3 Status of seafood food safety through the number of export shipments warned by local authorities allowable limit Percentage of NT2MV samples contaminated with toxic algae, toxins and cadmium exceeded regulations 0,16% 3,6% 0,5 % 1,9% 2,9% Source: Nafiqad According to 2016 data, Vietnam has 194 export seafood lots that have been warned by the importing country's competent authorities to violate food safety regulations, specifically: the United States: 85 lots; EU: 43 lots; Japan: 38 lots; Eurasian Economic Union: 15 lots; Korea: 09 lots; Australia: 03 lots; China: 01 lot This number is roughly equal to the number of batches alerted for the whole of 2015: 187 lots In which, the number of batches found to be contaminated with banned chemicals and antibiotics accounted for nearly 50%, a relatively high rate The results of sampling for testing and food safety inspection for exported seafood showed that the total number of unsatisfactory shipments was 528 lots, equivalent to 2.7% of the total number of tested consignments (in 2016 this rate was 0) ,5%) 4.3 Current status of the Law on Food Safety and regulations on aquatic food safety Box 2.1: Opinions of enterprises and public officials on the system of Laws and regulations through in-depth interviews - "Conditions to be granted Food Safety Certificate are difficult compared to the reality of small establishments" - "The content of assessment and appraisal for frozen seafood processing facilities managed by the locality is too high" - "Many sanctioning contents are still general and difficult to understand to apply correctly" - "There are too many legal documents related to the field of aquatic food safety, so it is difficult for users to fully synthesize for accurate application" - “Circular 48/2013/TT-BNNPTNT stipulating markets that require a certificate from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development before exporting However, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has not yet compiled market regulations into specific documents for businesses to monitor and update - “Circular 51/2014/TT-BNNPTNT currently manages the initial production facilities (farming, small preliminary processing, exploitation) by signing commitments with local authorities and almost no regulations assets or other inspection and control measures” - “The regulations of the import market are not found in normative documents but scattered in many instructions of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, leading to a long time before an enterprise wants to export to a new market know the rules of the market” Box 4.2: Perceptions of seafood producers about State regulations - “The export processing facilities are very knowledgeable about the laws and technical regulations of both Vietnam and the export market However, with small establishments, the level of legal knowledge is still low, the establishments not have production habits according to regulations: for example, just buy and use veterinary drugs, buy preservatives and additives … according to habit, according to one person or another, but not yet in the habit of finding out if this substance is allowed to be used, in what dosage….” - "Only for large establishments and exporters, the State's regulations on aquatic food safety are firmly grasped" - "Small establishments are producing in the traditional or simple way, there is almost no person in charge of quality and food safety, so they not know or understand all the State regulations on aquatic food safety" - “The awareness of large seafood production and processing establishments about the State's regulations on aquatic food safety is very good, but conversely, small production establishments, primary producers, have awareness and knowledge still very little Up to now, it has been more than years since the Law on Food Safety has been implemented, and in general, the awareness of seafood businesses on food safety has improved 4.4.1.5 Coordination between local agencies in the inspection and inter-sectoral inspection of food safety 4.4.2 Assignment and decentralization in aquatic food safety control activities under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Table 4.9: Assignment and decentralization in fishery chain control No Assignment and decentralization Stages Central Local General Headquarter of fisheries: Fisheries Sub- - Provide professional guidance and Department: training, and examine, inspect and - Inspection of farming supervise the implementation of tasks by facilities (taking samples for Aquaculture local authorities monitoring to verify food - Specialized inspection and handling of safety when necessary) violations according to regulations - Specialized inspection and handling of General Headquarter of fisheries: 4.4.1 Assignment and coordination in State control of food safety - Provide professional guidance and Department: The assignment and coordination of state management of food safety among ministries is reflected in the Joint Circular No 13/2014/TTLT-BYT-BNNPTNT-BCT dated April 9, 2014 of the Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and the Ministry of Industry and Trade love This Circular guides the assignment and coordination in the State management of food safety of the Ministries of Health, Agriculture, and Industry and Trade violations according to regulations 4.4 Actual situation of organizational apparatus of State control agencies on aquatic food safety Fisheries training, and supervise and examine - Sub- Inspection of fishing specialized inspection and inspection by vessels and fishing ports Fishing local agencies (taking samples for - Specialized inspection and handling of monitoring to verify food violations according to regulations safety when necessary) - Specialized inspection and 4.4.1.1 Principles of assignment and coordination of state management of food safety handling 4.4.1.2 State management responsibilities for food products and food product production and business establishments according to regulations Purchasing, Responsibilities for state management of food safety in Vietnam are assigned as follows: preliminary a) List of products under the management of the Ministry of Health b) List of products under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development c) List of products under the management of the Ministry of Industry and Trade 4.4.1.3 Coordination between central agencies in food safety inspection and examination 4.4.1.4 Coordination between central and local agencies in food safety inspection and examination processing, processing (including processing fishing vessels), independent cold storage Nafiqad: of violations Sub-Nafiqad: - Provide professional guidance and - Inspect establishments, training, and examine, inspect and take supervision samples to supervise the implementation of tasks by verify food safety when local authorities necessary (except - Inspect establishments with exported establishments for conducted products in case there is a request of the by central agencies) importing country inspection and Vietnamese for food certification competent safety - Specialized inspection and by handling of violations authorities according to regulations No Table 4.10: Assignment and decentralization in the control of mixed and mixed products (plants, animals, aquatic products) of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development Assignment and decentralization Stages Central Local (taking samples for monitoring to verify food safety when necessary) Assignment and decentralization Stages Central - Specialized inspection and handling of violations according to regulations Nafiqad: Circulation, consumption Sub-Nafiqad: processing, - Provide professional guidance and - processing, cold training, training, and examine, inspect and auction storage and supervise the implementation of tasks by establishments specializing agricultural, local authorities forestry in seafood trading Sub-Nafiqad: and examine, inspect Inspect establishments, and take supervision samples to of supervise the implementation of tasks by verify food safety when local authorities necessary (except for and - Specialized inspection and handling of establishments conducted by - Specialized inspection and handling of - Specialized inspection and fishery violations according to regulations violations according to regulations products, - Inspect establishments with exported - Specialized inspection and packaging products in case there is a request of the handling material importing residues and hygiene, food safety in the sampling, traceability and production inspection and certification by Vietnamese - NT2MV area), warning of risks and handling violations establishments competent authorities (taking samples for violations inspection, traceability and handling of associated with monitoring to verify food safety when regulations and warnings of - Organize a monitoring handling of violations program according to regulations (including monitoring of aquaculture - Carry out monitoring agricultural, violations Department of Animal Health: Sub-Nafiqad: - Inspect and certify imported products - forestry country for food central agencies) necessary) - Appraisal of dossiers and recognition of - Inspection and certification of export regulations and warnings of establishments, establishments of exporting countries; products circulation, inspection - Appraisal of dossiers and recognition of consumption, according to regulations; warn the facility, establishments of exporting countries; import violations handle according to central authorities Exports/Imports inspection in the exporting country in the exporting and and the exporting country has the violation export; ice used shipment for preservation - Organize the retrieval and handling of facility, the exporting country has the and processing violations for export shipments warned by violation shipment of agricultural, the - Organize the retrieval and handling of forestry violations for export shipments warned aquatic importing country's competent and authorities by the importing country's competent products authorities Source: Decision 1290/QD-BNN-TCCB dated 17/4/2015 4.5 Status of state control officers on aquatic food safety 4.5.1 Status of the State's regulations on staff to control seafood food safety 4.5.1.1 Central handle according country according to regulations; warn the Source: Decision 1290/QD-BNN-TCCB dated 17/4/2015 Retrieve central authorities products and violations and - Inspect and certify export and import production Retrieve of safety according to regulations fishery Nafiqad: Nafiqad: - Provide professional guidance and - Inspect wholesale markets, markets Local Preliminary to 4.5.1.2 Local level less) Quang Ninh a) Sub-department of AFF Quality Management Danang Khanh Hoa Table 4.11 Central level human resources Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Year 2019 Year 2020 Doctor 5 5 Master 60 62 62 62 60 Bachelor 323 318 333 335 330 86 82 82 85 85 474 467 482 487 480 Bachelor 484 units 23 people (7 doctorates, masters; 14 11 people (2 doctorates, masters; undergraduates) Vung Tau 35 people (29 university, college/intermediate or less) Ho Chi Minh City 81 (8 doctorates, masters; 215 94 170 40 universities, 33 colleges/intermediate 206 level or less) An Giang Total university, level or less) 4.5.2.1 Central level human resources - (20 universities, colleges/intermediate 4.5.2 Status of control officers on seafood food safety Under people college/intermediate or less) b) The Department of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Districts or the Economic Department in the towns and cities of the Province 23 28 (2 doctorates, masters; 23 universities, colleges/intermediate Source: Nafiqad 201 level or less) Kien Giang 19 (3 doctorates, masters; 13 4.5.2.2 Local level human resources universities, colleges/intermediate a Provincial human resources level or less) Table 4.12 Provincial human resources 54 Source: Nafiqad Year 2016 Year 2017 Year 2018 Year 2019 Year 2020 of 61 61 61 61 63 Total number of 832 1000 1153 1165 1204 Currently, at the district level, there is no dedicated staff on food safety Currently, plant protection officers and veterinary staff are often assigned part-time tasks on quality management and food safety, with an average of people/district 13,2 16,2 18,3 19,1 19,12 4.5.3 Staff training and retraining Number branches officers Average number of staff per branch Source: Nafiqad Table 4.13: Human resources of the Sub-NAFIQAD in some key fisheries provinces in 2020 Provinces Hanoi Current personnel Management Scope 28 people (7 doctorates, masters; 15 universities, colleges/intermediate 36 units level or less) Hai Phong 19 people (7 doctorates, masters; 11 universities, college/intermediate or 35 units c Human resources at district and commune level 4.6 Current status of CSVC for testing and financial resources for seafood food safety control 4.6.1 Facilities for testing 4.6.1.1 Central The testing laboratories serving the state management of specialized agencies have been built and equipped with testing equipment, testing the quality criteria of veterinary drugs, pesticides, animal feed, and a number of other criteria Food safety (microorganisms, residues of veterinary drugs, residues of pesticides, ); Six regional centers under the Aquaculture Quality Management Department are equipped with quite modern laboratories for microbiology, molecular biology, general chemistry, and special chemistry capable of analyzing 90% of aquatic food safety criteria about 70% of food safety targets for agricultural products These laboratories have all been recognized to comply with national and international ISO 17025 standards, and are recognized by the EU, US, Korean, and Japanese authorities The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development has directed the Agricultural Trade Promotion Center to organize monthly fairs and markets to introduce and promote safe products, safe agricultural products and food supply chains 4.6.1.2 Local level Cooperated with Voice of Vietnam and Vietnam Television Station to sign a program to coordinate propaganda on food safety in the 2016-2020 period; then cooperated with VTV24 to make reportages introducing the supply chain of safe agricultural products and food in the column "Say no to dirty food"; In collaboration with the News Department - Vietnam Television Station, Agribank builds and broadcasts daily a communication program, promoting "Clean agriculture for Vietnamese people for the world" The Sub-Department of Animal Health, Sub-Department of Plant Protection, SubDepartment of Aquatic Quality Management (in some provinces) have invested, arranged offices and equipped laboratories on a small scale, focusing on a number of specific criteria diagnostics, screening for routine control and primary screening 4.6.2 Financial resource 4.8 Status of State control on seafood food safety through the results of the survey of seafood production enterprises 4.6.2.1 Central 4.8.1 Food safety law and regulations State management agencies on food safety under the Ministry apply the financial mechanism according to Decree No 130/2005/ND-CP dated October 17, 2005 for state management units Particularly, the Plant Protection Department, the Department of Animal Health and the Department of Agroforestry and Fisheries Quality Management are allowed to apply the financial autonomy mechanism for the period 2010-2012 according to Decree 43/2006/NDCP dated 25/4/2006 4.8.2 Organization of the State control apparatus on aquatic food safety 4.8.3 Activities of inspectors and inspectors on aquatic food safety 4.8.4 CSVC for seafood food safety testing 4.8.5 Information, communication and education on aquatic food safety 4.6.2.2 Local level 4.6.2.3 Funding for the national program on food hygiene and safety 4.7 Status of propaganda and dissemination of policies and laws on aquatic food safety Every year, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development develops a plan to propagate, disseminate and educate the law The dissemination of legal documents and regulations of the import market to enterprises and relevant state management agencies is carried out in a timely manner, through holding conferences to disseminate right after the document is promulgated; posted on the website of the Ministry Propaganda and legal education and awareness raising of producers, consumers, consumers and managers on AFF food safety have been carried out in various forms and are suitable for each object and each locality (rural, urban, and ethnic minorities ) Information and communication work on food safety from 2016 up to now has been renewed in the direction that besides information on management, supervision, inspection and inspection of food safety in the agricultural sector, it has increased the introduction and promotion of food products safe products: coordinate with Vietnam Television News Department to implement the program "Clean agriculture for Vietnamese people for the world" to propagate and promote 150 safe agricultural products and food, build Report on introducing clean agricultural product production model in the column "Say no to dirty food" for pork products, vegetables, banh chung, spring rolls, fish sauce, in collaboration with VTC16 to make 03 newsletters on animal husbandry and slaughter; agreed on a communication cooperation program with the People's Deputies Newspaper on food safety of agricultural products, published news in the People's Deputies, New Newspapers and Vietnam's agriculture on quality management of agricultural products, safety food CHAPTER SOLUTION TO INCREASE QUALITY CONTROL FOOD SAFETY 5.1 Objectives to strengthen control of aquatic food safety Completing and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the system of management and control of food quality and safety from the central to local levels to ensure food sources meet the standards of quality and food safety for the market domestic and export markets, fulfill commitments made during Vietnam's accession to the WTO, contribute to improving the people's quality of life, and at the same time maintain the reputation of Vietnam's seafood brand in the international market economic - Completing and simplifying, easy to follow, easy to access the system of legal documents, technical regulations on quality control and food safety of aquatic products in harmony with standards and commitments international - Consolidate and improve the capacity of the system of state management apparatus, the control system on quality and safety of aquatic products from the central to local levels - To build material and technical foundations to serve state control over quality and safety of aquatic foods in an advanced and modern direction to meet the needs of management and integration in the new period 5.2 Solutions to strengthen state control on aquatic food safety 5.2.1 Food Law and Regulations 5.2.1.1 About the orientation 5.2.1.2 Review, amend, supplement and complete the system of legal documents 5.2.1.3 Research and propose mechanisms and policies to encourage organizations and individuals to participate in food safety 5.2.2 Organize the food management and control apparatus 5.2.2.1 For Central level job positions and supplementing enough staff for the quality management system, food safety for aquatic products at the central and local levels 5.2.5 Information, Education, Communication and Training Continuing the policy of socializing activities of testing and certifying standard and regulation conformity; expand assessment and designate testing laboratories and organizations certifying standard and regulation conformity in combination with close management of designated testing laboratories; encourage businesses, organizations and individuals to invest in building testing laboratories, providing consulting, training and certification services - Review and perfect the assignment and coordination mechanism among units under the Ministry, then propose the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development to reduce from units to unit responsible for state management of food safety Seafood 5.2.6 Other support solutions - Reviewing for stronger decentralization between the central and local levels and the coordination mechanism between inter-sectoral agencies to organize the implementation of state management of aquatic food safety; 5.2.6.2 Promote scientific research 5.2.2.2 For local level 5.2.6.1 Administrative reform and information technology application 5.3.6.3 Strengthening international cooperation 5.2.6.4 Financial mechanism solutions - Proposing the People's Committees of provinces and districts to approve the number of payrolls sufficient to carry out tasks (an average of 20-21 staffs per locality); - Building a team of specialized food safety inspectors at Sub-Departments in accordance with the structure specified in the Joint Circular No 14/2015/TTLT-BNNPTNT-BNV dated March 25, 2015; - Building a team of staff in charge of food safety management of agro-forestry-fishery in the district Agriculture Department/District Economic Division - Guiding the establishment of inter-regional stations (districts), affiliated non-business units, investment in food safety testing laboratories for agricultural, forestry and fishery products (in which priority is given to investment in machinery and equipment) any, test any target with limited funding) for the localities 5.2.3 Inspection activities and inspectors - Continue to organize and implement food safety monitoring programs for products under the management of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development as assigned in the Law on Food Safety - Coordinate with relevant ministries and branches in implementing the coordination program of the Government and Vietnam Fatherland Front on inspecting and reviewing the enforcement of the law on food safety in food production and trading for public health 5.2.4 Testing Services, Food Surveillance and Epidemiological Databases Proposing the Ministry of Home Affairs to promulgate a set of standards for titles of officials and civil servants who manage the quality of aquatic food safety so that units have grounds to build annual staffing plans; develop a framework for manning human resources according to CONCLUSION The general situation of Vietnam's seafood at present is that exports are not commensurate with the potential and many production facilities are still small, especially those that supply the domestic market One of the reasons for the development of the seafood industry not to match its potential is the low quality of seafood products, violation of regulations on food hygiene and safety Seafood products are created by enterprises and production facilities and seafood food safety is decided by enterprises However, the creation of quality seafood products by enterprises and production facilities depends on many factors, including the State's regulations and the State's control over seafood food safety The thesis researches on State control over food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam according to elements of the national control system on food safety, including: 1) Laws and regulations on aquatic food safety ; 2) Organization of the State control apparatus on aquatic food safety; 3) State control officer on aquatic food safety; 4) Testing activities and financial resources for aquatic food safety control; and 5) Dissemination, propaganda and education on aquatic food safety From there, the thesis offers the main groups of solutions: - Solutions on laws and policies - Solutions on structure and organization - Solutions on organization of policy and law enforcement - Solutions on enhancing human resources - Solutions on strengthening testing, testing and risk analysis capacity - Solutions to propagate and educate the law on aquatic food safety Due to the limited time, research capacity and practical understanding of the fisheries sector, the thesis certainly has many shortcomings and limitations The author of the thesis looks forward to receiving comments from scientists to improve the thesis  ... Vietnam - Analysis of the current situation of food safety in seafood production of Vietnamese enterprises and the status of state control on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam... products produced in Vietnam FOOD SAFETY PRODUCED IN VIETNAM 3.3 Research subjects The object of the thesis is the State control over food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam Specifically,... weaknesses in the State control on food safety of aquatic products produced in Vietnam? CHAPTER iii) In the context of Vietnam, what factors under State control have a great influence on seafood food