Tài liệu Gmat official guide 10th edition part 15 doc

351 The best answer is A. Lines 30-31 state: “The managers of these companies are not deliberately wasteful; they are simply unaware of all their alternatives.” The single such “alternative” identified is one encouraged by “an above-cost federal tax deduction for companies that donate inventory to charity.” By stating that the manufacturers ‘are simply unaware” of this more cost-saving alternative, the author suggests that, if aware of the provision, they might choose inventory-donation over inventory-dumping. Nowhere does the author suggest that the government “failed to provide sufficient encouragement” for donation (choice B), or that the manufacturers were unaware in the ways described by C, D, or E. 188. The best answer is A. Lines 34-36 indicate that a manufacturer can save money by donating excess inventory to charity. However, if the cost of transporting inventory to a charitable destination is greater than that savings, as A indicates, the attractiveness of donating excess inventory would be lessened. Because inventory dumping involves “straight cost write-off” (lines 18) and “requires little time or preparation” (lines 21), dumping might seem more attractive than a donation that does not save the manufacturer money. Choice B, C, and D are consistent with the author’s suggestion that inventory donation is more attractive; D is irrelevant to the comparison. 189. The best answer is C. Lines 34-39 describe the 1976 tax provision as a financial “incentive” (line 34) that the manufacturers would take advantage of if they were not “unaware of all their alternatives” for disposing of excess inventory (lines 31). This provision allows “an above-cost federal tax deduction for comparison that donate inventory to charity”- specifically, deduction of up to “twice cost” for donated goods (lines 34-39). This information suggests that one reason manufacturers might take advantage of the provision is that, as C states, it allows “a deduction in excess of the cost of manufacturing the product.” Choices A, B, and D each describe factors that are neither mentioned nor suggested by the passage; E contradicts lines 17-18, which state that inventory-dumping entails “a straight cost write-off on…taxes.” 190. The best answer is B. Lines 13-17 state that sex segregation persisted in the workplace because “a prevailing definition of femininity” dictated the kinds of tasks women performed. The passage then provides an example of this phenomenon by citing early textile-mill entrepreneurs who, “in justifying women’s employment in wage labor, made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores” (lines 18-21). Thus, job segregation by sex in the United States was perpetuated by those textile-mill owners. A is incorrect because lines 36-40 state job segregation by sex was not diminished during World War II. Choice C is wrong because lines 30-31 state that many “female” jobs were “less secure”. Choices D and E are not supported by the passage. 191. The best answer is C. Lines 4-9 state that historians of women’s labor focused on factory work rather than service-sector work because the “underlying economic forces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blind and hence emancipator in effects.” Thus, the passage indicates that these historians assumed that sex segregation was less prevalent in factory work than in service-sector work. Choices A, B, D, and E can be eliminated because the passage does not state that historians focused on factory work because it involved higher wages, required skill in detailed tasks, was accepted more readily by women, or fitted the economic dynamic of industrialisms 352 better. 192. The best answer is E. In lines 4-7 the author states that historians of women’s labor in the United States focused on factory work rather than the service sector because factory work “seemed so different from traditional, unpaid ‘women’ work’ in the home.” By indicating that historians preferred to study women’s work in factories rather than women’s work in the service sector because factory work seemed less like women’s work at home, the passage suggests that historians believed that women’s work in the service sector was similar to women’s work at home. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not discuss statistics. Choices B, C, and D can be eliminated because the passage does not compare women factor workers and women service workers. 193. The best answer is C. In lines 19-21, the author states that early textile-kill owners “made much of the assumption that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks and patient in carrying out repetitive chores.” Choice A is incorrect because the passage states that the early mill owners were interested in “justifying women’s employment in wage labor” (lines 18-19). Choices B and D can be eliminated because the passage does not state that the mill owners were interested in keeping men’s wages low or in bettering the condition of women. Choice E can be eliminated because the passage does not discuss mill owners’ attitudes toward the tradition division of labor in the family. 194. The best answer is E. In the last sentence of the first paragraph, the author states that emancipation for women in factory work was “less profound than expected, for not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.” The author goes on in the first sentence of the second paragraph to discuss “this unfinished revolution in the status of women”; the phrase “this unfinished revolution” refers back to the last sentence of the first paragraph, where the author has just mentioned the persistence of sex segregation in the industrialized work force. Choice A is incorrect because the first paragraph indicates that women have entered the industrial labor market. Choice C is wrong because the passage does not refer to any new definition of femininity unrelated to industrialism. Choices B and D are incorrect because the first paragraph discusses women’s work in terms of sex segregation and not in terms of equal pay for men and women in various professions. 195. The best answer is C. The last sentence of the passage states that after the World War II “employers quickly returned to men most of the ‘male’ jobs that women had been permitted to master.” Choice A is incorrect because the passage states that in the case of World War II many job occupied by women were returned to men. Choice D is incorrect because the last paragraph of the passage indicates that war industries did hire women, although those women were subject to job segregation by sex. The passage does not provide any information to support B or E. 196. The best answer is C. The author of the passage uses the word “hoary” in line 22 to characterize the kinds of stereotypes about women that mill owners imported into the new industrial order. Through this word, the author expresses a negative opinion about stereotypes propagating the 353 notion women are more skillful than men in carrying out certain tasks. Choices A and B can be eliminated because the author uses them to paraphrase the assumptions of the mill owners about the kinds of work women excelled at; the mill owners subscribed to the very stereotypes that the author describes as “hoary.” Choices D and E are incorrect because the words “homemaking” and “purview” do not convey attitudes. 197. The best answer is A. To answer this question you must identify the central idea of the passage so as to determine the relationship of the content of the last paragraph to that idea. The central idea is introduced in lines 10-12 of the first paragraph: “not even industrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segregation in the workplace.” The second paragraph goes on to discuss the origins of sex segregation in the industrialized workforce. The author begins the last paragraph by mentioning the persistence of sex segregation and goes on to describe such segregation in industry during and after the Second World War. Choice B is incorrect because the last paragraph focuses on the topic under discussion and does not introduce any new and different topic. Choices C, D, and E can be eliminated because the last paragraph cites evidence to support the central idea rather than to challenge it. 198. The best answer is B. In the first paragraph the author describes a recent theory concentrating the formation of Archean-age gold-quatz vein systems, and in the second paragraph this theory is said to have “considerable practical importance” (lines 8-9). The remaining paragraphs explain why such theories of ore-forming processes are important for explorers seeking to locate gold deposits. The older method of prospecting for gold is mentioned, but rather than advocating this method (choice A), the author explains why prospecting is no longer viable. The author neither discusses differences between widely used methods (choice C) nor describes the events leading to a discovery (choice D). Although another, widely held view concerning ore-forming processes is mentioned, the author does not challenge the assumptions on which this view is based (choice E). 199. The best answer is a. In lines 5-6 the author mentions “the widely held view that the (Archean-age gold-quartz vein) systems were deposited from metamorphic fluids.” This view is said to be contrary to the recent theory that these systems originated in molten granitelike bodies, so choice B is not correct. Alluvial deposits are mentioned in the passage as having aided simple prospecting methods, but such deposits are not said to have formed that Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems (choice C). According to the author, “most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression” (lines 14-16, so choice D is not correct. And choice E is incorrect because the author says that chemical tests can aid the discovery of gold deposits if they are conducted in areas where mineralization is likely to have taken place (lines 23-27). 200. The best answer is C. According to the author, “to maximize the chances of discovery the explore must …pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized (lines 27-30); the explorer begins by using conceptual models “to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration” (lines 35-38). According to the author, geophysical methods are of no 354 value if they are applied to sites that have never mineralized (lines 25-27), so choice D is not correct, and there is no indication in the passage that age of formation would narrow the explorer’ choices, so choice A is not correct . Choice B is not correct because the new theory, which is said to have “considerable practical importance” (lines 8-9) for the discovery of gold, is contrary to the view that gold deposits were deposited from metamorphic fluids. And the passage says that simple prospecting methods that trace alluvial gold only occasionally lead to new discoveries, so choice E is incorrect. 201. The best answer is B. According to the passage, “most gold deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression” (lines 14-16); as a result, an explorer uses conceptual models “to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas fro exploration” (lines 35-38). The passage provides no information about the number of gold discoveries or the yield of gold deposits past or present, so choices A and C are not correct. The author does not suggest that there is nay disagreement concerning the utility of simple prospecting methods, which the author says only occasionally lead to new discoveries, so choice D is incorrect. And although the author indicates that the theory that gold originated from magnetic fluids has considerable practical importance, there is no information in the passage indicating that models based on this theory have already led to new discoveries of gold deposits, so choice E is incorrect. 202. The best answer is D. According to the passage, “Most of the gold deposits discovered during the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth’s surface and were found because they had shed trails of alluvial gold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods” (lines 9-12). By contrast, “most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression” (lines 14-16), and the passage gives no indication that gold-quartz vein systems and gold deposits like those described in choices A, B, C, and E would have the kind of surface expression that would make them easy to detect. 203. The best answer is A. The passage says that the theory has “considerable practical importance” (lines 8-9), and the bulk of the passage is devoted to explaining that importance for the discovery of new gold deposits: since most remaining gold deposits are buried and have no surface expression, the passage says, conceptual models derived from theories of or-forming processes are used to identify sites where mineralization is likely to have taken place. The theory is not said to confirm or correct current models (choices B and D), nor does it suggest that simple prospecting methods have any current value (choice E). And choice C is incorrect because it contradicts what the passage suggests about the importance of the theory for the formulation of conceptual models. 204. The best answer is C. According to the passage, “most deposits not yet discovered have gone undetected because they are buried and have no surface expression” (lines 14-16), and “The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel the subsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position of buried minerals” (lines 17-19). The “Methods widely used today” (line 19) are based on these facts, which directly contradict choice B. Choices A, D, and E are incorrect because there 355 is no information in the passage to support these statements about methods of exploring for gold. 205. The best answer is D. According to the passage, after constructing conceptual models based on observations of known mineral deposits and theories of ore-forming processes, “The explore uses the models to identify those geological features that are critical to the formation of the mineralization being modeled, and then tries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many of the critical features as possible’ (lines 35-39). It can be inferred from this that the efficiency of the resulting exploration will depend on how closely the features of the selected area match the features identified by the model as critical (Statement I) and on how accurately the process of mineralization has been modeled (Statement III). According to the passage, both empirical observations of known mineral deposits and theories of ore-forming processes are important in constructing the models, so Statement II cannot be part of the correct answer. 206. The best answer is D. The passage does not mention how industries that were still state-owned fared in terms of profits. Choice A is not the answer because lines 10-11 state that the government “now receives tax revenues from the newly privatized companies.” Choice B is not the answer because liens 9-10 state that the government gained billions of pounds from selling state-owned industries. Choice C is not the correct answer because lines 12-14 state that “the government has been able to repay 12.5 percent of the net national debt over a two-year period.” Choice E is not the answer because lines 8-9 state that the government has decreased borrowings and losses of the state-owned industries mentioned in lines 6-7. 207. The best answer is A. In lines 24-26, the author attributes improved productivity partly to the opportunity given to employees of privatized industries to purchase shares in their own companies. The next sentence gives examples of how employees ‘responded enthusiastically to the offer of shares,” thereby implying that many employees bought shares in the privatized companies. Choice B is incorrect because, although the passage mentions that some economists suggested giving away free shares, the passage does not indicate that any shares were given away. Choice C is incorrect because the subject of regulation is not addressed, and choices D and E are incorrect because the passage does not discuss the relationship between wages and productivity. 208. The best answer is E. In lines 15-17, the author states that privatization has “raised the level of performance” in industry. As an example, the author mentions in lines 19-21 that at one company, “labor disruptions common in the 1970’s and early 1980’s have now virtually disappeared.” Thus, the author is implying that an absence of labor disruptions raises the level of performance, and the converse-that labor disruptions adversely affect performance levels. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the passage makes no generalization about labor disruptions in a weak national economy, nor does it connect labor disruptions with employee concern or employee shareholding. Choice D is incorrect because the passage makes no generalization about the frequency of labor disruptions throughout either state-owned or private companies. 209. 356 The best answer is B. In lines 27-30, the passage cites the percentage of eligible workers 9rather than the percentage of total workers) who bought shares at three different companies; these percentages were respectively 89 percent, 90 percent, and 92 percent-that is, approximately 90 percent in each case. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not state what portion of the workforce at each company was actually eligible to buy shares. Choice C is incorrect because the passage does not state labor unions’ position on employee shareholding. Choices D and E are incorrect because the passage does not mention any contingency on which employees’ opportunity to buy shares was based. 210. The best answer is C. Lines 30-32 assert that people who have a persona stake in an endeavor will “work to make it prosper.” In other words, self-interest is an incentive to make people perform better. Choice C makes the same assumption and uses that the converse is also true: that when workers lack a personal stake in the fate of their industry, their performance will be poor. Thus, state-owned industries, in which employees receive no additional benefit from increased profits, perform poorly because the industries have failed to use employees’ self-interest as motivation for those employees to perform well. 211. The best answer is E. In lines 36-38, the author notes that some economists have suggested a way to “provide a needed acceleration of the privatization process.” That the acceleration is considered to be “needed” suggests that these economists see the privatization process as occurring more slowly than it should be occurring. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not attribute any danger to individual ownership of shares. Choice B is incorrect because the passage presents no evidence that this idea was part of the original conception. Choice D is incorrect because the passage does not mention how privatization has fared elsewhere. 212. The best answer is A. Paine’s saying asserts that people do not hold in high esteem something that comes to them too easily; in this case, the author of the passage is applying the maxim to workers in privatized industries. The author of the passage states that Paine’s point is missed by those economists who believe that giving away, rather than selling; company shares to the employees of a privatized company would spur the privatization process. Thus, the author of the passage believes that the position taken by these economists is incorrect, and that the opposing position as represented y Paine’s maxim is correct-that workers will value the shares more if the shares have a cost. 213. This question asks you to identify the primary concerns of the passage. The best answer is B. The first paragraph describes how coral reefs survive in nutrient-poor waters. The second paragraph states that human activities are adding nutrients to shallow marine habitats, thus threatening the survival of coral reef communities. Choices A and E can be eliminated because an increase in algae and filter-feeding animals is mentioned in the context of the passage’s larger concern with the negative effects of human activities on coral reefs. Choice C is incorrect because the first paragraph of the passage explains how coral reefs survive in nutrient-poor waters; the deterioration of coral reef communities has occurred as a result of the increase in nutrients in their habitats. Choice D can be eliminated because the first paragraph states that symbiotic cells of algae known as zooxanethellae produce food for coral reef communities. 357 214. This question asks you to identify what the passage suggests about coral reef communities. The best answer is A. The first paragraph of the passage describes how coral reef communities have survived in nutrient-poor waters. Lines 21-22 go on to state that recent “Declines in reef communities are consistent wit observations that nutrient input is increasing” in habitats occupied by coral reefs. Thus, the passage suggests that coral reef communities are more likely to survive in nutrient-poor waters. Both B and C can be eliminated because the passage does not state that human population growth has led to changing ocean temperature, nor does it state that the nutrients on which coral reef communities thrive are found only in shallow waters. Choice D is incorrect because the passage states that destabilized herbivore populations are a symptom of the decline of coral reef communities rather than a result of the growth of coral reef communities. Choice E can also be eliminated because the first sentence of the passage states that coral reefs “are one of the most fragile, biologically complex, and diverse marine ecosystems on Earth”; it does not, however, discuss the complexity of coral reefs communities in the context of ecosystems on dry land. 215. This question asks you to identify the purpose of the author’s reference to filter-feeding animals. The best answer is A. In the second paragraph, the author asserts than human activities are adding nutrients to coral reef habitats, thus causing reef decline. In lines 18-20, the author identifies “an increasing abundance of … filter-feeding animals” as a typical symptom of this decline. Choice B can be eliminated because the way in which reef communities acquire sustenance for survival is described in the first paragraph of the passage, prior to the author’s reference to filter-feeding animals. Choice C is not the correct answer because filter-feeding animals are not identified as a factor that helps herbivore populations survive; in fact, destabilized herbivore populations and an increase in filter-feeding animals are signs of coral reef decline. Choice D can be eliminated because the passage indicates that an increase in filter-feeding animals is a symptom of coral reef decline that is brought about by an increase in nutrient input in coral reef habitats, not a decrease in nutrient input. Choice E can be eliminated also because the passage does not mention filter-feeding animals in order to identify coral reef community members that rely on coral reefs for sustenance. 216. This question asks you to identify a factor, mentioned in the passage, that is threatening the survival of coral reef communities. The best answer is E. In lines 16-18, the author indicates that waste by-products created by manufacturing increase the nutrient input in coral reef habitats. In lines 21-25, the author states that the increase in nutrient input is threatening the coral reef communities. Choice A can be eliminated because the first paragraph of the passage indicates that coral reef communities have thrived in nutrient-poor waters. Choice B can be eliminated because the second paragraph of the passage indicates that there has been an increase in the nutrient input in their habits, not a decline. Choice C is not the correct answer. Although the passage does indicate that the waters of coral reefs’ marine habitats have become degraded, the passage does not state that this degradation reduces the ability of coral reef communities to carry out photosynthesis. Choice D is incorrect because the passage does indicate that coral reef communities are complex, 358 but it also states that they have been able to thrive in nutrient-poor waters. 217. To answer this question, you must use information contained in the passage to draw an inference about why the author labels coral reef communities as paradoxical. The bet answer is C. In line 3, the author calls coral reefs “one of the fascinating paradoxes of the biosphere.” The author goes on to explain the nature of this paradox: the “prolific and productive” coral reef communities survive in nutrient-poor waters. Choice A contradicts information presented in the passage. The second paragraph indicates that human activities have increased, not decreased, the nutrients in coral reef communities’ waters, and that this increase has threatened the survival of such communities. Choice B does not present a reason why the author describes coral reef communities as paradoxical. In addition, lines 18-20 of the passage indicate that an abundance of algae is a symptom of reef decline, not reef survival. Choice D does not describe a paradox, and it misrepresents information presented in the passage. Lines 7-10 indicate that the metabolic wastes of coral reefs are used by zooxanthellae to carry out photosynthesis, thereby sustaining themselves and the coral reefs. Choice E contradicts information presented in the passage. Lines 2-5 indicate that coral reef communities thrive in “clear, and thus nutrient-poor, waters.” However, they have begun to decline because of an addition of nutrients in their waters, thus suggesting that the water surrounding them is no longer as clear. 218. This question asks you to identify the statement that best expresses the main idea of the passage. The best answer is B. The passage defines ethnicity and provides examples to illustrate how ethnicity is a “process” that combines cultural concerns with the “shared political and economic interests” mentioned in choice B. Choice A can be eliminated because the “primorodial” character of ethnicity mentioned in the passage. Choices C and D can be eliminated because ethnic groups’ efforts to further their political and economic interests and changes brought about by the Civil Rights movement are merely used by the author as evidence supporting the main idea. Choice E is not correct because although the passage suggests a new conception of ethnicity, there is no indication that the other definitions discussed are incompatible with each other. 219. Since the question simply asks which of the given statements is supported by the passage, you must read each of the choices in order to answer. Reading the first two definitions of ethnicity will be helpful in answering this question. The best answer is D because only the first definition mentions ancestry as a component of ethnicity. The two definitions are contrasted in the passage as well as in choices A, B, and C, but there is not information in the passage to suggest that the definitions are different in any of the specific ways mentioned in these choices. Choice E can be eliminated because neither definition mentions or focuses on immigrant groups. 220. This question asks you to determine why the author uses the actions of Native American people as an example. To answer it, you must decide what the phrase “this process” in line 17 means. The best answer is B because the “process” of ethnicity mentioned in line 17 is described generally in the first paragraph. The reference to Native American people provides a specific example, in terms of political activity, of that process. Specifically, in lines 20-24, the author states that Native 359 Americans’ political activities, which were inspired by the Civil Rights movement, have in turn increased interest in Native American history and culture. Choice A can be eliminated because the discussion of Native American people is not concerned with the concept of essential human need, which is mentioned in the first paragraph in the first definition of ethnicity. Choice C can be eliminated because the Civil Rights movements is mentioned in the second paragraph because of its encouragement of Native American participation in politics, rather than its promoting of solidarity among groups. Both D and E are incorrect because no mention is made of improvement in Native Americans’ economic situation or of the benefits gained from studying ethnic history and culture. 221. Since the question asks which statement is supported by the passage, you must read the information about the Mexican American community in order to answer. The best answer is D because voting rights is characterized as an emerging issue –an issue of increasing concern. Choice A can be eliminated because Cinco de Mayo and other ethnic holidays are not characterized as having been combined. Choice B can be eliminated because no mention is made of economic change as a motivation for ethnic solidarity. Choice C is incorrect because the passage suggests that ethnic history and culture were not ends in themselves but were used to promote political ends. Choice E is incorrect also because the Mexican American community is not characterized as more successful than other ethnic groups. 222. This question simply requires that you select the type of ethnic cultural expression that is mentioned in the passage. The best answer is D. The celebration of Cinco de Mayo and St. Patrick’s Day, which are both traditional ethnic holidays, is mentioned in the passage. Choices A, B, C and E are not correct: these types of ethnic expressions are not mentioned anywhere in the passage. 223. Reference to the “many European ethnic groups in the nineteenth-century United States” is found in the last paragraph of the passage. The best answer is C. “United States symbols” in choice C paraphrases “civic symbols” in the passage, and “those symbols of their countries of origin” in C paraphrases “ethnic …. symbols.” Although the statements in choices A, B, D, and E are not necessarily incorrect, there is no information in the passage that clearly supports any of them. 224. This question asks you to use the information in the passage to draw a conclusion about Henry Cisneros, a Mexican American leader who is discussed in the passage. According to the passage, Cisneros cited Juarez as a model for Mexican Americans. Choice A, the best answer, is another way of saying that Cisneros believed that his constituents would respond positively to Juarez’ example. Choice B can be eliminated because although Cisneros believed a particular historical figure to be important to Mexican Americans, there is no indication that he though of Mexican Americans as insufficiently educated in Mexican history. Choice C is incorrect because the author mentions only a parallel between a holiday celebrated by Mexican Americans and a holiday celebrated by Irish Americans. Choice D can be eliminated because the passage states only that Juarez would provide a model for Mexican American; it does not refer to his tactics. Choice E can be eliminated because there is no indication in the passage that Cisneros recommended that 360 Mexican American emulate strategies used by other groups. 225. This question asks you to identify the primary purpose of the passage as a whole. The best answer is B. The first two sentences of the passage point out that attempts to create superior service do not always result in a competitive advantage for a company and that investments in service need to be weighted against other possible methods for improving a company’s competitiveness. These statements suggest that more careful evaluation is needed when service improvements are being contemplated for the purpose of increasing competitiveness. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not contrast possible outcomes of investment in service. The only outcome of such investment that is discussed in the passage is hat of lack of improvement in competitive advantage. Choice C can be eliminated because although the passage illustrates a case in which investments in service did not result in increased competitiveness, it does not illustrate various ways in which such investments fail to enhance revenues. Choice D is incorrect because the passage is not primarily about the regional bank referred to in the second paragraph and its problems. Rather, the bank is discussed as an example of the larger issue about which the passage is concerned. Choice E can be eliminated because the passage does not explain or criticize how managers actually analyze the costs and benefits of business investments: it indicates only that managers’ analysis in inadequate. 226. This question asks you to identify a similarity between investments in service and investments in production and distribution that is explicitly noted by the author in the passage. The best answer is C. In liens 3-7, the author observes that investments in service are comparable to investments in production and distribution in that both types of investments need to be evaluated on the same basis; specifically the author states that both “must be balanced against other types of investments on the basis of direct, tangible benefits such as cost reduction and increased revenues.” Choice A is not correct: lines 3-7 suggest that the author believes that both investments in service and investments in production and distribution may be worthwhile if they result in tangible benefits, but the author neither states nor suggests that the tangibility of investments in production and distribution. Choice B can be eliminated because there is no indication in the passage that when, I fact, investments in service do raise revenues, these revenues are comparable to the revenues raised by investments in production and distribution. Choice D is incorrect because although the passage does suggest that managers’ analysis of investments in service is insufficient, there is no indication in the passage that managers’ analysis of investments in production and distribution is also insufficient. Choice E can be eliminated because there is no discussion in the passage of the extent to which either investments in service or investments in production and distribution are likely to enhance competitive advantage. 227. This question asks you to draw a conclusion about the service provided by the regional bank discussed in lines 13-24, prior to this bank’s investments in service. The best answer is A. The words “This truth” in line 13 refer to the information presented in the previous sentence (lines 7-12). By putting together the information in this sentence and the information in the first sentence of the following paragraph, one can infer that even before this regional bank had instituted its service improvements, it was “already effectively on a par wit hits competitors because it provided service that avoided a damaging reputation and kept customers from leaving at an unacceptable [...]... societal good on the part of market participants Choice B can be eliminated because the effect of prior allocation of funds is mentioned in the second paragraph (lines 8-14), prior to any discussion of traditional financial market analysis Both C and D contradict a claim made in the passage about conventional financial market analysis First, conventional analysis is said to assume that all participants have... home was determined Choice C is incorrect: although lines 16-19 state that changes to the 1850 census were made partly in response to the antislavery and women’ rights movement, there is no indication in the passage that any nineteenth-century census collected information about persons’ participation in social movements Choices D and E are incorrect Lines 19-20 indicate that the 1870 United State census... statisticians were participants in the antislavery movement or that they wanted to call attention to the lack of pay for women who worked at home Choice D is incorrect because it cannot be determined from the information presented in the passage whether these advocates and statisticians thought that census statistics about women would be more accurate if more women were employed as census officials Choice... different approaches to the study of those mechanisms Choice B is not correct because no particular studies are cited in the passage Choices C and E can be eliminated because the passage is concerned with a straightforward description of certain regulatory processes in various animals It does not argue in favor of any particular hypothesis, nor does it defend any new theory concerning homeostasis 262 In... does not mention any assumption on the part of conventional theory with regard to the consequence of considering socioeconomic factors 282 This question asks you to identify a claim made in the passage about the conventional viewpoint of financial market analysts The best answer is E The passage states that conventional financial analysis has assumed that all market participants have the same access to... incorrect: lines 5 -15 of the passage state that in the 1840 United States census, the head of household was specified by name while other household members were indicated by occupational and other categories 238 This question asks you to draw a conclusion about the 1840 United States census that is suggested by, rather than explicitly stated in, the passage Choice B is the best answer Lines 5 -15 indicate... that it is odd either for service to improve as a result of investments in service or for businesses to invest in service improvements Choice C 361 is not correct because the passage does not discuss any particular attributes of the improvement Choice D can be eliminated because the passage mentions only one incidental merit of the service improvement: ease of explanation (lines 22-24) It cannot, therefore,... companies Thus it can be inferred from the passage that the author would agree 365 that the activities of early chartered trading companies were complex enough to require a high level of planning on the part of management Both B and C misrepresent the author’s description of the activities engaged in by early chartered trading companies The author suggests that the activities are fairly complex and in... two theories would have to discuss the second theory in greater detail Choice D and E are incorrect because the passage does not suggest that there have been misconceptions about feminist theory, and no particular ideology is being defended 250 This question requires you to make an inference, based on Eisenstein’s argument, regarding her view of the attitudes of the women she studies The best answer is... political groups as to the definition of the dominant ideology Choices D and E are incorrect because Eisenstein’s study is not concerned with the interaction between socialism and feminism, nor with labor’s particular role in the introduction of women into the workforce 253 This question asks you to identify the primary purpose of the passage as a whole The best answer 368 is D The passage discusses two hypothesis . to the author, “to maximize the chances of discovery the explore must …pay particular attention to selecting the ground formations most likely to be mineralized. processes are important in constructing the models, so Statement II cannot be part of the correct answer. 206. The best answer is D. The passage does