Tài liệu NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG NHẬT CƠ BẢN (2) pdf

W 26lj/ry fl, {R'; 1.,'ru4 J I \Ofl GiAi thfch ngrr TT\Jq phfp=.1 Bni 26 1. - fuTf li ct'u trfic giii thich nguy€n nhin , lf do , dd h6i hay dirng dd nhan manh n6i len f kidn cira minh . -futfdtroc sir dung rrong vf,n n6i , cbn-O('fduo.c sfr dung trong vdn vidt . ^-ArTfduqc sri dung rheo nhfing crich dudi ddy . r) ' l"tfi' Cdu tnic_n35r duoc srl dung theo nh&ng ciich du6i diy (l) Ifti nguli n6i suy dodn mOt ly do hay m6t nguy€n nhf,n gi6ng nhu nhirng gi mlr anl ta de tlng they hay nghe , vI xric nhdn lai didu d6 c6 d{ng hay kh6ng . tJtrl,s !tC|JU#Er' ,te CD Eiz I tul*Bfa tl6#&{F1,*fie" l(pFE{tl"-Cr,.ktu<.f i,. . . . ii. 1 5ffi*rtlEt:{ltutu.*L/:" 1 Anh Watanabe thinh thodng ciing n6i ti€hg Osaka dring kh0ng .l Anh dd sdng d Osaka phii khong ? TOi d{ sdng & Osaka den l5 tudi . (2) Khi ngudi n6i h6i thong tin vd nhfing gi mi anh ta rirng nghe hay thdy . : 6\ \4) l;l,'- r, : ffi H L''z+l,f y a*ltTt-i- tr" & : TH. cf: A,T-f i'" Ddi gidy kidu hay qud . Anh rnua d dau dd'y ? T6i dd mua d si0u thi Eclova , ,t. (J) Khi ngudr noi h6i ngudi nghe giii thfch lf do hay nguyOn nhAn cira mt,t didu g'i r anh ta da tirng duo.c nghe hay thay . 1i ., @ t') L(iEtrf fuTf h'" Tai sao anh lai ddn mu6n ? (4) Khi y€u cdu m6t su gi6i thich hay h6i mOr chri thich cho mQt t)nh hudng nio d6 . lr< Thi thuorrg Ttid ttrubng -t: + -lt } Ddng tt Tinh tt duOi Vr Tinh ti'tluOi /t Danh tir @ &') L/:tu(fi." Cd vd'n d€ gi dey ? Lmr f : ^-fu("fi' thinh thoing cbn thtihien su ngac nhi€n, su hi6ru kj,cira ngudi n6i . Crich sir dung kh6ng thich hqp doi t<tricO iire f an.'ng,,i,i n;i,;;;"'; il:;;;;;, ddc bi€t ch6 f vdi crich n6i niv . 2) ""/rTf Cdch n6i niy duo.c si( dung dudi nhnng tirln hudng dudi diy . tt'frl';*i,-ot li do hav nguv€n nhdn vdi tu.ei rr, roi.a,, tri ldicho vrdu 3 ,4 tr€n (5) t" i L(iE*Lt:A,T-f/t," : _ . . /\7'rti*./&h\1t=/wT+- (bJ' ,r- a I f- _a 7-"-i-+, ! .' vt\_tu \ ) /J.o . q$^, b5 Tai sao anh lai d€h mudn ? Bdi vi xe buyt dd kh6ng d€h . Anh bi lhm sao day ? b_+ :_& frrr.Ztinir.'1"<"g T6i cim thay hoi kh6 chiu r-:-L L: t-,- -t t . . b "t _:_g fr/C/;ffir. r/"("_f T6i cim thay hoi (2) Khi ngubi n6i trinh b)v t7 r{o ha.,, ;:;:i;- -L- r "clYjJljjlj"h p)I ry ao n.y ngffi.*,i" .h";l;u';l;;#;t . @ ii*i#ffi'a# fi-*t,t." Em c6 doc brio hing s6ng kh0ng ? EN,A, L \L \io F#Ffi/s/er, r<"fo . . . Kh6ng , em kh6ng c6 thdi gian . chf f : "- A'rf ti,ong aoo c*ffi-niirng vdn dd nhu vr ou duii oay . t>t:t-tt-<.t 7.i7 T+" . X t>tzl-lX-z 4 , . :. 7 *tt ArTu. Trong trulng hgp niy c6u vdn s€ rrd n€n don di€u 31 I , 7"a"g-2s. -,-l _ '*-t -e-r lr . duoc dirng dd m& ddu m6r cau chuyQn . B6t adu rt m6r lli dd nghi , mor rdi *li ' liy mgr bidu hi.n xin phdp - /i trong tinh hu6ng nly dugc ding dc n.i cdc cau m.t ciichffre nhlng , bidu.hie.n iu ngap ngtrg rr,qi 30.!e pr " if.,n n,.i ;;;;";;; phia ngubi n6i . Trons vidu @ ,.au'rou Ltf/r ,h;;;;,*'iiroc di khi nrj ro ring do-i vdi c6 ngudiigte ua *"ii"otl- @ n'##r#da,gt.,ii<.j-rr. 12 r. L F.<v.,rtrr*{i/,/." ' T.i de vi€i thu bang tichg Nhat , kh6ng bie'r ;; ,hd i;; ;; g.ip rdi duoc kh6ng ? O NHK aHHLf:r,\/,-efri. E ) LtzbL\u\t-d-rr Tdi mu.n rhdm quan dii truydn hinh NHK .1. Nrr,atlgen , phrii lhm rh€.nio b:1y gid. @ +.'Aarfr , 3v\l,JTirtj . . - Khdng c6 nudc n6ng . . . ( phii lim the nno biy gid ) 2 . ".: ,' 3. ':. b t, 'tr,Tf i'o Tdi mua Camera & ddu duoc blv : I /,.tr o @ flf.\y'*e6ai/rr,''lvtf,i,. t ) Lt:b1r1,r1-j-fr" J0rlq01C cd ti€n lE , lim thd nho bay gid . ;11.? l':,:.fL:" fy dilc khi ngudi *iiiai'"e"ai nghe m6r rdi khuy€n hay ru,i ch li:J"t#i:l*,:e,$-l11''Ii::g 1i,o: g r.r' i'"godi "ii ;;;;-c"#i ;; khong bidt noi nho dClmua, b&i vay anrr ia rrOi ;"dGil;l;il;;?;tu s;i Thich / kh6ng thich Gi6i / k6m C6 <)rj7t rD\ L.'- \all c- g ; A iLAin,\, A A, r, @ ie*rAr:#r:ii L* fi," '. '- ' l,,r\i xrJ',-yEe>*. g tTg D+/tr,.l,Tf" Anh c6 rham gia rlaihQi thd thao kh6ne ? , . , , . . Kh6ng , tOi kh0ng thich thd thao l6-m Ban dd hoc rrong quydn I (.bni r!;17) chri ngr ua ooi tuong duoc chi dinh b&i tra tt { c6 thd trd thlnti chir dd ri. ,ilf .anh bing tro ti l*. Ddi tucrng duo. c chi dlnh,k tro tir ii_c_!ng cd thd nhfn *q;h bing rq [t f+&<'rzl$,i;<-r iHcf,r^.r.rf erV *.f , j i a: H Lf( cacn vrit rac t L,riL$.i 0( $ L 6 t =": r& # E,Dfifflbit ,t,hL L *, 4 EIf*:'4. (ffii5ji) Kac cnay ou_d. c h,4 *4 '" rr* ftr'i \h!v 6 * /r' rr 6f :'4l- (ffii/ru\r':) Rfc khdng chdy duo. c ' tulo/w )J'7 z#-n . t1.(}l- /, ^7 .y 2 Nf" t &t < +!'t:!'g:6.1 i ot" &8S96 trffift + l: !' *E,(J'i r.<'. *H .(t.t&,t.tt!,(,l& *E?5{ZHF, l;('LL." E $8.+- Thdng br4o ngiy thu rhdp r6c L" i L,{ i U .ta 1.r, t ;,.t ji L! tlx F E E .7k.AFEF Ngiy thu : hai , tu, sdu . Rdc giay R6c tuoi sdng L.tjLni {I€F :lsEE Ngly thu thrl nim Rdc kinh ( nhrr dd kfnh bi vd ) Rric plastic Nheng d6 ding trong bep liLm bing kim loai R6c to Dd dtng gia dinh D6 di€n t& Xe dap R6c tii nguy€n ( dd c6 thd t6i sri dung ) Lon Chai ,lo Br{.o cfi '-t \- :_\ t t r. r, ,tt & := c tLl ,!. 3 *.31j/' l^6u/e#L tr#.Ef, Bii 27 1. DOns rir thd khi n[ns . cdch'tqro d6ng it thd khi ning ('Xem trongqfyd6r chinh , bii 27 , rrang rz , phdn ftFB Ar ) Tdl ci ddng ri rhd khe ning ll d6ng tir nh6m II , chdng kdt hop v6i dQng rt thd nguy€n miu ( thd trong tldidn ), thd /lL ' , thd ( . . . E.g. z1'[15. z)rtt (AL\). 71rtt(' Rieng d6ng ti' led'6 dd bao htrm tinh khri neng trong nd ndn khOng cdn ddi sang *t/t,tt,b 2. Cau cd done tt thd khA nans , l) Dong tir thd khi ntng kh6ng diEn ti hlnh dong mi chi trang rh'ii . Ddi trong cria tha d6ng tt duo. c chi dinh bdi tro ti t,,cbn ddi tuong cia dong r& khi ning duo.c chi dinh bdi tro,til Di . O *r/;LtJEfr#AEf;L*f. Toin6itidngirh4r @ *>i';Llt. E t;FrsE6it*f" Toic6 thC n6i ridng Mat {.!],rg c6 tro ttr nio cdn thay dtii ngoii tro tir t @ -nTfiFft^?itj*fi." @ E+8.s"t:+i*t/,TLt" Anh di m6t minh ddn b€nh viOn duo. c khOng ? . TOi khOng thd gg anh Tanaka . 2)QQne til thd kha.' ndng c6 2 cdch sr? dung , dr)ng dd di6n ri ndng luc cria mdr ai d6 c6 rhC 1im m( didu gi d6 ( vi dr; 5 ) vl di€n ti khri ning cira mQt hinh d6ng rrong mgr tinh hu6ng hay m6r hoi cinh nhfi dinh ( Vi dq 6 ) @ i 7-3l"ltF+/lifiF)*f. AnhMiilerc6rhddocdu_d.cch0hdn @ : a)ffitr-e F'rr,ai142 6Jx * f" d ngan hing niy c6 thC ddi drroc Dota . 3. F,i*f vn ffi:i*f ' DQng tir khi ndn_e cho 4*f t\ hbtL*.t D6ng tir khi ning cho &i3*f tt *tJ f.No ctri ra j d6 cria mgt ai d6 trong vi€c nghe vir nhin vh nguli dny c6 thd lim viOc d6 . 4K f chiram6tdoi tuqng,suvitcddinhroi viotdmnhincuaai d6vi t:i*f chi rar.mthar d€htaim6taid6 lim.ngudi ngheduoc.Trongciusridung ltL*+ vi gIi*f adi tuq duocnhin.llllChe-rl'll.rtrchringerorngciiuduo,cbiCurhi bangtrgtt zji. @ H'#(4HtroilffiarAE*i*-i. Baygi&dshinjuku c6 thd xem phim Lr\Jlt}. t u [n The lich su Kna nang Th€ thrim I ,'* *f i'v t*f rt'rr*.f ,'i*f h''tJ6 rt,i4 r:=bir6 : bf,L5 T36 II l:^*f /:^bi.t,*f m 3*f I 1- -l- L,x' 9 : bil,*f ("3 *f rRl 16.t @ W#Hn*returr F.i *f" EgE6<"XfiTffiniffitt*f" a rJra*htS: i*f. Kurosawr TL Sinkansen c6 thd nhin.thay nrii Fuji C6 thd nghe d1r brio thdi tiet tir di€n thoai C6 th€ nghe thdY tidng crla Radio 4. rt *f DQngtil<sEfbanhocdd0ycdnghiall.}irondn,hointhirnh,xongv}rdangtontql. @ERd)friit:t*t,r7_z{-/i(.**Ll: M6tsi€uthitodtru6cgivUam6ix&yxong @ l+E+ailt1F;ltv'tT8 *f''. Srra ddng hd bao gid xong ? 5. lt l) -Clt,/t:ti / "1*/ fi'bl*,/ * TIt' Trq tir lt dilng dd nhdn manh danh tU nhu m6t chil di} cdu chuyen , vir nhrt bon dd hqc o biri i0't?vir 26'khi/ivir&theosaudanhtir,n6duocthaythdbingtt.Khitrctir(t.t:.})disau danh tt , tt c6 thd duo.c th€m viro sau ' @bilv4,+&.|:|x71,lJ)\f]frE.iir,.*f"Trongtrutmghocciratr}ic6thdygi6o nsudiMy(tronguudnghgpnirymudnnhdn ciratOi nghedicbiethontruehgkh6c) @ tttzLCI#&Tlt+trFF'tB i*f" d'truong cila toi c6 thC hqc ti€hg Trung Qudic ( Truong khdc c6 thd khong ) 2).lt cbn s&dgng di so sdnh' @ Ff F lttlr{F,is Lf:ili. 4 E IJF'e*it/"" Hdm qua thi nhin thA'y niri ' cbn h6m nay thi kh6ng ' @' e,( Ys:ff .r*lJ-fii. c-lt't1fr7|*ld.l'" 'T6i udng dugc rugu nhung khdng udng duo'c bia ' . @ 6611^r$?f * *f,t. AIE^ltt78 *it/"" TOi di KYdto chrl kh6ng di Osakn ' 6' I) Gio,ngnhucrichsirctr;ng{*dtren,trotttthayth€'cho&hoic/i'nh.rmgtheosaut|'otit lchic .Trong trrrdng hoo c6 tro tir ^ ' c6 thd lrroc di duoc @ 2, I 3 /'$NBFtrE6'tl* i-' 7 ?:^A9bFftfgf' Toj c6 thd n6i tiing Arlh ' Vh c[ng c6 thd n6i tidng Ph{p @ *+ 7 l9 )t^11t * Ll:" '?{ +v=t'-lL11t*Vt:* Ndm ngodi toi dn di My Vh di ci Mexico n8a ' ' @ *>t: LaH'En'bifi7)tEti* t' #o*f&rt'b +rBi'gf Tir phbng t6i c6 thd nhin thdy biin Vir tir trong phbng anh t6i c0ng c6 thd nhin thdy ' z. Li' Bni 28 rhi *f ( b6 dudi *ft /rnl b + v Cdu inic niLy c6 nghia mQt ngubi lirm 2 hlnh d6ng khric nhau ( Vl , V2 ) cing mdt hic . Hirnh dQng duoc bidu thi bing V2 thi duo.c coi lh hinh ddng chinh trong cf,u . O F*AFf,e /f nl b., €+ L*' j vta dn com via nghe nhtc , @ fftS/Jrrrr. E#-EEtfthtAlL(r,.*f" vtahsctiehgMatviralim viQc.' tirthd ( + .t/\* Hinh dQng c6 tfnh nhu rnQt t0p qu6n hay th6i quen cia cd nhin duo,c diEn ti b&i cdu trric niy . Hnnh dQng lith6i quen irong quri kht?duoc di€n ti boi m5u V ( +'Lr* I>/:. @ -ft#) a{:z/t L(r,''*f. Hing sdng t6i thuong ch4y bQ @ 7&a&3.€ffi SF+(rE(1.* L/:" Khicbnnh6,toinhotdicfrngdingrilfc 3. Tt thi thudns + L. : 8 gid Cira hing niry vila gdn nhh , vta di dtd veo drrgc n€n rdt ri€n li+: @,E.+tt*#rt #. 2-< v./: /:'lJ * rt,Li." . enh c6 thd d{y ti6ngAnh cho con rrai t6i duac kh6ng ? . . . i/,, ffi#b*L\L. 6if <.8##ofrataLh6 L. . , .o thugng di p6ng tric nhidu , vi lai s;ip ddn ky thi tic'ng Nhlt rdi ntn . . .sri dung trong cAu. Tuy l! do chi duo.c n€u m6 c n[a mh ngudi n6i chua.dd cip tdi khi ngudi n6i dirng l) Khi cau dugc dd vd mOt d6i tugng nh{t dinh , r:6 c6 thd duo.c ndi bihg ciich s& dung c{u trrj, niy .Vi du , trong cAu mi6u ti dac tfnh tdt cfra m6t ddi tuong duoc lien k6t vio m0t ciu sri dgn; cau krlc nhy b.rVL @ e v lft,Eljim,L',/jL,. * ue)flL. ffifrbb9 *f;, ThAy Watt rdt fta nhiQt tinh .vta thAr rhi , viL c6 nhidu kinh nghiQm . @ ERzl. 6 [r, \: L. +( t * t, tL 4 L. : CI'Et* &'( 6iFt(("*d in giohg "'i'6o F i a *Hr *f" lvliu cfrng dep, tdi sE(iruadoi giiy niy rh dt khlc nhu giri rd , da mdrn . . ) :il t-r thuorrg dtro.c gitpung trong ci'u trric ciu niy . Birng cr J.on nlrunjry oq!rl1. uj nhdn manh quan didm cia anh ra I il{ ) n\- €m I didu gi oo fffi.niCu vdi tinh hudng hay dac didm c&, tl }r z't\,la duoc sri dung khi ban vfit mir ban vita n€u ra . c6l I 26 4, @ u, L__JI*t:*\ELr:&f i,. Tai sao anh laichon truorg ei hoc sakura "' t* ^+l*!rr,,fl f:*E*:r r .r,rF Ir, ? ". j;;;iffi 'il;'; i;J_'r*," {, 4r,' L . t r'.*,\ b iru i (. 'hcrn nta lai gdi nhn r6i nia n€n . . . - ri dd hoc ' vl c6 nhidu thdy girio to't , *ffi ,l:f,i::':b tir s& dung dd chi dicu dd d'oc n6i rrudc da-y , n6 rn rf do hay nguy€n nhrn @ :a vz. l. 7:,rtiifd6Fr, L. *;1,, Lr /,rf. . . . ZtLTLn\*1.,r(f*a" Nhi hing niy vta 16 vira ngon . . . i Vir d6 li diCu tai sao n6 lai d6ng . 5. 6. Trong cau tren ( xern ffiB cz ) , rrg t& ti nd cni ditlm ddn crla m6r ngudi , ducrc su dung thay il#1::;:::,,::T:::.:: T.** ol,, tri nhu !,8 *r. **r. i,i s *r hay SIF L * fduo. c srl dgng vdi dia didm ,-,, hoic ., dia didm {l_ t Bei 29 ttthd (+ u\*f , u_d.c rao ra nhu mqr kdt qui cia hinh dQng . t. DQng 1) ,fi/rFtir,* Lt Khi.mi0u ti mQr tinh hu6ng rrong qud khri, thd ( + r,r* Lt . @ +#EErrillytt,\* Lt. sdngnayduongr6td6ng. @ y= i y F t /,ns$c (*t ;; ;;r;;:,ff;il;;;;:: 2) 2. Khi chi ngil cria mil henh dQng trugc dua l€n lim chi d€ cdu chuy.n , nd duoc chi dinh b&i tro trr E Trong vi du 4 , v6i sri duqg hinh dung til chi dinh, i o),nguBi n6i xdc dinh ro ,eng cei ,to;:;; d- cAu chuygn vi mi€u td trang thdi crja n6 cho ngrrdi nghe . @ :or,''f,t&fi,<r,'*f. cdi ghdniybih6ngrdi. T6i di uiing h€l rugu cria anh Schmidt dem d€h rdi @ iH+0)?EHtjb i ta( L*r,,,g 1_;;" T6i di rim h6t bii upchfihdn rdi. Tuy dong tt thd v *'L t cong c6 rhd diin ti str hoan rhlnh crra m6t hlnh ddng , nhiing sri dur dQngttthd v ( + L*u'* Li; nha'n manh honsukdtthrichoan toin.,i.,qthanh d;"g.; n€n miu nhy thuong di cirng vdi ciic tu nhu {.r i iray €Ar*i . Bdi vi tinh dnc bi.t cia srr Ldu trr KitFlf,u(r,'*f niy . vi du 5 cd him ;i v€ kdr qui cia su vi0c . ,,, kh6ng cbn m6t ch r ruou nio h€i , vd vi du 6 n6 di€n ti tnm trqn-s an rim , mAn nguy€n cia ngudi n6i sau khi di hoin tdt bi, Up. cdutrtjcV.r + L*1"*f di6nticfingdi€ntingudi n6i sEhointhinhhinhdon-etrongruong t^: @ E: ,*1" *. <r: r/ ,{- r- t €L \( L * t, '* -r-" T6i s€ viet xcng bdo cdo vio rrud nay . ,J. cf,u trfic niy di6n ti sq ro l5ng , srrn6i ti€t cia ngtrdi n6i trong m6r rinh hu6ng kh6 khin . @ ,tx,lt* l.?lt( L<L*L\* Lt" T6i dntimmrlh6chie.urdi @ l:y = >il;tkfiFL< L*t,,'* L/:" Mdytfnhcua t6i hdng mdt rdi . Tuy viQc mai hQ chie'u hay v{n d€ vdi mdy tinh c6 thd duo.c didn d bang cau trric lr( L* Lt hoic r' Lr i L* Lt ' nhung roai cnu tren rlm cho ngudi nghe hicu horr vd tam tr4ng ro ling luy€h tidc cria ngudi n6i . 4. [&r r* tr.l @ f iltf ,A,/li &> D *. Ltt k. T6i da tim rhey cip rdi . fr> 9 *' Ltt & day dugc dnng dd dien ti nguli n6i dd tirn ra eap cia anh ra , chf n6 kh6ng didn ti su tdn tai cia iei "lp. 5. I E:-i,<,/ l':a.td Trongvidudbii 13,bqnd6ho.c , trong l:zJ,^. vi & trong ftl:rt,t c6thCduo.cluo.cdi . Nhmg t u'ong &:r'<(vidu lr)hay t: rrong t:21'r: vf du 12kh6ngthdruo.cdi duo.c @ f i/.(-Ffft*/r< L(L*r,,* Lt" Toiddltmma,tvi8daurdi ' @ P:r'rr€efrriz>r) *,'t/urt,. Kh6ngbi6rc6difithoaigdndaykh.ngnhi? [...]... cdch n6i ciranh0ngngubicL rudi hay nh[ng ngudic6 dia vi caoddi vdi nhilng ngrrdi d'di cr]a anhta , hayc4chn6i crlabd vdi con , -,ri-i O + \ r *a \y +:- . dd sdng d Osaka phii khong ? TOi d{ sdng & Osaka den l5 tudi . (2) Khi ngudi n6i h6i thong tin vd nhfing gi mi anh ta rirng nghe hay. t . . b "t _:_g fr/C/;ffir. r/"("_f T6i cim thay hoi (2) Khi ngubi n6i trinh b)v t7 r{o ha.,, ;:;:i;- -L- r "clYjJljjlj"h