Khóa học này giúp sinh viên hiểu và có đủ khả năng mô tả biểu đồ về các thông tin thương mại, so sánh thông tin từ các biểu đồ. Viết các loại thư thông dụng trong công việc: thư mời, thư cảm ơn, thư hẹn gặp, thư chúc mừng,v.v. Nâng cao các kỹ năng giao tiếp bằng tiếng anh trong môi trường làm việc. Nâng cao vốn từ và kỹ năng giao tiếp bằng tiếng anh khi tham dự các cuộc họp và hội nghị, viết chương trình hội nghị, biên bản cuộc họp.
Unit Describing Trends PRESENTATION Complete these graphs 26 Listen to a sales manager describing his company’s sales figures and complete the graph opposite 14,000 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 J F M A M J J A S O N D 26 Listen again and note why these things happened Sales increased in March Sales fell in May Sales rose in July Sales increased in September Sales went down in November Complete these sentences about the sales figures Use a preposition (to, from, by, at, etc.) Sales stayed _ 6000 in February They increased _ 7000 in March _ 8000 in April They decreased _ 3000 in May They fell _ 4000 in June They rose _ 5000 _ 6000 in August They increased _ 7000 between August and October They remained steady _ 7000 in December Complete these sentences with the correct preposition We invested a lot of money spent wasted made saved gave borrowed owed the business training courses unnecessary equipment our overseas investments our energy bills charity the bank our suppliers LANGUAGE WORK Rises and falls Discuss these figures with a colleague One person should use the information on the left and the other should use the information on the right Use these verbs increase rise go up decrease fall go down A Our market share fell by 1% last year B Yes, but on the other hand our turnover increased by 8% Our market share Distribution costs The number of new contracts Earnings from investments The number of employees Sales to the EC Wages Spending on training -1% +18% -6% -3% -4% -2% +8% +15% Our turnover Prices of raw materials Spending on research and development Debts to our suppliers Productivity Sales to South America Our staff turnover Customer complaints +8% -4% +9% -4% +6% +5% -20% -16% Write six sentences describing rises and falls in your company’s figures (You can invent statistics you don’t know.) Our turnover increased by 50 million francs last year The number of employees went up by five per cent Pronunciation The spelling of English words is often different from their pronunciation We sometimes write letters we don’t pronounce For example, debt is pronounced /det/ The ‘b’ is silent How we pronounce these English words? Cross out the silent letters like this: debt write know answer receipt listen high sign business half 10 scientist 11 chemist 12 psychiatrist 27 Listen and check your answers Describing changes Complete these tables verb (action) to rise to fall to increase to decrease to improve to recover noun (thing) a rise Now complete this table ADJECTIVE (describes a noun) ADVERB (describes a verb) slight sharp dramatic steady slightly Which adjective describes: a sudden, very large change? a sudden, large change? a very small change? a regular change (not sudden)? Study the graph and use each adjective once to complete the description We had a 1increase in market share in 1991, followed by a _ fall in 1992, when we sold a brand But a successful new brand launched in 1993 meant there was a _ recovery that year, and a _ increase in 1994 and 1995 too Now use each adverb once to complete this description Our production costs per unit fell _ in 1991 when we automated the assembly line and they continued to decrease _ for the next three years They went down _ in 1994 when we bought the new packaging machinery but rose _ in 1995 because of increased time spent on quality control Now use each adverb and adjective once to complete this description Sales to the UK market rose between 1990 and 1992 There was a decrease in 1993 when our main distributor went out of business Sales rose _ in 1994, and the improvement in 1995 brought us back to the 1990 level There was a rise in exports in 1991 They went up in 1992 when we began to break into the US market They rose _ in 1993 when we signed the new agency agreement and there was a _ increase in 1994 and 1995 Describing Graphs Work in pairs One person should use the information below and the other should use the information in File 23 on page 80 The graph below shows a company’s sales over a twelve-month period Describe it to your partner They should draw it Now listen to your partner’s description of the energy costs of a smaller company over a period of twelve months Draw the graph 8,000 Energy Costs £ 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 J F M A M J J A S O N D Giving reasons Look at the figures below In which month did these events happen? the autumn mail shot a spell of cold weather a move to larger premises the installation of a call routing system the launch party for the new season’s designs the autumn sales conference in Brussels Month September Bradford Branch Overheads Rent Gas and Electricity charges Postage costs Travel costs Telephone charges Entertainment costs July £ 690 560 600 250 460 640 Aug £ 950 590 610 400 490 520 Sept £ 950 600 1500 320 280 500 Oct £ 950 1300 590 12800 280 490 Nov £ 950 700 630 590 290 2100 Dec £ 950 900 580 280 270 650 Work with a partner Ask and answer questions about the figures A Why was there a rise in rent in August? B That was because of a move to larger premises Write some sentences explaining the figures A move to larger premises (REASON) result in led to a rise in rent in August (RESULT) The rise in rent in August (RESULT) was due to resulted from a move to larger premises (REASON) Study the sentences below Which are reasons and which are results? Link them with one of the phrases above The factory automation an increase in productivity The staff reductions the factory automation The large pay rises a decrease in staff turnover The increase in sales costs the rise in spending on advertising The big orders from Japan a recovery in sales The shorter delivery times the new distribution system The increase in competition a decrease in our market share The rise in distribution costs the increase in petrol prices SKILLS WORK Speaking Vertical Axis Draw a graph representing something connected with your work, for example ▪ seasonal sales trends ▪ annual turnover ▪ raw material prices ▪ number of employees Horizontal Axis Work in pairs or small groups Take it in turns to present your graphs to one another ▪ Explain what they represent ▪ Give reasons for the changes ▪ Answer questions These phrases will help you This graph shows This led to This was due to Are there any questions? As you can see This resulted in This resulted from Unit Comparing Information PRESENTATION Look at these statistics on sales of frozen foods Which one is: a a bar graph b a table c a pie chart Match these headings to the correct graph, table or chart Desserts – sales by value Ready meals – sales by sector Frozen foods – sales by sector 10 You are chairing this meeting What would you say? (Source: Further Ahead, Workbook, p 48) CHAIR (1): (start meeting / introduce Paola) PAOLA: Thank you As you know, we want to make the office more environmentally friendly One suggestion is to use less energy for heating RICHARD: Sorry Paola, but it would be cold in here! I can’t agree to that! CHAIR (2): (deal with the interruption / ask Paola to continue) PAOLA We also need to look at the amount of paper we use SYLVIA: Sorry to interrupt, but I haven’t had my new business cards CHAIR (3): (Keep to the point / ask Paola to continue) PAOLA: For example, last year we doubled the amount of paper we used RICHARD: Well, our business doubled last year too CHAIR (4): (move to next point) PAOLA: My next point is the use of cars Too many people drive to work, when there is a good bus service to the office SYLVIA: It isn’t very good from where I live! There’s only one bus an hour – CHAIR (5) (keep to the point / any other points?) PAOLA: Those are the main points for discussion Shall we start with the heating, where costs rose Language used in meeting (Source: Head for Business, Intermediate Student’s Book, p 82) A Complete this text with words/phrases given in the box agenda six points first item his apologies make a start get down to take the minutes ‘It’s nine o’clock so I think we should a Malcolm sends b ; he can’t be here tonight Has anyone got an c ? Good As you can see, there are d to discuss, so I think we should spend five minutes on each Oh, and we need a volunteer to e Thank you Jack So, let’s f business Now the g is the minutes of the last meeting.’ 124 B Which words describe: a the document giving the order of things to discuss in meetings? b the record of what is discussed at the meetings? C Put the jumbled sentences in the right order to form useful expressions for meetings a b c d e f g h i start – I – make – think – should – a – we can – see – to – points – as – there – you – are – discuss – six down – business – let’s – to – get so – turn – item – right – to – two – let’s – now think – you – what – do? recap – we – to – shares – keep – agree – to – the anyone – anything – does – add – have – to? think – I – right – yes – you’re the – let’s – move – on – to – item – next D Which expressions are used to : a move the discussion to a new topic? b begin the meeting? c acknowledge opinions? d summarize? e ask for opinions? f draw attention to the agenda? E Correct these expressions a I am agree with Jack b From my opinion, it’s not worth it c I’m thinking you’re right d According to me, the company’s in trouble 125 Tapescript Unit DESCRIBING TRENDS 26 A: This graph shows the sales results for last year Can everybody see it OK? Good Perhaps you could run through the figures for us, Lester? B: Yes of course Er as you can see, we had a quiet start to the year Sales remained steady at 6,000 units in January and February C: When did the Spring sales campaign begin? B: In March You can see that sales increased slightly to 7,000 then and they went up by another 1,000 units in April to stand at 8,000 units C: Why did we have that trough in June? B: Ah, that was due to increased competition Our competitors launched a rival product in May and sales fell to 5,000 units They decreased by another thousand units in June But we increased our discounts to the wholesalers and sales rose steadily, back to 5,000 units in July and then 6,000 units in August The dramatic rise came in the next two months Sales increased from 10,000 units in September to 13,000 units in October A: Was that because of the Christmas orders? B: That’s right And sales went down by 6,000 units in November when the Christmas orders stopped They stayed 7,000 until the end of the year Er Are there any questions? C: Yes How these figures compare with the previous year’s? B: Very well I’ve got last year’s graph here Er You can see that there was a slight improvement in January and February 27 write know answer receipt listen high sign business half 10 scientist 11 chemist 12 psychiatrist 126 Unit COMPARING INFORMATION 36a A B A B A B A What are the figures like? Well …sales are about the same as last year The biggest sector of this market is ice-cream and we’ve sold less than last year That’s bad news Yes, but the more unusual flavours are doing well We’ve sold more premium brands but fewer standard What about multi-packs? How are they doing? They aren’t as popular as they were But look at the figures for yoghurt Hey, they’re good 36b A B A B A B How these figures compare with last year’s? People are eating less meat so sales are down there Do we know why? The market is getting smaller It’s part of the general trends towards healthier diets Are we selling more vegetables? Yes, but the fastest growing sector here is pizzas They are sixteen per cent up on last year 36c B A B A B This is another fast growth market but it’s more mature than pizzas We’re offering a much wider range and consumers are becoming more adventurous Almost half our sales are international recipes now; Italian, Chinese, Indian What about curries? Yes, spicy dishes like curries are doing well But the market’s becoming more competitive and the manufacturers have had to reduce their prices Are we getting lower margins on these products now? Yes, slightly 37 psychologist bureaucratic operator dangerous procedure redundancies creative personnel engineer satisfaction retailer unemployed environment advertising assistant occupation consumer economist 127 Unit MEETING PEOPLE 1a (Source: Business Objectives, p 181) A Mr Velázquez, May I introduce you to Peter Brien Peter, this is Mr Velázquez of Telefónica de Espa How you do? How you do? Peter works for our New York branch He’s responsible for international accounts B C A 1b A B A B A C A C A Ulla! Thomas! Welcome to Oxford It’s nice to see you again And you Do you know my colleague, Sven Olsen? Yes, I How are you, Sven? Fine thanks Thomas And you? Fine How was your trip? Not bad, thanks Good Let’s go upstairs and have some coffee 1c A B Good evening, Bob Good evening, Liz Do you know Luigi? Luigi, this is Liz, a friend of mine from work Hello A B A C A C A C Hello, pleased to meet you So are you an engineer too, Liz? That’s right What about you? I’m in the chemicals business Oh yes? A gin and tonic, Liz? Yes please, Bob 4.2 (Source: Business Basics, p 179) A B A B A B A B A Mr Kanemori, how you do? I’m Mark Gordon, Personnel Officer Welcome to ICL Thank you Did you have a good journey? Yes, thank you It was a long flight, but I slept for a few hours And are you happy with your hotel? Yes, it’s very comfortable and it’s in a good position I’m pleased to hear that Would you like a coffee before we start? No, thank you I had a cup of coffee just now So, is this your first visit to England? 128 B A B Yes, it is Well, I hope you have a nice stay Thank you very much I’m sure I’ll enjoy my visit here 5.3 (Source: Business Basics, p 180) A A Hello I don’t think we know each other B No, we don’t How you do? I’m Bruno Retter A Pleased to meet you My name’s Jim Fenton B So, what you do, Jim? A I work for Global Systems I’m a Sales Manager Do you know us? B Yes, I In fact, I think you did some work for us a few years ago You see, I work in Research and Development at Simons International A Ah, yes I remember the contract So, who you know here, Bruno? B Just the host, and one or two others A Well, listen, let me introduce you to a few people But I’ll get you another drink first What would you like? B Thanks Gin and tonic, please, with ice and lemon B Hello Bruno Retter, isn’t it? A Jim What a surprise to see you here! How are you? B No so bad How’s the job going at Simons? A We’re very busy We’re moving to new offices at the moment, because B our branch is expanding We’re recruiting twenty new people Well, I’m glad to hear that You’re doing very well then? A Yes, we are How about you? Are you still at Global Systems? B Yes, I am - for the moment A And how are things going? B Not very well, I’m afraid We’re losing a lot of orders - too much A competition from the big operators I’m sorry to hear that, Jim I hope things get better soon Anyway, is the B family OK? How are Heidi and the children? Well, Heidi’s still working at the hospital Joe’s studying for his exams at A university and Hannah’s still at school - she’s visiting France with her class at the moment They’re all fine That’s good news So, why are you here at Simons International? B I’m looking for a new job And I think Simons International wants to A offer me one B Oh! That’s …great, Jim 17a (Source: Business Objectives, p 185) A B Paolo! It’s great to see you again Do come in Shall I take your coat? Thanks 129 A B A B A B A B A B A B Have a seat Did you have any trouble finding the way? No Your directions were very good How long did it take? Only an hour Would you like some coffee? Yes please, I’d love some And how is Stephania? Oh, she’s fine She sends her regards, by the way Milk? No, black please Here you are Thanks Unit MEETING 17.1B (Source: Further Ahead, p 132) Man: OK, I’m drafting some proposals for greening the office and I’d like your opinion, Maria Have you got a minute? Woman: Yes, sure Go ahead Man: Right, here’s the first proposal We should write to our customers on recycled paper What are your views on that, Maria? Woman: Hmm I’m afraid I don’t think that’s a very good idea I mean, I don’t think our customers would like that at all Man: OK Next one, then What you think about using china cups instead of plastic ones for the drinks machine? Woman: Sorry, I’m afraid I don’t think that’s a very good idea either I mean, where are we going to wash them, we haven’t got a kitchen, we’d have to get one Man: True Well, try this one We should encourage the staff to cycle to work How you feel about that? Woman: Oh dear, I’m sorry to be so negative, but I’m afraid I don’t think that’s a very good idea either Even if people bring their work clothes to the office, there’s nowhere for them to shower or change And you can’t have people running around the office in jogging suits all day What would our visitors think? Man: Hmm OK Now, fourth proposal I suggest banning smoking on company premises What you think about that? Woman: Yeah, that’s more like it I agree with you on that It would actually be quite good for our image being in the health care business Man: Good, I’m glad you agree on something! Next one, er, we should start sorting the rubbish in the offices You know, have separate bins for paper, plastics and that sort of thing Woman: Yeah, that’s a good idea, too We could collect the paper for recycling, er, as long as we don’t have to write to customers on it afterwards! Man: OK Now, last one How you feel about using refillable pens instead of biros in the office, Maria? Woman: Yes, that’s a good idea I agree with you on that, too 130 17.1 C (Source: New International Business English, p 110) Paul Ah, good morning, Ms Ross, come in Pam Hello, Mr Fisher Nice to see you Paul Nice to see you – face-to-face instead of on the phone How are you? Pam Fine, thanks, very well Paul Oh, sit down Would you like some coffee? Pam Oh, yes, please – black Paul Mmm Here you are Pam Thanks Well, how’s it all going? Paul Oh, not too bad, we’re just about to open a branch in new Zealand Pam Oh, will you be going there on your travels? Paul Oh I’m hoping to – if I can justify it to the marketing director! How’s your little boy, has he started school yet? Pam Oh, yes, he’s in the second year now Paul What, already? Doesn’t time fly! Is he enjoying it? Pam Very much, it’s much more fun than being at home! Paul Haha Well, I suppose we’d better make a start Shall we get down to business? Pam Right First of all can I confirm the time and date of the presentation? It’s Saturday 24 October in the morning What time exactly? Paul Well, on the invitations we’ve sent out we’ve said that the presentation itself will start at 11 and go on till 12.30 Pam So you’ll need the room from about 10 till Would you like us to serve coffee beforehand? Paul Yes, yes – and drinks and snacks at the end Pam Better to have buffet lunch? Paul No People who are invited won’t be expecting a free lunch, they might think that’s overdoing it They’ll want to get back to their families, as it’s Saturday Pam All right, the normal pre-lunch snatch buffet will be what you need – that’s basically the same as what you had last February Paul Oh, that’ll be fine Pam OK, well, we’ll charge for the room, coffee and snack buffet at the standard rate less 15%, as we agreed And we’ll charge for the drinks served on a pro-rata basis Paul Fine, fine, yes Pam What type of urn equipment, furniture would you like? Paul Well, let’s have urn four no, no five tables for our display Er we’ll bring our own stands Pam Right Paul Now, there’s an overhead projector and sound system already in the room, I believe? Can you get someone to check that, you know before we come, so that it’s working? Pam Oh, of course, the technician will be with you when you’re setting everything up Paul Oh, well Pam Oh, the seats in that room have flap-over desk tops, will that be all right? Paul Yes, yes, that’s fine, sure 131 Pam You say you’ve sent out the invitations, any idea how many people there’ll be? Um I think you know there’s the capacity for the room is about 50, but 40 is ideal Paul Yes, ah the problem is that we won’t know exactly how many there’ll be until shortly before Pam Can you let me know definitely by the Thursday? Paul Mm no But I’ll have a rough idea and we’ll budget for the number I give you then We’ve sent out a hundred invitations Pam A hundred? Paul Yes, well, in theory that means that there could be two hundred people Pam Yes, but the room won’t Paul But of course haha I don’t expect more than about thirty to come Paul But what if they do? This is the only room we have that day – there’s a wedding reception in the banqueting rooms, so we Paul Well , in that case, I suppose we could 17.2 B (Source: Further Ahead, p 133) Chair: Right Let’s move on to the next point, er, that’s the packaging of Black Musk Would you like to start, James? James: Well, I think we should stick to plastic bottles It’s worked well with all our other products And the advantages outweigh the disadvantages I mean, plastic bottles are light, they’re easy to pack, they’re easy to transport And what’s really important, there’s no problem with breakages Chair: Olivia, what are your views? Olivia: I’m afraid I don’t agree with you, James This bath oil is going to be more expensive than others in our range and I think it’s important to go for a more upmarket image I think we should use glass Chair: Right, what you think, Max? Max: I agree Chair: Sorry, with who? Max: With Olivia What’s more, we ought to reconsider the whole question of recycling If we’re going to encourage customers to bring back their containers, glass will be easier to clean than plastic James: But you really think people will bring back their containers for refills? Chair: Laura? Laura: Can I just say something? Has anyone thought about the questions of suppliers? I mean, if we use glass, we’ll have to find a new supplier Our present supplier doesn’t glass as far as I know James: Good point So perhaps we should stick to plastic Chair: Well, perhaps someone could get some quotes? Laura: Yes, OK I can that Chair: Right So OK Now let’s move on to the next point 132 Glossary accountant a person who keeps or checks the financial records of a business accounts the lists of all the money that a business receives or pays achieve to gain something; to reach an objective or goal administration the control of a business or project advertisement information used to sell a product or service Abbreviations ad; advert - Also, to advertise; advertising agency a business that provides a particular service(a travel agency) agent a person or company that represents the interests of another company in a market annual happening or done once a year or every year ( an annual report) apply to ask for something in writing (apply for a job) - Also, an application (fill in an application form) appointment an arrangement to see someone at a particular time assistant a person who helps another (an assistant manager) association a group of people who work together; an organization banknote a piece of paper money bill a piece of paper that shows how much money you owe for goods and services board a group of directors who control a company (hold a board meeting) book to arrange to have or something at a particular time (I booked a single room.) - Also, a booking boutique a small shop that sells clothes, etc (a fashion boutique) branch an office, shop, etc that is part of a larger organization (We have branches in Paris, Milan, and New York.) brand the name of a product that a particular company makes (Nescafé is a famous brand of coffee.) briefcase a flat case for carrying papers in brochure a thin book with pictures of things you can buy or places where you can go on holiday (a travel brochure) budget an amount of money used for a particular purpose (an advertising budget) business buying and selling; work (He works in the travel business.) (Are you here on business?) a company (a family business) buy-out the buying of a company by its managers, directors, etc to stop another company from taking it over (a management buy-out) call to telephone someone (I’ll call you tomorrow.) - Also, a call campaign a plan to get a special result (launch an advertising campaign) capital a sum of money that you use to start a business or invest to make more money cash to change a cheque for coins and notes (Could I cash a traveller’s cheque, please?) chairman the head of a company a person who controls a meeting 133 check to look at something to see that it is right (Phone the company to check the details of the order.) checkout a desk where you pay a bill when you leave a hotel, a shop, etc Also to check out cheque a piece of paper from a bank that you sign and use to pay for things (Can I pay by cheque?) client a customer; a person or company that pays for a service component a part of a machine (computer components) conference a meeting, often held once a year, for people to discuss their work or interests (I’m attending a sales conference) contact to telephone, fax, or write to someone (Please contact me at the above address.) -Also, a contact (business contacts) deliver to take goods to a certain place Also, a delivery (We received delivery of the RK529 calculators this morning.) despatch to send destination the place where someone or something is going or being sent director a person who controls a company or part of it (the financial, managing, sales director.) discount an amount of money taken off the price of something (I’ll give you a 5% discount on your next order.) division a part of a company that deals with a certain product, service, or area (the publishing division, the training division) document an official paper (travel documents) EC Abbreviation of European Community EEC Abbreviation for European Economic Community effective producing the result you want (an effective form of advertising) enclosed put in an envelope with a letter (The contract is enclosed.) Abbreviation enc engagement an arrangement; an appointment estimate to calculate the cost, size, etc of something approximately evaluation deciding how good someone or something is (All staff have regular performance evaluations.) -Also, to evaluate executive a person who makes important decisions in a company expand to become bigger (We are expanding into Eastern Europe.) Also, expansion exports goods sent abroad - Also, to export facilities buildings, equipment, etc that make it possible to something (Ecospar has childcare facilities) first-class the best quality (travel firstclass) fixed-term for a limited time only (a fixed-term contract) franchise a business that has permission to make or sell named goods functional practical and useful rather than attractive (a functional design) goods things for sale (electronic goods) group a number of companies (the ICL Group) headquarters the main office of an organization (Abbreviation =HQ) income money that is earned from work, sales or investments incorporated of a registered company Abbreviation Inc inspection the act of looking at something closely to check that it is done correctly institute an organization, especially one involved in teaching and research 134 interest money charged for borrowing money invoice a list of goods sold with prices that is a demand for payment itinerary a plan for a journey or visit, showing places, dates, times and people to see launch to introduce a new product or company to the market loan a sum of money borrowed from a bank manpower the people you need to a particular job manual using your hands (manual workers) a book that tells you how something works (an instruction manual) market a geographical area, or section of the population, where you can sell products (We operate in six different target markets) marketing deciding how something can be sold most easily, eg what price it should be or how it should be advertised market share the percentage of the total sales of a product in a particular area obtained by one company Memo a note sent from one person to another within a company Formal = memorandum model a particular type of machine, car, etc made by a certain company notepad sheets of paper in a block that are used for writing notes offer to give or provide something (We offer a 5% discount.) - Also an offer (a job offer) officer a person with a position of authority or responsibility in an organization (a personnel officer, a police officer) operate to business (ICL operates in six different target markets) to work a machine - Also, an operator (a switchboard operator) option a choice, an alternative order a request for goods Also, to order outlet a place where goods can be sold (sales outlets) owe to be in debt own to possess, to have as your property pack to put things in boxes, containers, etc ready for sale package a parcel paperwork the written work that you in an office per each percentage a part of an amount, expressed in hundredths of that amount (What percentage of people work at home?) personal of or belonging to a particular person (personal savings) personnel employees, staff the part of a company that deals with recruitment and training portable that you can carry easily (a portable video) portfolio a list of investments that a particular investor has potential possible (potential clients) private sector the parts of a country’s economy that are owned by a person or company, not by the state public relations the work of distributing information to give a good impression of an organization public sector the part of a country’s economy that is owned by the state publicity advertising purchase to buy qualified having the right education and experience for a job (a qualified accountant) - Also, a qualification quantity a number or amount range a group of products sold by one company 135 rate the level of something (interest rates) or how fast something happens (a growth rate) Re (in a letter) short for ‘with reference to’ receipt a document that shows you have paid for something reception a meeting place in a hotel or company-Also, a receptionist a person who receives visitors to a hotel or company recession a fall in economic activities recruit to employ or take on new staff reduce to make something less or lower (reduce prices) -Also a reduction redundant without work, not needed Also, redundancies = job losses reference a statement or letter that describes a person’s character reorganization to organize something again so that it is more efficient (Following our reorganization, the group now consists of 29 autonomous companies.) repackage to change the way a product is presented for sale repay to pay back money that you have borrowed -Also, repayment representative a person who speaks for an organization, especially to promote and sell their products Abbreviation rep - Also, to represent reservation a booking (a hotel reservation) -Also, to reserve restructuring changing the way a company, etc is organized risk something that might cause a loss or damage samples small quantities of a product that show what the rest is like schedule to arrange for something to happen at a particular time (a scheduled flight) scheme a plan or system for doing or organizing something sector a part of the economy of the country (the private sector, the public sector) security something of value that can be claimed by a bank, etc if a loan is not repaid (He offered his life insurance as security) things you to protect people and places from attack (a security guard, a security pass) share a fraction or part of something (We have increased our market share by 5%.) a part of a company (The parent company owns 82% of the shares.) - Also, a shareholder a person who owns shares short-list a list of choices, for example candidates for a job, selected from a longer list slogan a short phrase that is easy to remember (advertising slogans) specialize to concentrate on one type of product or activity (we specialize in high-quality coffee) state-of-the-art the newest, the most modern (This computer is the stateof-the-art) statistics numbers which have been collected in order to provide information about something stock goods in storage waiting to be sold- Also, to stock store a large shop strategy a plan that you use in order to achieve something strike a time when people refuse to work, usually because they want more money or better working conditions stylish fashionable and attractive (a stylish design) subsidiary a company that is owned by another company supervisor a person who directs and checks the work of others 136 survey a study of something - Also a surveyor a person who examines a building or land to find out how much it’s worth (property surveyors) switchboard the place in an organization where all the telephone calls are connected (a switchboard operator) target a result that you want, a place or thing that you aim at (We operate in six target markets) technical relating to machines (a technical problem) technology the study and use of science for industry - Also, technological teleworking (Am Telecommuting) working at home and communicating with other people using computers Also, a teleworker temporary lasting a short time; not permanent (a temporary job) trial a test (drug trials) unauthorized without official permission (No admittance to unauthorized personnel) 137 References and Supplementary Readings Ashley, A (2003) Commercial Correspondence Oxford: Oxford University Press Hollett, V (1996) Business Objectives Oxford: Oxford University Press Grant, D & McLarty R (1995) Business Basics Oxford: Oxford University Press Jones, L & Alexander, R (2000) New International Business English Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Jones – Macziola, S (1998) Further Ahead Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Naunton, J (2000) Head for Business (Intermediate) Oxford: Oxford University Press Wallwork, A (1999) Business Options Oxford : Oxford University Press 138 ... 560 600 25 0 460 640 Aug £ 950 590 610 400 490 520 Sept £ 950 600 1500 320 28 0 500 Oct £ 950 1300 590 128 00 28 0 490 Nov £ 950 700 630 590 29 0 21 00 Dec £ 950 900 580 28 0 27 0 650 Work with a partner... 23 1JF Telephone +44(0 )20 85661861 Facsimile +44(0 )20 8566 1385 Email staff@comvis.co.uk www.comvis.co.uk References Your ref May 20 -Our ref DS/MR Date 11 May 20 -Ms B Kaansen Bredgate 51 DK 126 0... SE 23 1JF Telephone 44(0 )20 85661861 Facsimile +44(0 )20 8566 1385 Email staff@comvis.co.uk www.comvis.co.uk Your ref May 20 -Our ref DS/MR Date 21 September 20 — Ms B Kaansen Bredgate 51 DK 126 0