A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University

A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University A study on difficulties in Vietnamese English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University

ABSTRACT Interpreting is one of obligatory subject which was designed for students of English Department at Thuongmai University There are two sections of interpreting: English – Vietnamese interpreting and Vietnamese – English interpreting The interpreting course is is taught for the students of English falcuty from the second year For many students, the subject of practicing interpreting is a difficult task, especially the Vietnamese – English interpreting section This study was conducted to find out the difficulties which was encountered by English majored students at TMU in learning Vietnamese – English interpreting Due to the reason that this subject is only taught for second and third – year student, the research would focus the students have been studying for the 2nd and 3rd year The research methods used in this study are the questionnaire – a list of questions and the interview questions to find out the difficulties that students usually face in the learning process From the results collected, the researcher would give some recommendations and suggestions for both students and teachers of English Department at TMU in order to create a appropriate teaching – learning invironment which brings more effective lessons ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, I would like to express my deep gratitude to my supervisor, Mrs Nguyen Bich Hong for her guidance and encouragement during my completing the graduation paper With her insight of science as well her experience for many years are the biggest inspiration for me in completing my thesis This thesis could not be done successfully without her valuable advice and support Moreover, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the teachers of the English faculty, Thuongmai University for their dedication to imparting knowledge during the four years of study I also would like to sincerely thank Thuong Mai University, which provides an active learning environment, that help me obtain various knowledge and methods to study and research myself Thanks to that I can complete my graduation paper in the best way Besides, I owe sincere and earnest thankfulness to all the students who spent their time answering my questionnaire as well as interview questions to help me in my data collection Additionally, I would like to acknowledge my thanks to all the authors of the books, magazines, and the other materials listed in the reference part for their ideas that have been reflected and developed in the study Especially, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my parents and my family for nurturing and teaching me to be a good person as well as giving me good conditions to study and develop Once again, I would like to show my wholehearted gratitude to all people supporting me to finish my graduation paper Hanoi, April 11th , 2021 Student - Nguyen Thi Huyen TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS .v LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES vi CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY .1 1.1 Rationale .1 1.2 Previous studies .2 1.3 Aims of the study 1.4 Research Subjects 1.5 Scope of the study 1.6 Research methodology 1.7 Organization of the study CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Definition of Vietnamese – English interpreting 2.1.1 Concepts of interpreting .6 2.1.2 The definition of Vietnamese – English interpreting 2.2 The importance of Vietnamese – English interpreting 2.3 Modes of interpreting 2.3.1 Consecutive interpreting 2.3.2 Simultaneous interpreting 2.4 Interpreting process .10 2.5 Some helpful skills for interpreting .11 2.5.1 Hearing ability 11 2.5.2 Public speaking skills .11 2.5.3 Coversion skills 11 2.5.4 Memory skills 12 2.5.5 Note – taking skills 12 2.6 The factors influencing interpreting process .12 2.6.1 Influence of the mother tongue 12 2.6.2 Words and choices of word meanings: 13 2.6.3 Grammartical struture 14 2.6.5 Context 15 2.7 Common errors in Vietnamese – English interpreting 16 2.7.1 Wrong words order 16 2.7.2 Wrong choices of grammartical structure 16 2.7.3 Cultural error 17 2.7.4 Errors of interpretation quality 18 2.7.5 Wrong note – taking style 18 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH FINDINGS 20 3.1 Results collected from the questionnaire .20 3.1.1 The student’s attitude towards Vietnamese – English interpreting section .20 3.1.2 Difficulties in learning V – E interpreting of English majored students 22 3.1.3 The methods of students when studying V – E interpreting .24 3.1.4 The influence of teachers on learning V – E interpreting of the students 26 3.2 Results collected from the interview questions 27 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS 30 4.1 Suggestions for students .30 4.2 Suggestions for teachers .32 CONCLUSION 34 REFERENCES APPENDIX 1: QUESTIONARE APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEW QUESTION 4 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Number Abbreviation TMU SL TL V–E EU EVFTA Meaning Thuongmai University Source language Target Language Vietnamese – English Europe European Union–Vietnam Free Trade Agreement Free Trade Agreement World Trade Organization World Health Organization FTA WTO WHO LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES Number Table & Chart Image The process of interpreting Table 1: Student’s attitude towards Page Number 12 23 interpreting course at TMU Table Student’s attitude of V – E 24 interpreting section Pie chart The importance of V – E 24 interpreting Pie chart Frequency of difficulties of 25 practicing V – E interpreting Table 3: The difficultíe students have to 26 face during interpreting Vietnamese into English Pie chart External difficulties 27 influencing V – E interpreting learning Table The amount of time students 28 usually spend on studying V – E interpreting Table The ways students apply to 10 improve their V – E interpreting Pie chart The influence of the 29 11 teachers Table The ways teachers should 30 apply for teaching and learning V – E interpreting 28-29 CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY 1.1 Rationale In the context of globalization today, people may ask themselves a question: How am i able to integrate with all the people round the world if we cannot understand what we are saying? And English is that the right answer to the current question Through thousands of years of development, English has played a vital role within the integration of the whole world We cannot deny that English is one in every of the keys which motivated the event of both the economy and society of persons Although it's not the foremost used language within the world, it's the foremost versatile and popular language English is considered the official language of about 60 countries round the world English has been becoming the most popular means of communication among people We all know that people can’t live without communication, and English has been miraculously performing its bridging role In fact, there is no way to express our ideas, feelings, happiness, sadness without communication I can understand that the core principle of communication is using mutual language, so pondering the whole world's case, I am able to determine English should be the core of world communication It's dominating all areas of human social life from economy, politics, entertainment, culture, and arts… Nowadays, the majority kinds of documents, business contracts, or international conventions are written in English At international meetings or conferences, English is nearly used as a standard language Many companies and corporations, whether large or small within the world, believe that English proficiency could be a necessary condition in recruiting personnel For the entire world to be integrated into a typical environment, we must understand what others want to say and English is that invisible link And the foundation of that bond is translation and interpretation Translation and interpreting indeed play an irreplaceable role within the process of exchanging information among countries It's considered an efficient means to find out a way to embrace different cultures, communities, and other things from any country or territory within the world Through translation and interpretation, citizens of every country can understand each other's cultures and move towards mutual integration within the global multicultural community However, with a language as complex and in-depth as Vietnamese, VietnameseEnglish translation and interpretation still has many great challenges Translating and interpreting are not simply the substitution of words from one language to a different, they are the intersection of two different cultures Therefore, not all learners can avoid making mistakes Perhaps, due to the difference in culture, mother tongue, or awareness , Vietnam's English faculty students normally and English students at Thuongmai University particularly still make lots of errors within the process of interpreting documents and bulletins or speech messages from Vietnamese into English In fact, there are quite many students making studies on difficulties or mistakes within the practice of translation, but the topic of interpreting practice has not yet been carefully explored As an English major at Thuongmai University, I see the importance of the practice of translating and look forward to studying it further For those reasons, I have got decided to choose the study “A study on difficulties in Vietnamese - English interpreting encountered by English major students at Thuongmai University” I hope this study will contribute to clarify the difficulties of learning interpreting practice Additionally, it will help to find out solutions to assist students of English people department at Thuong Mai University improve their learning and practice efficiency, contributing to improving their English speaking skills to support their future work 1.2 Previous studies Globalization has become the most popular trend, and Vietnam is not out of this concept Global integration means citizens of other countries must have good English proficiency, however, Vietnamese still face various difficulties to meet these needs I found that almost all Vietnamese students studying English can translate and interpret well content from English to Vietnamese, but from English to Vietnamese, it is quite weak Besides, many students are majoring in the English language or majoring in translation and interpretation researched topics in translation - interpreting practice However, for the subject of practice interpreting, the number of studies is still quite small With a particular issue of difficulties in translating practice, I have collected an interesting and practical research paper Thus, I would like to depend on this study as reference materials for my graduation paper The study was conducted by Ms Nguyen Thi Bich Hang – a student of the Foreign Language faculty at Danang Architecture University in 2019 Her title study is: “Difficulties in interpreting English for foreign teachers in children's English classes at English for Success center.” The purpose of the study is to find out the difficulties when interpreting for foreign teachers in communication English classes at the English for Success Center Since then, proposing solutions to overcome those difficulties to make their translation work better as well as advising students who have been and are about to perform this interpretation work The above research topic has mentioned quite clearly the problems and obstacles when practicing interpreting from English to Vietnamese and vice versa However, the downside here is that the topic is presented entirely in Vietnamese that made the topic lose its professionalism because it is a topic related to foreign language academic translation and interpretation action Besides, the topic was researched by the qualitative method and the subjects were the teaching assistant of the center, so the conclusion of the study is of a small group of subjects The strength of the topic is the practicality of the survey and finding out what the specific difficulties are due to the working environment in direct contact with foreigners The study's conclusions have shown the following difficulties: - The first is that listening and understanding skills are not good, so the interpreting process is hesitant, leading to poor quality of the lessons - The second is poor speaking skills and incorrect pronunciation leading to misunderstandings between foreign couchers, and students - The third is that the lack of English vocabulary makes the interpretation quality not good - Sometimes foreign couchers use slang words that make their teaching assistants confused and unable to accurately translate the content This is the fourth difficulty related to cultural factors - The last is a lack of confidence in speaking or giving public presentations This is also one of the difficulties that students often encounter From the above research results, some suggestions and solutions have been given to improve the quality of interpreting of the individual researcher as well as other teaching assistants I highly appreciate the research direction of the topic as well as its results and conclusions This topic will help me complete my graduation thesis and clarify other issues about Vietnamese - English interpreting Since then, the results of this study will be really useful for me as well as for the students of the English department of Thuongmai University 1.3 Aims of the study This thesis is intended to find out the difficulties faced by students of the English department in the course of studying interpreting practice The study also aims to know students' expectations in learning the subject, thereby proposing solutions that can overcome their problems and satisfy their expectations to enhance and adjust both ways of learning - teaching styles and methods 1.4 Research Subjects Subject: English majored students’difficulties in learning interpreting practices at Thuongmai University and finding out some solutions to improve the efficiency of leaning this subject 1.5 Scope of the study For students of the Business English Faculty, the practice of translating is an obligatory subject of the course This is also one of the most difficult subjects for students Starting from the second year, students will be exposed to translation theory and in the 3rd and 4th years students will learn more deeply into translation and interpreting Therefore, this study will focus on 3rd and 4th-year students of the English department at Thuongmai University 1.6 Research methodology One of the decisive factors to the success of the research is that the research methodology Today, many resources such as books, newspapers, and especially the recognize which tense should be used in a particular context In some high context using the wrong tense in an interpretation can make the meaning of the new version different from the old one, even cause a serious misunderstanding Briefly, using the appropriate structure and precise tense to transfer the meaning is also a challenge for students in learning translation Besides the two main difficulties mentioned by the students, there is another difficulty that is time One student said that her biggest worry when interpreting is time because she is afraid of others waiting for her interpretation for a long time because she does not have enough time to prepare The limited-time in interpreting also puts huge pressure on students Many students say that they only have enough time to look over the original text once or they just hear once and make some minor adjustments before starting the interpreting process Especially, when taking the examination, time pressure seems to be bigger Students often feel scared that they not have enough time to take notes and miss much of the information they receive It is necessary for students to control and distribute their time reasonably to have a good interpretation and avoid making unfortunate errors Sometimes, lack of concentration while interpreting also leads them to transfer the message inappropriately Thanks to the questionnaires and interview questions, the researcher had collected lots of useful information about the difficulties, and the expectations of students in learning Vietnamese English interpreting With the helpful results above, the researcher continues to complete the purpose of our research by giving some suggestions to the teachers and the students to help both teachers and students make a progress in teaching and studying 29 30 CHAPTER 4: RECOMMENDATION AND SUGGESTIONS In the previous chapter, basing on the research’s results from online questionare as well as interview questions, the researcher recorgnize the difficulties in learning V – E interpreting Therefore, in this part, I would like to mention some possible suggestions that I think it will be helpful for students to overcome these existing difficulties as well as some suggestions for teachers to have more effectively teaching methods for this subject 4.1 Suggestions for students Based on the research results summarized in Table 3, we can see that the main difficulties in learning Vietnamese English interpreting The above difficulties are related to the knowledge and skills that students need to cultivate during the course, so students need to actively find the right learning method to improve their Vietnamese English interpreting skills Firstly, it is obvious that sufficient grammar and vocabulary enable students to feel more confident in using English words and structures, succeed in expressing their idea We can deny that reading is the best effective way to enlarge vocabulary When the students read, they can see a lot of words being used in a certain context and that is what makes it much more effective than memorizing the word lists It is probable if the students are not able to infer the meaning of the words during their reading process because there are so many unknown words arising from the text In that case, the students can try reading easier materials to form a good habit of reading And then, they are familiar with this habit, they should raise their level up by reading more difficult ones in a variety of topics but make sure that the text is appropriate for their own reading level The learners can easily forget the meaning of words that they don't use frequently, so students should try to use their newly learned words in as many ways as possible With V - E interpreting, students should practice new words by thinking a sentence in Vietnamese and interpreting them into English with the usage of these new words, and they should try to practice more frequently with friends or any others English students they know In addition, students can refer to the translation 31 source through the official information pages in English and Vietnamese to improve vocabulary Secondly, about improving grammar structures, students should be more active in learning and practicing using different structures while interpreting Due to a large number of English structures, students always need to learn and practice in order to use them fluently for interpreting In addition to taking note of the structures used by the teacher to translate in class, students should actively learn through books about grammar and exercises applying them There are a number of websites, which offer exercises on a wide range of topics Some common and useful web pages to learn English grammar are http://webster.commnet.edu and http://www.tienganhonline.net/grammar.htm, which provide profitable grammar exercises with available answer key to help learners be familiar with grammar structure forms In addition, the students should look for a reliable grammar book that offers the answer keys and clear explanations for each grammar point The best sale “Oxford Practice Grammar with Answers” (Norman Coe, Mark Harrison, Ken Paterson) and the series book consists of Grammar Practice for Elementary Students, for Pre-intermediate Students, for Intermediate Students, and Grammar Practice for Upper Intermediate Students (Elaine Walker, Steve Elsworth) can be considered as helpful tools for those who want to improve their grammar quickly and effectively Thirdly, in order to perform well in Vietnamese English interpreting, students should try to learn encyclopedic knowledge related to all topics To really improve students, there is no other way but to read and learn by themselves Instead of waiting for the lessons and asking the teacher, students should regularly read newspapers and watch Vietnamese news through newspapers and magazines, online newspapers, and television The key to solving this difficulty is student self-study Next, students must know how to create their own suitable note – taking style The right note-taking is one of the keys to creating an excellent paraphrase, so students should practice taking more notes at home They can listen to short Vietnamese tapes at home and learn how to transcribe enough information in the shortest amount of time Since taking notes in Vietnamese is easier than in English, students tend to write too many words However, this method is wrong, students should make their own 32 board of Vietnamese signs and abbreviations so they can take notes quickly and enough Besides, students should practice English pronunciation more frequently There are many different ways to practice and improve pronunciation day by day Students can choose one of the following ways to practice such as using English dictionaries, listening to pronunciation through videos, talking with native speakers as much as possible, or practicing pronunciation through learning English applications, etc Last but not least, it is obvious that student should control their feelings to perform the best interpretation students should practice interpreting more at home or in the class To be confident when interpreting, they can stand in front of the mirror and talk loudly about their translation or they can stand among friends and interpret any contents they receive from others There is no faster way to overcome this challenge than more practicing In conclusion, if the students want to improve their V – E interpreting skills, they should self-study and practice more and more 4.2 Suggestions for teachers According to the chart in the chapter 3, nearly 99% of the students say that teachers have an impact on their learning V – E interpreting Therefore, in this part researcher would like to give some suggestions for teachers of English department to produce more effective interpreting lessons The first is about the time of interpreting lessons According to the survey results, many students think that teachers should increase their time to learn Vietnamese English interpreting Therefore, the surveyor hopes that the English department, as well as the teachers, will consider increasing the amount of time to learn Vietnamese English interpreting in class so that students will have more opportunities to practice The second is about the teaching methods.Teachers should find out the appropriate teaching methods to attract students’ attention and create students’ study motivation It is obvious if students have the motivation and positive attitudes towards Vietnamese-English interpreting, they will get more eager to learn In each interpreting lesson, teachers should give more advice on V - E interpreting and explain the vocabulary, grammar, and knowledge contained in the 33 interpretation, and instruct students on how to deal with V - E interpreting errors Besides, teachers can provide some other sources for students besides the books used in teaching to help students have more sources to consult and encourage them selfstudy In addition, teachers should build a funny, positive and effective environment as well as create a free atmosphere to help students study under no pressure and have chances to ask or state their opinions freely about some wondered things Teachers should let students practice more V - E interpreting in groups These activities would help students be more confident when attending any interpreting lesson Besides, the above suggestions, teaching materials are also estimated as an important part of every subject Teachers should give students many enjoyable and attractive topics with the aim of helping them practice and learn some things from them The content of topics can be inserted in each interpreting passage in the lessons However, teachers should notice students' ability before choosing a passage to interpret The level of difficulty should be raised gradually from the beginning to the end of the course Certainly, students will be interested in every interpreting passage and no one can be bored or feel difficult when they can study with such appropriate and attractive materials like this The above part is some suggestions originated from the students' expectations in learning The researcher, who used to experience interpreting courses, would like to contribute some more suggestions with the hope to improve the quality of learning and training at Thuongmai university The teachers’ role here is also indispensable, therefore, the researcher hopes that they would perfect their teaching day by day to help students have the best quality lessons In brief, the chapter is about the researcher's suggestions on how to improve students' knowledge and skills to limit the students‟ difficulties in studying V - E interpreting In addition, basing on the students' basic needs, the researchers also put forward ideas to improve the teaching method as well as teachers' way of training with the hope that the teacher can sympathize and listen to students' expectations then find out suitable solutions in adjusting teaching methods 34 CONCLUSION We cannot deny the importance of translation and interpreting courses for any English majored student In order to perfect the English skills, students should spend more and more time practicing translation and interpreting However, during learning interpreting, students often encounter many difficulties and challenges from both internal and external Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify some common difficulties in learning Vietnamese-English interpreting and from that give some suggestions for teaching and learning Vietnamese-English interpreting in order to help students overcome these difficulties and improve their interpreting skills This research is divided into four main chapters The first chapter is Overview of the study This chapter is a short description of the study that provides general information about the study It includes seven parts: rationale, previous studies, aims of the study, research subjects, and scope of the study, research methodology and organization of the study It helps us have a plain overview of translation skills The second chapter is Literature review, it is divided into seven parts This chapter provides the basic science and knowledgement related to interpretation The chapter includes definitions, concepts, the importance of interpreting, modes of interpreting, the process of interpreting, skills, and common errors when interpreting from Vietnamese into English The third chapter is Research findings This chapter provides data analysis, results and discussion The last one is called “Recommendations and suggestion” In this chapter, some suggestions were given to help teachers and students have effective methods in teaching and learning to improve the quality of Vietnamese-English interpreting skills Nevertheless, this is the first time I have had a chance to a research myself, the study had some its own limitations Shortcomings and mistakes were unavoidable so the researcher wishes to receive positive comments and contributing ideas from others The researcher strong hopes that in the study’s scope, the research is able to contribute its value to help English-majored students in particular and readers who are 35 interested in Vietnamese-English interpreting, in general, find out the most appropriate learning methods to enhance their own Vietnamese-English interpreting skills 36 REFERENCES Nguyen Thi Bich Hang, “Difficulties in interpreting English for foreign teachers in children's English classes at English for Success center.” Bui Tien Bao, Dang Xuan Thu and Interpreting -Translation Section (1997), Translation and Interpreting Theory, Hanoi University of Foreign Studies Smith, Len et all (1990), Working With Interpreters in Law, Health & Social Work Freeman Tilden (1957), Interpreting Our Heritage, The University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill Veverka, John A (1994), Interpretive Master Planning Acorn Naturalists, Tustin, CA Veverka, John A (1998), Planning truly "Interpretive" Panels In Interpretation – the Journal for the Society of the Interpretation of Britain’s Heritage Sam H Ham Ph.D (2013), Interpretation: Making a Difference on Purpose Jeremy Munday (2009), The Routledge Companion to Translation Studies Ernst von Glasersfeld (1983), On the concept of interpretation 10.https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/interpreting 11.https://interpretationcanada.ca/about 12.https://www.itcglobaltranslations.com/blog/the-importance-of-interpreting/ 13.https://www.unitedlanguagegroup.com/blog/5-qualities-every-interpreter- should-have APPENDIX 1: QUESTIONARE Question 1: How you feel about the interpreting subject at Thuong Mai University? A Difficult but interesting B Difficult and boring C Easy and interesting D Easy and boring Question 2: How you feel when interpreting from English to Vietnamese? A Easy B Normal C Difficult D Very difficult Question 3: Do you think that learning Vietnamese - English interpreting is important for your future work? A Yes B No Question 4: How much time you often spend practicing interpreting from Vietnamese into English per day? A Less than hour B - hours C - hours D More than hours Question 5: Do you often have difficulties interpreting from Vietnamese to English? A Never B Sometimes C Usually D Always Question 6: What common errors you often make when interpreting from Vietnamese into English? A Wrong usage of vocabulary B Wrong usage of grammar structure C Wrong usage of context of the speech D Wrongly interpret E ed information F Missing or information while interpreting G Unnatural interpretation H Taking too many notes leads to lack of time to interpret Question 7: Difficulties from external affecting learning interpreting from Vietnamese into English at TMU? A The classroom is not soundproof enough B Bad radio sound transmission C Learning time of Vietnamese English interpreting in the class is too short D Influence of dialect pronunciation Question 8: What you usually to improve your Vietnamese - English interpreting skills? A Improve vocabulary and grammar B Practice translating more through news channels C Practice English pronunciation D Practice note - taking regularly to create a suitable style for yourself E Update knowledge related to fields through books, newspapers, internet F Others Question 9: In your opinion, the teachers influence your learning of V - E interpreting? A Not affect B Affect a little bit C Affect normally D Affect completely Question 10: What you think teachers need to to improve the quality of teaching and learning interpreting? A Instruct students on how to deal with V - E interpreting errors B Explain the vocabulary, grammar and knowledge contained in the interpretation to the students C Assign more interpreting homework D Let students practice V - E interpreting in groups E Others APPENDIX 2: INTERVIEW QUESTION Questions for interviewee: Question 1: Do you often face difficulties when learning Vietnamese – English interpreting? Question 2: What are the difficulties you encounterd when learning Vietnamese – English interpreting section? Question 3: What you often to improve you interpreting skills? Question 4: What you think teachers should to improve the quality of teaching and learning interpreting? ... be integrated into a typical environment, we must understand what others want to say and English is that invisible link And the foundation of that bond is translation and interpretation Translation... by firsthand experience, and by illustrative media, rather than simply to communicate factual information.” Another concept of interpreting given by Interpretation Canada – the Canada's national... to Vietnamese, it is quite weak Besides, many students are majoring in the English language or majoring in translation and interpretation researched topics in translation - interpreting practice