File này cung cấp đầy đủ những kiến thức từ cơ bản đến nâng cao phần ngữ pháp câu trực tiếp chuyển sang gián tiếp 1 trong số những phần ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh trọng tâm. Người học còn được cung cấp hệ thống bài tập trắc nghiệm và tự luận phù hợp với từng mức độ.
CHỦ ĐỀ 4: CÂU TRỰC TIẾP, CÂU GIÁN TIẾP I Quy tắc chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp: Câu trực tiếp (direct speech) Câu gián tiếp ( reported speech) can may must will Hiện đơn could might Had to/ must would Quá khứ đơn Ex: He said: “I am happy” Hiện tiếp diễn He said that he was happy Quá khứ tiếp diễn Ex: He said: “I’m looking for my keys” Quá khứ đơn He said that he was looking for his keys Quá khứ hoàn thành Ex: He said: “I visited VN last year” He said that he had visited VN the year Quá khứ hoàn thành before/ the previous year Quá khứ hoàn thành Ex: He said: “They had finished the work He said they had finished the work when he when I arrived” Hiện hoàn thành had arrived Quá khứ hoàn thành Ex: He said: “I have lived here for a long He said he had lived there for a long time time” Quá khứ tiếp diễn Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn (had + been +V- Ex: He said: “I was playing football” ing) Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn He said he had been playing football Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Ex: He said: “I have been playing football for He said he had been playing footballs for 2 hours” Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn hours” Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn Ex: He said: “I had been reading newspaper He said he had been reading newspaper when my light went off” Tương lai đơn “will+V” when his light had gone off/ went off” Would +v Ex: He said: “I will open the door” He said he would open the door * Thay đổi trạng từ thời gian, nơi chốn: Câu trực tiếp today now yesterday … Ago Câu gián tiếp Trạng ngữ thời gian That day Then The day before/ the previous day … before days ago Last week/year/month… Next year/week/month… days before The week/… before, the previous week/… The following year/week/…; the next Tomorrow Here this these year/month/week The next day/ the following day There that those Ex: “I’ll it tomorrow,” she said she said she would it the next day II Các trường hợp khơng lùi động từ Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả hành động lặp lặp lại theo thói quen diễn tả chân lý My teacher said: “ The Sun rises in the east” My teacher said The Sun rises in the East She said: “I always play tennis times a week” She said she always play tennis times a week Câu trực tiếp dạng câu điều kiện loại loại khơng lùi Ex: She said to me: “ If I had enough money, I’d buy a new bicycle” She said to me that if she had enough money, she’d buy a new bicycle Câu trực tiếp sử dụng mệnh đề “wish” mệnh đề sau “wish” k lùi Ex: He said: “I wish I had a lot of money” He said he wished he had a lot of money Mệnh đề sau would rather/ would sooner khơng lùi Câu trực tiếp chứa mệnh đề có “could, should, might, ought to, used to, had to, ” Ex: Tom said: “I could drive the car yesterday” Tom said he could drive the car the day before Động từ mệnh đề dẫn Ex: “I met her yesterday” Tom says Tom says he met her the day before III Câu hỏi lời nói gián tiếp: Các động từ tường thuât: ask, want to know, wonder (băn khoăn), … Đổi trật từ từ dạng câu hỏi câu tường thuật Ex: He asked me “ Are you a student?” Don’t say: He asked me if/whether were I a student He asked me if I were a student Lưu ý: * yes/no question S + asked….+ (o) + if/whether + clause * WH -Question S + asked… + (O)+ wh +clause Ex: “When will you be ready” Tom asked me Tom asked me when I would be ready Ex: “When did you finish your work last night?” He asked me He asked me when I finished my work the previous night/ the night before Câu trả lời yes/no Ex: Daniel said: “ Is there a café nearby” and Tom said: “no” Daniel asked if there was a café nearby and Tom said there wasn’t He asked: “can you swim?” and I said: “yes” He asked if I could swim and I said I could IV CÂU CẢM THÁN - câu cảm thán: “what a/an….” Hoặc “how …!” chuyển gián tiếp: exclaim/say that “What a lovely dress!” she said She exclaim that it/the dress was lovely “how quickly he runs” She said She said/ exclaim that he ran quickly Note: What + (a/an) + adj + N! Ex: What a beautiful girl! How + adj/adv + S + tobe! Ex: How good the weather is! * Cấu trúc: Thank sbd for V-ing “ It’s so kind of you to gift me a present tonight!” Tom said Tom thanked me for gifting me a present that night Congratulate sbd on V-ing Ex: “ Congratulation! You won the scholarship” Tom said Tom congratulated me on winning the scholarship “Happy birthday to you” Nguyen said to me Nguyen wished me a happy birthday V CÂU YÊU CẦU, ĐỀ NGHỊ, LỜI KHUYÊN, … TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp “Can/could/will/would you… Please?” “Would/Do you mind + V-ing?” Câu mệnh lệnh (chỉ có dộng từ) Ask/tell + sb + (not) + to V Ex: “Would you mind helping me?” Nguyen said Nguyen asked me to help “Stay in bed for a few day” Doctor said to me Doctor told me to stay in bed for a few day “Please don’t tell anybody what happened” He said to me He asked/told me not to tell anybody what happened “Please don’t take any ricks” He said his wife He aked/told his wife not to take any ricks Câu đề nghị Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp “Shall I/we…?” “Can I…” “I will …” S + offer + (sb)+ to V Ex: They said: “We will pay for the meal” They offered to pay for the meal “Can I use your phone to call my mom?” Lan said Lan offered to use my phone to call her mom Lời khuyên: Câu trực tiếp “If I were you …” “ S + should/had better/ ought to” Câu gián tiếp Advise (khuyên) on V-ing Advise sb (not) to V Encourage (khuyến khích) sb (not) to V Ex: “ You should take a taxi, Mary” Tom said Tom advised Mary to take a taxi Tom said: “Go on, apply (ứng tuyển) for a job” Tom encouraged me to apply for a job “ If I were you, I would visit HCM city” Nguyen said to me Nguyen advised me to visit HCM city Lời hứa (promise) Trực tiếp “I will ….” Ex: “ I will write to you” John said to me Gián tiếp S + Promise + to V John promised to write to me Lời mời Trực tiếp Gián tiếp “Would you like….” “ …., please?” S + invite + sb + to V Ex: “ Would you like to go out for lunch?” She said to me She invited me to go out for lunch Câu nhắc nhở: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp Don’t forget… Remember to … Never forget to… S + remind + sb + to V * Note: Forget/ Remember + to V: Quên/ Nhớ phải làm Forget/ Remember + Ving: Quên/Nhớ làm Ex: “Don’t forget to buy vegestable” she said to her husband She reminded her husband to buy vegestable Động từ với to V Offer (đề nghị) Agree (đồng ý) – Disagree Demand (đòi hỏi) Promise Threaten (đe đọa) Guarantee (cam đoan) Propose (đề nghị) Volunteer (tình nguyện) Swear (thề) – qk: swore Động từ + O + to V Danh động từ (gerund ) Động từ + V-ing Advise (khuyên) Ask (yêu cầu) Command (ra lệnh) Encourage (khuyến khích) Expect (mong chờ) Forbid (cấm) Invite Order Remind Want Persuade (thuyết phục) Urge (thúc đẩy) Request (yêu cầu, thỉnh cầu) Admit (thừa nhận) Advise Apologize for (xin lỗi) Insist on (khăng khăng) Recommand (đề xuất) Suggest (đề xuất) Ex: “you should read a number of books before the exam” Jack said Jack advised me to read a number of books before the exam TỔNG KẾT DẠNG CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG GIÁN TIẾP A Statements (Câu trần thuật) S + said/told + sb + that + S +V Ex: She said “I have never been to Paris” She said that she had never been to Paris S + asked/wondered/wanted to know +(sb) if/whether + S +V B Yes – No Question (Câu hỏi có – khơng) C Wh – questions (Câu hỏi có từ để hỏi) Ex: “Are you ready?” he said to me He asked me if/whether I was ready S + asked/ wondered/wanted to know + Sb+ wh….+ S + V Ex: “when did you finish work last night?” he asked He asked me when I finished work the night before “ Could you please give me a pocket (túi) next to you?” the guy said (asked) The guy asked me to give him a pocket next to me “Would you mind opening the doors for me?” The girl said (ordered) The girl ordered me to open the doors for her “Don’t worry if you miss the bus” Kent said (told) Kent told me not to worry if I missed the bus “If I were you, I wouldn’t lend John any money.” My friend said to me (advised) My friend advised me not to lend John any money BÀI TẬP: Ex 1: “ It’s better not to neglect the deadline” the teacher said (warned) “Never make such silly mistakes again” my mother said (told) “We will drive you home tomorrow” Janes’s parents said to me (offered) “You’d better apply for that scholarship as you are qualified enough” Mr Jon said to his students (encouraged) “Let me the laundry for you” my sister said to me (insisted) “We will finish all practice questions you gave us last week by tonight” the stdents said to their teacher (promised) “I will never let you down again” The daughter said to her mom (promised) “Would you like to go out with me next Sunday?” my boyfriens said (invited) “Some cakes?” the host said to his guests (invited) 10 “Never forget to buy some foods for dinner” the woman said to her husband (remined) 11 “Remember to the laundry before you leave” Kenny said to me (reminded) 12 “I will report you to the boss if you miss your deadline once more” my leader said (threatened) Ex 2: Jack asked me _ A.where you come from? B.where I came from C.where I came from D.where did I come from? She asked me _ I liked pop music A.when B.what C.if D.x The doctor him to take more exercise A.told B.tell C have told D are telling I wanted to know _ return home A.when would she B when will she C when she will D when she would Claire told me that her father a race horse A.owns B.owned C owning D A and B What did that man say ? A at you B for you C to you D you I rang my friend in Australia yesterday, and she said it _ raining there A is B were C has been D was The builders have that everything will be ready on time A promised B promise C promises D promising The doctor _ him to take more exercise A told B tell C have told D are telling 10 The last time I saw Linda, she looked very relaxed She explained she’d been on holiday the week A ago B following C next D previous 11 Yesterday, Laura him to put some shelves up A asked B is asking C ask D was asked 12 Tom has this story wasn’t completely true A admitting that B was admitted thatC admitted that D admit that 13 When I rang Tessa some time last week, she said she was busy that day A that B the C then D this 14 I wonder _ the tickets are on sale yet A what B when C where D whether 15 Mathew _ Emma that her train was about to leave 11 “Don’t forget to take the holiday,” Mark said to me Mark reminded me 12 “You should take a holiday,” Jane said to David Jane advised 13 “ You really must take a holiday, Linda,” Jim said Jim told 14 “Don’t touch that switch, Peter,” I said I warned 15 “Read this document before you sign it,” he said to her He advised 16 “Will you help me, please?” she said to me She asked 17 “Please as I say,” he said to me He begged 18 “Don’t forget to prune the roses,” my aunt said to Alfred My aunt reminded 19 “Would you like me to help you with the cooking, Tom?” Laura said Laura offered 20 “If you don’t pay the ransom, we’ll kill your son,” the kidnappers said to them The kidnappers threatened 21 “Would you like to go camping with us next weekend?” Andrew said to Cindy Andrew invited 22 “Don’t forget to join in the contest tomorrow morning, Robin,” Jessica said Jessica reminded 23 “Would you like me to clean the room for you, Alvin?” she said She offered 24 “If I were you, I would join the voluntary team tomorrow, Tom,” said Eve Eve advised 25 “Flora, can you remember to buy some bread?” said Raymond Raymond reminded 26 “ I really think you should see a doctor, Lucia, ” said Thomas Thomas advised 27 “No, I’m sorry, I won’t work on Saturday,” said Victoria Victoria refused 28 “ If you like, I’ll help you the decorating, Carol,” said Charles Charles offered 29 “Carol, speaking English,” he said 30 “Fill in the form, sir” the receptionist said to the guest The receptionist asked 31 “Mind your own business,” Ethel told me Ethel told 32 “Don’t repair the computer yourself,” she said to him She warned 33 “Don’t give yourself up” he told his girlfriend 34 “Don’t go out without me,” Harry told Sally Harry begged 35 “Don’t forget to post the letter for me when you go out,” my wife said to me My wife reminded 36 “Could you possibly speak more slowly, please?” the student said to the teacher The student asked 37 “Guard, take him to the prison,” said the king The king ordered 38 “Can you trans late this sentence into English for me?” Maria said to Mark Maria asked 39 “Don’t forget to send your uncle a birthday card tomorrow,” Mary said to her son Mary reminded 40 “Please come to our wedding,” John said to his boss John invited 41 “Don’t run around the edge of the swimming pool or you’ll fall in,” Susan said to her children Susan warned 42 “I won’t go to bed,” Ron said Ron refused 43 “You should talk to your advisor,” Bill said to Linda Bill advised 44 “Take that chewing gum out of your mouth immediately!” the teacher said to Tom The teacher ordered 45 “ I will bring the sandwiches to the party,” said Helen Helen offered 52 “Come to the cinema with me tonight,” he said to her He invited 53 The teacher said to us , “Do all your homework before you go to class” The teacher told 54 Mary said to Tom, “Send me a postcard when you come to Paris, please” Mary asked 55 He said to me, “Don’t believe everything you hear” He advised 56 James said to her boyfriend, “Come with me tonight I’m feeling very lonely” James begged 57 “Follow this car,” the detective said to the taxi-driver The detective ordered 58 “Go on, send your short story to magazine,” Adam said to Alice Adam encouraged 59 The teacher said to Jim, “Would you give your book to Mary, please?” The teacher asked 60 “Ok I will not change the date of the meeting,” Mary said Mary promised Exercise Rewrite the following sentences in reported speech with Gerund “Why don’t we organize an English competition for our student?” said Ms Lien Ms Lien suggested “I’m sorry I’m late,’ said Mr Thanh Mr Thanh apologized “Me? No, I didn’t take Sue’s calculator,” Said Bob Bob denied “You took my pencil,” said David to Henry David accused “I must see the manager,” he cried He insisted “ You won the scholarship Congratulation!” Mary told me Mary congratulated “It was kind of you to help me with my homework,” Lan said to Hoa Lan thanked “Turn off the computer You are not allowed to play game now,” Dick’s mother said to him Dick’s mother prevented “I’m sorry that I broke the glass,” said Peter Peter apologized 10 “Let’s invite Mr Brown to the party next weekend,” he said He suggested 11 “You stole the jewels,” the inspector said to him The inspector accused 12 “I only borrowed your car for some hours,” the man said The man admitted 13 “I’m sorry I damaged your tape recorder, Mike,” said Bob Bob apologized 15 “It’s nice of you to invite me to lunch,” Bob said to John Bob thanked 16 Carol said, “What about going to the cinema this weekend, Max ?” Carol suggested 17 “I’m sorry I forgot your birthday,” Dave said Julia Dave apologized 18 “Why didn’t you tell me the truth?” he said to me He accused 19 “Don’t go near that deserted house,” Tony said to Monica Tony warned 20 “I’m sorry I broke the vase,” my son said My son admitted 21 “You cheated in the exam,” the teacher said to Jack The teacher accused 22 “You have just got a promotion, haven’t you? Congratulation!” Peter said to her friend Peter congratulated 24 “You mustn’t get into this area,” the policeman said to them The policeman stopped 25 “I know I’m wrong,” he said He admitted 26 “I didn’t say that last night,” Joan said Joan denied 27 “If only I had told him the true!” Jane said Jane regrets 28 “I haven’t finished the assignment yet I’m really sorry” The boy apologized 29 “It’s you who took my bag,” the man said to the boy The man accused 30 “No, no I really must sit for the test,” Hilary said Hilary insisted 31 “What I always want is to become a doctor,” she said She dreamt 32 “I can’t let you use the mobile phone,” his mother said to him His mother prevented 33 “I like this car I’ll buy it,” Christina said Christina thought 34 “I feel like going to America next month,” Margaret said Margaret looked forward to 35 “It was your fault You didn’t tell me,” she told me She blamed 36 “I don’t think that we must widen the village road”, he said He objected 37 "I wish to speak English very fluently,” said Stella Stella dreamt 39 “I must go home now,” said Daisy Daisy insisted 40."Sorry teacher, I didn't the homework," Philip said to his teacher Philip apologized to 41 “You didn’t pay attention to what I said,” the teacher said to him The teacher accused 42 “I hear you passed your exams Congratulations!” Mark said to us Mark congratulated 43 “It was nice of you to visit me Thank you,” Miss White said to Jack Miss White thanked 44 “I’ve always wanted to be rich” Bob said Bob dreamed 45 “Why don’t we go to the beach tonight for a change?” said Henry Henry suggested 46 “You failed to save my husband’s life,” she said to the doctors She blamed 47 “Let me pay for the meal,” said Ben Ben insisted 48 “Yes I’ve spent too much money doing the shopping,” she said She admitted 49 “Well done, Tom You won the game,” said the teacher The teacher congratulated 50 “Beware of this bad road! It’s very dangerous to drive on it!” He said to us He warned 51 “I didn’t tell the teacher your mistake,” Joseph said to Martin Joseph denied 52 “You got me into trouble with this man,” Kevin said to Elizabeth Kevin blamed 53 “You lied to me, Julia,” Max said Max accused 54 “Forgive me I didn’t mean to make you angry, Sarah,” Lewis said Lewis apologized 55 “We must be given every detail of this case,” they said They insisted 56 “I’m afraid I’ve lost your letter, ” Michael said to Barbara Michael admitted 57 “Don’t drink this water because it is very polluted, ” Mitchell said to us Mitchell warned 58 “Why don’t we go sailing this weekend?” Samuel said Samuel suggested 59 “It’s not true I didn’t sell this information, ” Stephen said Stephen denied 60 “I’m sorry that I was rude to you yesterday, Helen,” said Robert Robert apologized to Exercise Turn into reported speech, using the verbs in brackets He said to her, “Come to the party You’ll enjoy it” (persuade) He said to me, “I’ll lend you some money if you like” (offer) He said to us, “Why don’t you have a holiday in my country cottage?” (invite) “All right I’ll help you,” Tom said to Joe (agree) “Whatever you do, don’t walk on the grass” the safeguard said to the tourists (warn) “You must pay for the damage you’ve done,” she said (make) “I haven’t done anything wrong,” Tom said (deny) “No, I won’t talk to the lawyer,” Tom said (refuse) “Yes, I did drive too fast through the town,” she said (admit) 10 “You damage my sweater, Tom,” said Ben (accuse) 11 “Stop speeding or you will get a ticket,” said the traffic warden to the driver (warn) 12 “Please go to the movies with me tonight,” said Aunt Fancy (persuade) 13 “Why don’t we work and keep ourselves from starving?” said Mike (suggest) 14 “Go on holiday when the weather gets warmer,” she told him (advise) 15 “Keep out of this room at all time,” she said to them (warn) 16 “Remember to post those letters,” he said to me (remind) 17 “If you can’t find anyone else,I’ll drive you you to the airport,” he said to me (volunteer) 18 “If you don’t give me a pay rise, I’ll resign,” he said to me.(threaten) 19 “It certainly wasn’t me who took your car!” said Bob (deny) 20 “Shall we go to Paris for the weekend?” Mary said to me (suggest) 21 “I saw Megan in town,” he said (mention) 22 “Be careful of malefactors and don’t go out at night alone” (warn) 23 “Nam, you shouldn’t spend so much money on gambling” (advise) 24 “Would you like to have lunch with me today” (invite) 25 “Why don’t you open a bank account” (encourage) 26 “Remember to book a table in advance” (remind) 27 “Fasten your seat belts” (tell) 28 “I’ll offer you some more wine tomorrow” (promise) 29 “Ok, I’ll carry some of these parcels for you” (offer) 30 “Could you possibly give me a lift to the next village” (ask) ... me a happy birthday V CÂU YÊU CẦU, ĐỀ NGHỊ, LỜI KHUYÊN, … TRONG LỜI NÓI GIÁN TIẾP: Trực tiếp Gián tiếp “Can/could/will/would you… Please?” “Would/Do you mind + V-ing?” Câu mệnh lệnh (chỉ có dộng... city Lời hứa (promise) Trực tiếp “I will ….” Ex: “ I will write to you” John said to me Gián tiếp S + Promise + to V John promised to write to me Lời mời Trực tiếp Gián tiếp “Would you like….”... offered to use my phone to call her mom Lời khuyên: Câu trực tiếp “If I were you …” “ S + should/had better/ ought to” Câu gián tiếp Advise (khuyên) on V-ing Advise sb (not) to V Encourage (khuyến khích)