BDD LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD LANGU

BDD BDD LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER By Dr.Keerti K.Chowdhary Just as one enjoys music, derives pleasure out of looking at sculptures and paintings and loves taking a stroll in the moonlight, in the same manner, an architectural creation also has an appealing quality Architectural forms may be lines, surfaces or volumes While walking, our angle of vision changes constantly with every step We observe different aspects of a building, the interplay of light and shade, its color and texture, openings for doors and windows and its surroundings Some buildings please the observer, while others not Every building is constructed with more or less the same material Each one has doors, windows and a roof In spite of this, every building cannot be a piece of architecture which will please every observer The beauty of a building is in its design A house is not constructed merely as a shelter; it is expected to create a happy environment inside as well as outside The same is valid for buildings for education, health and entertainment The creation of a desired environment inside as well as outside the building is the job of the architect An Approach to Planning With the many expectations, there will be a number of questions in the mind of the student What should be the main considerations when one starts to plan a building? How to develop the plan step-by-step? This is most important –? an approach Typical drafting tools Eraser, Compass, Lead Holder, Lead Pointer, extra Leads, French Curve Erasing Shield, 30/60 Triangle, 45 Degree Triangle, Protractor, Architect‟s Scale LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Sketches and Working Drawings Sketches are freehand drawings of an object for a project done in order to get the idea down on paper  Sketches are not usually drawn to scale  Neatly drawn sketches with fairly accurate dimensions are usually sufficient for simple projects  Sketches of larger and more complicated projects can serve as the basis for accurate working drawings Working drawings are complete drawings done in universal graphic language so that the object depicted can be constructed from the drawing alone without additional information  Dimensions - Working drawings use lines scaled to the dimensions of the actual objects  Views - Working drawings show specific views of an object with enough detail to enable project construction.` Most working drawings show three separate sides of an object from three flat, head-on views Pictorial drawings show three sides of an object together in one view Types of Drawings  Engineering drawings  Architectural drawings  Technical drawings  As built drawings  Shop drawings Engineering drawing  A schematic representation of a building, object, or component made according to defined conventions and projected to serve in the construction or fabrication of the thing depicted  Engineering drawings are frequently used to describe public works projects, such as : bridges, highways, and dams Architectural drawing  A sketch, diagram, plan, or schematic used to design, construct, and document buildings and other structures  The drawings may be used to indicate the overall appearance, inside or outside the structure, or they may be used to indicate precise measurements and other details for construction Drawings, LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD especially those for construction purposes, may be issued as a set, with different sheets indicating different types of construction (electrical, mechanical, plumbing) As-built drawing  Architectural drawings that reflect changes made during the construction process, recording differences between the original design and the completed structure  As-built drawings are based on design drawings used during construction, where measured drawings are usually made long after construction is completed and no design drawings exist Technical drawing  A graphic using lines and symbols that follows specific conventions of scale and projection, typically used in architecture, construction, engineering, or mapping A shop drawing  It is a drawing or set of drawings produced by the contractor,supplier,manufacturer,subcontractor or fabricator  Shop drawings are typically required for pre-fabricated components Examples of these include: elevators, structural steel, trusses, pre-cast, windows, appliances, cabinets, air handling units and millwork  Shop drawings are not produced by architects and engineers under their contract with the owner The shop drawing is the manufacturer‟s or the contractor‟s drawn version of information shown in the construction documents The shop drawing normally shows more detail than the construction documents It is drawn to explain the fabrication of the items to the manufacturer‟s production crew The style of the shop drawing is usually very different from that of the architect‟s drawing About Building Plans 1.Provide important information  Dimension  Direction  Heights 2.Have standard symbols & signs 3.Drawn to scale 4.Give different views & sections Building Plans Consists  Position of boundary pegs LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD  Boundary lines  Building lines  Walls & fixtures  Heights  Natural ground level (NGL)  Finished ground level (FGL)  Finished floor level (FFL)  Walls & fixtures  North direction  Plot number  Other specific information SCALE  A scale is a ratio representing the size of an illustration or reproduction, especially a map or a model, in relation to the object it represents  It is a comparison of sizes  The purpose of creating scale drawings is to allow the drafter to create a drawing which is proportionately the same as the artifact it represents Standard scale is : 100 Sometimes : 50 Site Plans often : 500 Drawing to Scale  Scale drawing permits the size of the object to be reduced proportionally in order for it to be drawn on the size of paper chosen  Common scales of a drawing may be 1mm, 10mm, 50mm, 100mm, to represent one metre For example, 10mm = metre  A scale rule is the most common type of scale used for drawing scale projects LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD  Its main divisions at the end of the scale, which are in centimetres or millimetres, represent one metre  The divisions may be subdivided into smaller parts Drafting Terminology  Plan: properly called „plan section‟ A horizontal view that is the result of „cutting‟ through the object/space horizontally, to reveal what is below the cut  Section: usually, but not always, meaning „vertical section‟ A vertical cut through an object or space to reveal the thicknesses of the objects that have been cut, such as walls in a building  Elevation: a straight on, frontal view of a surface, such as a chair, a wall, a guitar, et cetera An elevation drawing only shows the surface characteristics of its subject  Axonometric & Isometric: three dimensional images that convey the mass and some of the surface of an object or space Types of Lines Used in Drawings  Border line: a heavy, solid line drawn parallel to the edge of the drawing paper  Object line: a solid line representing the visible edges and form of an object  Hidden line: a series of dashes which indicate the presence of hidden edges  Dimension line: a solid line with arrowheads at both ends to indicate the length, width, or height of an object  Extension line: a solid line indicating the exact area specified by a dimension  Break line: a solid, zigzag line which indicates that part of the object being drawn is not fully illustrated or has been left out  Center line: a long-short-long line used to depict the center of a round object  Leader line: a solid line with an arrow pointing from an explanatory note to a specific feature of an object LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Preparing the architectural drawings • Site plan Plans Elevations Sections sanrachana the consultants  The site plan: is a view looking down at a building from above, illustrating its location & orientation on a plot land & providing information about the site‟s topography, landscaping utilities ,and site work  The importance of site plan: It illustrates the existing natural & built features  The floor plan: is a view looking down/ a horizontal plane is cut through a building from above about 1.5m, illustrating it‟s the horizontal dimensions of a building spaces, the thickness & construction of vertical walls & columns that define these spaces  The importance of plans: Define the spaces & its functional relationship Illustrates places of openings (doors- windows) Finishing Entrance (main- secondary) Utilities (stairs- elevators- mechanical room- baths- stores….) Structural system: R.C, steel, bearing walls… Columns, beams,… LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Thickness of walls (exterior & interior) Measurement and cost (quantity survey)  The building section: is a vertical piece cut through a building  Or: it is a drawing of interior & exterior partitions and roofs and ground floor in addition of interior elevations seen beyond the plane of cut  The importance of The building section: Illustrate building construction Technical implementation (precast- prestress…) Types of slab (roof plate) solid slab, hollow block, flat slab…) Building material (block, stone, concrete,…) Height of the building and levels Details and finishing Measurements  Building elevations: is views of a building‟s exterior perpendicular to the principle vertical surfaces  The importance of The building section:  Finishing  Openings  Size, shape , materials of exterior surfaces  Size proportion  Heights of the building  Measurements LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Responsible for implementing the Projects The owner consultant Supervisor staff contractor sanrachana the consultants The owner  Who is the owner:  Ordinary  Considerable  The owner decide the: The type- style- budget  The owner responsibility:  Funding  Feasibility studies LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Scope of work of consultant • Feasibility studies • Project design •Tendering issues • Work documents •Supervise the Sketches Primary design preparation Preparing plans for implementation project Document of general & specification conditions Survey of quantities Schedule (time table) •submission •As built drawings sanrachana the consultants Types of plans for implementation Architectural plans Structural plans Complementary plans plans column axis sanitation elevations foundations mechanics sections roofs electricity details structural details Special works sanrachana the consultants The Contractor The role of the contractor  Study the bid LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD  Suggest the prices for implementing the project  Prepare “Survey quantities”  Cooperate with the consultant  Save the technical staff & labor  Prepare “Time table approval”  Save “Safety measurement” Supervisor staff  Continues Supervision  Office engineer  Coordinate with other parties Steps of projects preparation Site preparation 2.Land marking & determining levels of digging Batter board Building material delivery Concrete skeleton implementation 6.Building & finishing works Landscaping Site submission sanrachana the consultants Basic Room Sizes Living………………………………………………………… 14‟ x 20‟ Dining………………………………………………………… 12‟ x 14‟ Kitchen………………………………………………………… 8‟ x 16‟ Bath…………………………………………………………… 5‟ x 9‟ LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Bedroom, master……………………………………………… 12‟ x 15‟ Bedroom……………………………………………………… 11‟ x 13‟ Entrance hall…………………………………………………… 7‟ x 8‟ Powder room, half bath……………………………………… 4‟ x 5‟ Utility………………………………………………………… 8‟ x 12‟ Hall width……………………………………………………… 3‟6” to 4‟ Stairs width…………………………………………………… 3‟ Garage, single………………………………………………… 12‟ x 20‟ Garage, double………………………………………………… 20‟ x 20‟ Workshop……………………………………………………… 12‟ x 14‟ Closet depth…………………………………………………… 2‟ Basic Door Sizes Front door……………………………………………………… 36” x 80” Back/side door………………………………………………… 32” x 80” Interior room door………………………………….…… 28”,30”,32” x 80” Single garage door…………………………………… 8‟, 9‟ wide x 7‟h Double garage door………………………………….… 16‟ wide x 7‟ h Patio/French doors…………………………………………… 6‟ x 80” LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD Furniture Planning When developing furniture plans, remember to consider room to move around You need at least 2‟ to travel between furniture Also, remember to add items such as lamps, end tables, dressers and plants to your plan LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD PP PERSPECTIVE CP H Av HP Cv S L GP G L TERMINOLOGY r PERSPECTIVE VIEW q s P p V2 V1 sp rp qp P S L H V2 V1 R Q S G P L TYPE-1 LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER BDD PERSPECTIVE VIEW P H L P V2 V1 G L SP LANGUAGE OF CIVIL ENGINEER TYPE-2