Tài liệu Constituent Structure - Part 26 ppt

... data from Tagalog predicate-initial struc- tures and uses this to argue that Tagalog is non-conWgurational, and has a completely Xat structure both in verbal and non-verbal constructions. Kroeger’s ... example c-command) rather than over argument structure or functional structures as in HPSG, LFG, and RRG. If one does not accept that subject–object asymmet- ries are best expressed by c-co...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... reference to XPs are many. For example, operations such as wh-movement all seem to target XP-level constituents. Simi- larly, head-movement and morphological operations mostly target individual ... to other parts of the grammar (such as the lexicon or licensing rules), and what remains is the X-bar schema, which directly constrains constitu- ent structure without speciWc phrase structure...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... hold at either D- or S -structure. In sentences (a) and (b), Rivera is c-commanded by he at D -structure, so we have a condi- tion-C violation. The adjunct is inserted between D- and S -structure. In ... S -structure. In (d), Rivera is c-commanded by he at S -structure, so again we have a condition-C violation. However, in (c), Rivera is never c-commanded by he, it is inserted after the wh-...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... projection- based theories of phrase structure, but is particularly acute in BPS where there is no plausible top-to-bottom or purely representational 160 controversies However, such a constituent- centric ... in Stepanov (2001). 8.4.3 Bottom-to-top and top-to-bottom derivations Another consequence of the BPS system is the strictly upwardly cyclic nature of the phrase structure derivation....

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... Grim- shaw (1992) suggest hybrids of the second and third approaches. They have functional categories, but these are viewed as extended projec- tions of the V. See Bury (2003) for a more up-to-date ... assumption and of the entire functional-projection 27 This is part of an larger programmatic restriction of ‘‘economy of expression’’, where forms appear only in the c -structure of the sent...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... 118 26. Frank, Robert (2002). Phrase Structure Composition and Syntactic Dependen- cies. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. —— and Fero Kuminiak (2000). ‘‘Primitive Asymmetric C-command Derives X-Bar ... Society (NELS) 30: 203–17. —— and K. Vijay-Shankar (2001). ‘‘Primitive c-command.’’ Syntax 4: 164–204. —— Paul Hagstrom, and K. Vijay-Shanker (2002). ‘‘Roots Constituents and C-command.’’ In Alexis...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2013, 15:16

... LFG, Simpler Syntax 208 10.4.2 The Parallel Plane hypotheses: L- and S-Syntax and pheno- and tectogrammatical structures 209 10.4.3 Wheel-and-spoke multiplanar approaches 212 10.5. Conclusions 217 11. ... remarks 260 References 261 Index 287 contents ix

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... in (26) : (26) (a) really fancy (constituent) (b) at really (not a constituent) . If we delete (26a) from (22), we get a meaningful sentence, but if we delete (26b) we get something very odd-sounding ... the concatenation-as-addition and the structured-concatenation proced- ures). Instead, we need a richer hierarchical structure (such as that in (9)) to represent which words go together....

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 17:20

... of (15b) is that either binding condition C holds at D -structure before wh-movement applies or the wh-phrase ‘‘recon- structs’’ to its D -structure position after the overt component of the grammar. ... added after D -structure and movement. (16) X Bar À! D -Structure # Movement # S -Structure (adjunction happens here) So the derivation of (15d) is such that the adjunct is added after t...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15

... system: Lexical-Functional Grammar Strictly speaking, Lexical-Functional Grammar does not belong in this chapter, because it posits separate constituent and relational structures (c- and f-structures); ... 6,LFG makes use of a structured representation of grammatical functions, as dependency and constituency 171 shown in (2). These f-structures are mapped to the constituent structure (c...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 08:15