... many learners. The habit of “swallowing” the ending sound in the mother tongue is in fact a negative transference that inhibits the pronunciation of ending sounds in the target language. In ... characteristics either of final or of initial plosives. Final position: the final sounds such as b, d, g normally have little voicing; if there is voicing, it is at the beginning of the hold phase. ... cannot produce intelligible speech they certainly will fail in communication. Like learners elsewhere in the world, Vietnamese learners encounter great difficulties in learning English pronunciation...