... Patient: Edema An important first question is whether the edema is localized or generalized If it is localized, those local phenomena that may be responsible should be considered If the edema is ... and the pathophysiology of edema formation, in The Kidney, 7th ed, BM Brenner (ed) Philadelphia, Saunders, 2004, pp 777–856 Chertow GM: Approach to the patient with edema, in Cardiology for the ... Philadelphia, Saunders, 2003, pp 117–128 Diskin CJ et al: Edema, oncotic pressure, and free entropy: Novel considerations for treatment of edema through attention to thermodynamics Nephron 78:131,...