Corporate finance chapter 07 principles of asset valuation

... deposit? – – – Daily rate = 055 / 3 65 = 000 150 68493 Number of days = 3(3 65) = 10 95 FV = 15, 000 / (1.000 150 68493)10 95 = $12,718 .56 Copyright  2007 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd 55 1 ... Account:   – Daily rate = 052 5 / 3 65 = 0001438 356 2 FV = 100(1.0001438 356 2)3 65 = $1 05. 39 Second Account:   Semiannual rate = 053 9 / = 02 65 FV = 100(1.02 65) 2 = $1 05. 37 • You...

Ngày tải lên: 04/04/2016, 14:26

... itself or of variability in the broad biologic context in which the drug-target interaction occurs to achieve drug effects Two important goals of the discipline of clinical pharmacology are (1) to ... beneficial and adverse effects The chain of events between administration of a drug and production of these effects in the body can be divided into two components, both of whi...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... from the site of administration (Fig 52) The extent of absorption may be reduced because a drug is incompletely released from its dosage form, undergoes destruction at its site of administration, ... P-glycoprotein, the product of the normal expression of the MDR1 gene P-glycoprotein is expressed on the apical aspect of the enterocyte and on the canalicular aspect of the hepato...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... processes are first-order; i.e., the rate of the process depends on the amount of drug present Clinically important exceptions are discussed below (see "Principles of Dose Selection") In the simplest ... half-life As a consequence of this relationship, a plot of the logarithm of concentration vs time is a straight line (Fig 5-2A , inset) Half-life is the time required for 50% of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... volume of the body has been "cleared" of the drug during that time period This defines clearance as volume/time Clearance includes both drug metabolism and excretion Clinical Implications of Altered ... central volume of distribution of lidocaine is reduced Therefore, lower-thannormal loading regimens are required to achieve equivalent plasma drug concentrations and to avoid toxic...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... some clinically important principles can be elucidated A drug effect often depends on the presence of underlying pathophysiology Thus, a drug may produce no action or a different spectrum of actions ... site of action, it alters the function of that molecular target, with the ultimate result of a drug effect that the patient or physician can perceive For drugs used in the urgent...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... toxicity is absent and the likelihood of serious toxicity is small For example, a small percentage of patients with strong seizure foci require plasma levels of phenytoin >20 g/mL to control seizures ... an understanding of the relationships between plasma concentration and anticipated effects For example, measurement of QT interval is used during treatment with sotalol or dofetilid...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... clearance of lidocaine is reduced by about 50% in heart failure, and therapeutic plasma levels are achieved at infusion rates of 50% or less than those usually required The volume of distribution of ... with normal liver function Therefore the size of the oral dose of such drugs should be reduced in this setting Heart Failure and Shock Under conditions of decreased tissue perfus...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... advanced at the end of the nineteenth century, and the first examples of familial clustering of unusual drug responses due to this mechanism were noted in the mid-twentieth century Clinically important ... pathways of drug disposition (Table 5-1) A distinct multimodal distribution of drug disposition (as shown in Fig 5-6) argues for a predominant effect of variants in a single gen...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... therapy and of hepatitis with isoniazid Induction of CYPs (e.g., by rifampin) also increases the risk of isoniazid-related hepatitis, likely reflecting generation of reactive metabolites of acetylhydrazine, ... Deficiency of glucose-6phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), most often in individuals of African or Mediterranean descent, increases risk of hemolytic anemia in response to...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... Indeed, one major result of understanding of the role of genetics in drug action has been improved screening of drugs during the development process to reduce the likelihood of highly variable metabolism ... applicable to the problem of identifying genomic predictors of variable drug effects Prospects for Incorporating Genetic Information into Clinical Practice The examples o...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... increases the risk of serious toxicity (see "The Concept of High-Risk Pharmacokinetics," above) Examples include CYP3A inhibitors increasing the risk of cyclosporine toxicity or of rhabdomyolysis ... penetration of multiple HIV protease inhibitors (with the attendant risk of facilitating viral replication in a sanctuary site) appears attributable to Pglycoprotein-mediated exclusio...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... subsequently receive the drug therapeutically Because of the relatively small number of patients studied in clinical trials and the selected nature of these patients, rare adverse effects are generally ... spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene The pharmacologic effects of sildenafil result from inhibition of the phosphodiesterase type isoform that inactivates cyclic GMP in the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... tissue toxicity Because of the reactive nature of these metabolites, covalent binding often occurs close to the site of production, typically the liver The most common cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity ... necrosis produced by the ingestion of acetaminophen can be prevented or attenuated by the administration of substances such as N-acetylcysteine that reduce the binding of e...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20

... other factors Electronic sources of adverse drug reactions can be useful However, exhaustive compilations often provide little sense of perspective in terms of frequency and seriousness, which ... considerable time to disappear Summary Modern clinical pharmacology aims to replace empiricism in the use of drugs with therapy based on in-depth understanding of factors that determin...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 08:20