Principles of water treatment

... benefit One of the challenges of cancer treatment is to use the various treatment modalities alone and together in a fashion that maximizes the chances for patient benefit Cancer treatments are ... Normal organs and cancers share the property of having (1) a population of cells in cycle and actively renewing and (2) a population of cells not in cycle In cancers, cells that...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... rate Principles of Cancer Surgery Surgery is used in cancer prevention, diagnosis, staging, treatment (for both localized and metastatic disease), palliation, and rehabilitation Prophylaxis Cancer ... lightmicroscopic inspection of a tumor for pattern of growth, degree of cellular atypia, invasiveness, and morphologic features that aid in the differential diagnosis, sufficie...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... information for treatment planning and may determine the extent and nature of primary cancer treatment Treatment Surgery is the most effective means of treating cancer Today about 40% of cancer patients ... a surgeon or center for primary cancer treatment, consideration must be given to the volume of cancer surgeries undertaken by the site Studies in a variety of canc...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... impact on the patient's perception of successful therapy Plastic and reconstructive surgery can correct the effects of disfiguring primary treatment Principles of Radiation Therapy Physical Properties ... uses radiation to treat cancer Radiation is a physical form of treatment that damages any tissue in its path; its selectivity for cancer cells may be due to defects in a c...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... some fashion to a site of tumor Teletherapy is the most commonly used form of radiation therapy Radiation from any source decreases in intensity as a function of the square of the distance from ... effective treatment volume is small X-rays and gamma rays are the forms of radiation most commonly used to treat cancer They are both electromagnetic, nonparticulate waves that cause...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... number of diseases, including breast cancer, Hodgkin's disease, head and neck cancer, prostate cancer, and gynecologic cancers Radiation therapy can also palliate disease symptoms in a variety of ... relief of bone pain from metastatic disease, control of brain metastases, reversal of spinal cord compression and superior vena caval obstruction, shrinkage of painful masses, and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... in providing a basis for patients to make sensible choices Cancer Drugs: Overview and Principles for Use Cancer drug treatments are of four broad types Conventional chemotherapy agents were historically ... normal structures Patients treated with palliative intent should be aware of their diagnosis and the limitations of the proposed treatments, have access to supportive care, and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... metastatic cancers If a tumor is localized to a single site, serious consideration of surgery or primary radiation therapy should be given, as these treatment modalities may be curative as local treatments ... Chemotherapy may be employed after the failure of these modalities to eradicate a local tumor or as part of multimodality approaches to offer primary treatment to a clinically...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... least an increased time to further progression of disease Active efforts are being made to quantitate effects of anticancer agents on quality of life Cancer drug clinical trials conventionally use ... during the ontogeny of the organism Anoikis refers to the death of epithelial cells after removal from the normal milieu of substrate, particularly from cell-to-cell contact Cance...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... novel mechanisms of action, combinations of drugs and targeted agents may maximize the chances of affecting critical pathways in the tumor Chemotherapeutic Agents Used for Cancer Treatment Table ... action of particular pathways For example, the p210bcr-abl fusion protein tyrosine kinase drives chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and HER-2/neu stimulates the proliferation of certain...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... 665 mg/m2 Diarrhea bid Prodrug 5FU due of to Hand-foot continuous; intratumoral syndrome 1250 mg/m metabolism bid weeks on/ off; 829 mg/m2 bid weeks on/ off + 60 mg/d leucovorin Cytosine arabinoside ... Carboplatin 365 mg/m2 Marrow platelets IV > WBCs q3–4 weeks Reduce dose according to CrCl: to AUC of 5–7 mg/mL Nausea as adjusted Renal (high dose) dose/(CrCl + 25)] for CrCl Oxaliplatin 1...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... Busulfan can cause profound myelosuppression, alopecia, and pulmonary toxicity but is relatively "lymphocyte sparing." Its routine use in treatment of CML has been curtailed in favor of imatinib (Gleevec)or ... that covalently modify bases in DNA This leads to cross-linkage of DNA strands or the appearance of breaks in DNA as a result of repair efforts "Broken" or cross-linked DNA...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... incidence of anaphylaxis with early preparations of the drug has led to the practice of administering a test dose of 0.5– unit before the rest of the dose The most feared complication of bleomycin treatment ... with p53 and Rb pathway lesions as the result of defective checkpoint mechanisms in cancer cells Owing to the role of topoisomerase I in the procession of the rep...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20

... particularly in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer While chemotherapy-associated leukemia is generally of the acute myeloid type, APL arising in the setting of prior mitoxantrone treatment had the ... resealed lead to progress of the replication fork off the end of a DNA strand The DNA damage is a potent signal for induction of apoptosis Camptothecins promote the stabil...

Ngày tải lên: 07/07/2014, 01:20