Life cycle costing for cleanroom construction

... Perspectives 1. 3.2 Life Cycle Costing Planning versus Life Cycle Costing Analysis 11 The Requirement and General Framework for Environmental Life Cycle Costing 12 1. 4 .1 Goal and Scope ... Conventional Life Cycle Costing 1. 2.2 Environmental Life Cycle Costing 1. 2.3 Societal Life Cycle Costing Two Key Limitations of LCC to Be Tackled by Envir...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 17.50 € 2. 25 € 14.00 € 21 6.45 € 8€ 2 0€ 28 € (continued) 24 Environmental Life Cycle Costing Other services Labor (other) Depreciation and tax Sum Total Amount — 1.3 h — Cost per unit — 25 € / ... € 42. 20 € per annum — Collection: 8€ Disassembly and/or recycling: 21 € €* (continued) © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 28 Environmenta...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... More self-contained Source: Hansen and Mowen (1997) © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Environmental Life Cycle Costing 41 3. 3 CALCULATING LIFE CYCLE COSTS ... being compared 3. 2.2 PRODUCT LIFE CYCLE FROM ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL PERSPECTIVES As explained in Chapter 1, the term life cycle has to be seen analogously to the phys...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... gas Ag-ore Al-ore Au-ore Cu-ore Fe-ore Pt-ore Pd-ore Pb-ore P-minerals Total 2.20 1013 1.70 1011 1.53 1011 3 .40 1012 3.17 1012 1.56 1012 1.30 107 2.11 101 1 .46 106 9.03 109 5.07 1011 1. 24 105 ... Sections 4. 2.2 to 4. 2 .4 of this chapter They represent environmental, social, or economic effects that have been observed and described in the literature The ISO 140 40 /44 (2006) requir...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... portfolio © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Life Cycle Costing in Life Cycle Management 85 5.3 CONTINUOUS PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT 5. 3.1 LCC AND LCIA IN ECODESIGN ... FIGURE 5. 1 Dimensions of environmental accounting, all of which can contribute to LCC © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) Life Cycle...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... Switzerland FIGURE 6. 3 LCC case studies in the survey, per country © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 10 96 Environmental Life Cycle Costing Figure 6. 4 shows the ... a static life cycle These were set to a life cycle duration of years in Figure 6. 5; the longest life cycle spans 90 years (a building).** Use Types for Case Studie...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 310 270 74 0 600 520 450 400 850 79 0 680 600 520 970 980 840 74 0 640 1 070 1160 1000 870 76 0 1180 1330 1140 1000 870 1280 1500 1290 1130 980 1380 1660 1430 1250 1090 1 470 1820 1 570 1 370 1190 1 570 ... 82 € 76 € 251 € 163 € 67 € 150 € 101 € © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 146 Environmental Life Cycle Costing Life Cycle Costs Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... where maintenance can dominate the LCC © 20 08 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 156 Environmental Life Cycle Costing The life cycle cost, as a ratio to the product selling ... assumptions Use a life cycle perspective (cradle-to-grave) Ensure that the functional unit describes functionality Use real monetary flows, borne by some or more actors...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... LCA is the environmental life cycle assessment (SETAC 199 3; ISO 14040/44 2006) ELCC stands for environmental life cycle costing (see Chapter 3), while SLCA stands for societal life cycle assessment ... the environmental aspects and potential impacts” throughout a product’s life cycle from © 2008 by the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) 162...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, (2), 109 – 110 Hunkeler, D, Rebitzer, G 2005 The future of life cycle assessment International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 10 (5), 305–308 Hunkeler, ... the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) References 181 Nakamura, S, Kondo, Y 2005 A waste input-output life- cycle cost analysis of the recycling...

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... 13 9 11 .1 Introduction 13 9 11 .2 Sources .13 9 11 .3 Petroleum Hydrocarbons .14 0 11 .3 .1 Alkanes .14 0 11 .3 .1. 1 Properties and Use 14 0 11 .3 .1. 2 ... 14 1 11 .3.2 Alkenes .14 2 11 .3.2 .1 Properties and Use 14 2 11 .3.2.2 Health Effects 14 2 11 .3.3 The Aromatic Hydrocarbons 14 2 11 .3.3 .1 Benzene .14 3 11 .3.3.2 ... 14 6 11 .4.4 Transport 14 6 11 .4.5...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 125 .4a 125 .8 129 .8 1 32. 8 135.0 129 .9 — 0.3 3.5 5.9 7.6 3.5 12. 8a 19 .2 28.4 36.4 41.4 39.7 — 50 122 184 22 3 21 0 a The rate of 1950 was used as basis of comparison From ... 1976 22 Murakami, M., Environmental health surveillance system for monitoring air pollution, Environ Sci., 4, 1, 1996 23 Nriagu, J.O., History of global metal pollution, Science...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... included iodine- 131 with a half -life of days; cesium- 134 and cesium- 137 with half-lives of two and 30 years, respectively; and several plutonium isotopes with half-lives ranging from 13 to 24,000 ... Press LLC LA4154/frame/C 03 Page 23 Wednesday, May 17, 2000 3: 42 PM OCCURRENCE OF TOXICANTS 23 3.7.1.1 Meuse Valley, Belgium, 1 930 This episode occurred on December 1, 1 930 in Meuse...

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... a higher α-amylase activity than the control assay mixture containing no added CaCl2 (Figure 4. 4) © 2001 by CRC Press LLC LA41 54/ frame/C 04 Page 40 Wednesday, May 17, 2000 3:52 PM 40 ENVIRONMENTAL ... with liver cellular components Cyt P450  CCl   → ⋅CCl + Cl⋅ © 2001 by CRC Press LLC (4. 4) LA41 54/ frame/C 04 Page 42 Wednesday, May 17, 2000 3:52 PM 42 ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOL...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... components 29 Research on cleanroom cost efficiency 29 Life Cycle Costing 32 2.2.1 Background 32 2.2.2 Definitions of life cycle cost and life cycle costing 33 2.2.3 Life cycle cost analysis and ... framework for cleanroom by introducing the concept of life cycle costing to the cleanroom projects To identify those significant parameters that would contribute...

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2015, 17:33