Fouling development in full scale RO process, characterization and modeling

... full- scale RO processes and substantial savings in time and resources can be made Keywords: Fouling, Fouling index, Fouling potential, Full- scale RO system, Normalization, Permeate flux decline, ... a full- scale RO system and this will be extremely useful in full- scale system design 19 Chapter Modelling of Membrane Fouling in Full- Scale RO System...

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2015, 21:15

... as the basic characteristic of the plant, as shown in figure The transfer function is used to understand the plant in used Figure 1.4: Transfer function of the plant Discussion In the initial tasks ... by randomly manipulating the PID variables, of the closed loop system, we achieved our desired curve Figure 1.6, which is the given response, and figure 1.7, which is our created respo...

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2014, 03:24

... comparing the successes of United States' and European countries' initiatives CHAIPTER RESOURCES FOR BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT IN THE U. S In this chapter I discuss the current opportunities available in ... in the U. S and apply successful European strategies to this end Ultimately, this thesis applies the outcome of this research to U. S social and economi...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2015, 21:23

... functions The positions of the three peaks are determined to be 711 2.8, 711 4.2 and 711 6.9 eV for sample A, and 711 2.6, 711 3.9 and 711 6.8 eV for sample B, respectively All the three peaks of sample ... GPa), the (11 0) and (200) peak become broader, the intensity of ( 210 ) and ( 211 ) peaks start to decrease from 5 .17 GPa On further increasing pressure, the intensity of ( 210...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... 121 . 02 128 .94 122 .90 125 .3 122 .15 120 .36 121 .39 121 .22 116 .29 141.30 120 .05 116.10 115 .29 147. 02 110.30 122 .44 125 . 72 131.97 128 .25 133.31 110.44 133 .21 117.38 125 .70 125 .29 126 .73 126 .31 125 .97 ... 1.090 1 .21 58 1 .26 50 1.34 32 1 .24 12 1.3 526 1.000 1.000 1.0899 1.0900 1.0900 (Im+)3 BiCl6 LanL2Dz 1 .26 9 1 .21 6 1.3 52 1 .24 1 1.343 1 .24 1 1 .26 5 1.365 1. 32...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... J, and Viehland, D (20 03) Ultrahigh Magnetic Field Sensitivity in Laminates of Terfenol-D and Pb(Mg1/3Nb2 /3) O3-PbTiO3 Appl Phys Lett.; 83 [11] pp 2265-2267 Dong S, Li J, and Viehland D (20 03) ... equation for the longitudinal ME coefficient (Bichurin, 20 03) : αE, 33 = × μ0 kv(1 − v) p d31 m q31 E3 =2 p × p H3 {2 d31 (1 − v)+ ε 33 [( p s11 + p s12 )( v − 1)− v( m s11 + m s12 )]}...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... [38] [39] [40 ] [41 ] [42 ] [43 ] [44 ] [45 ] [46 ] [47 ] [48 ] [49 ] [50] [51] [52] [53] [ 54] [55] [56] [57] [58] Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling Ferroelectrics Devonshire, A F (1 949 ) Philosophical ... 0.0 46 6 46 4 46 2 46 0 45 8 45 6 45 4 Binding Energy (eV) Fig 10 Photographs of (111) twinned BaTiO3 nanoparticles (a), the corresponding UV-vis absorption...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... of Pb2Ru2O6 .5 d33(pC/N) 50 40 30 16 .5 vol % 12 .5 vol % 15. 5 vol % 20 10 PZT−Pb2Ru2O6 .5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Epoling(kV/cm) Fig 12 Piezoelectric coefficient d33 in various PZT-Pb2Ru2O6 .5 samples, ... supported by the Slovenian Research Agency under project J1- 953 4 and program P2-01 05- 0106/ 05 and under European project FP NMP3-CT-20 05- 5 157 57 We thank to Prof Horst Beig...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... 9 .6 0.3 4.5±0.1 C [103A/(m⋅K)] 20.72±0.22 18. 16 0. 16 19.53±0.13 6. 56 0. 06 6.99±0.10 3.19±0.02 D [A/m] -28.7±2.2 - 16. 4±0.9 - 16. 6±1.0 -4.5±0.4 -31.4±0.4 -54 .6 0.3 Table Best-fit parameters of the data ... phase and χ ( E) − 3 + = 27ε BE2 χ (E)χ (0) χ (0) (13) 1 86 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling for the ferroelectric one χ(E) and χ(0) are the susceptibil...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Materials, Ferroelectrics, Vol 82, 1988, pp 91- 97 Vendik, O G (Ed.) (1 979 ) Ferroelectrics at Microwaves, Soviet Radio, Moscow, Russia (in Russian) 226 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling ... dependencies of domain structure and ferroelectric properties, and correlates physical properties, namely lattice 230 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling p...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... 256 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling and 307 cm-1 bands in BaTi1-yCayO3 Fig.9 shows the bands 299, 520 and 723 cm -1 were independent of the formation of CaBa and CaTi in Bi-BCT and ... relationships for films with various Zr/(Zr+Ti) ratio and film thickness 120 80 40 -40 -80 -120 120 80 40 -40 -80 -120 120 80 40 -40 -80 -120 120 80 40 -40 -80 -120 (e) 0.35...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... G.( 198 9) Theory of Photopyroelectric Method for Investigation of Optical and Thermal Materials Properties Physical Review, Vol B40, No 14, (November 198 9), pp 96 06 -96 17, ISSN 1 098 -0121 Clark N and ... several particular cases were obtained, in which the information is contained both in the amplitude and phase of the PPE signal (Mandelis & Zver, 198 5; Chirtoc & Mihailescu, 198...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... 0.62±0.09 eV Zn2p (a) ZnO: Zn2p (b) STO: Ti2p 102 1.69 eV 458.30 eV Intensity (arb units) 101 0 101 5 102 0 102 5 103 0 445 (c) ZnO/STO: Zn2p 101 5 455 460 102 0 102 5 103 0 445 (e) ZnO: VBM 450 455 -2 470 465 ... Intensity (arb units) 101 5 102 0 102 5 103 0 102 1.17 eV 102 0 102 5 455 460 103 0 455 460 2.44 eV 465 (f) BTO: VBM (e) ZnO: VBM -2 465 (d) ZnO/BTO: Ti 2p 457.68...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... δ = −10.0 and square for δ = −50.0 (Ahmad and Ong, 2011b) 364 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling Fig Coercive field eCF versus film thickness l for various positive δ , and temperature ... strength e0 : (a) 0.6, 1.0, 2.0 and l = 1.35; (b) 0.91, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and l = 5.0 (Ong and Ahmad, 2009) 366 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling (a) (b) Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... 3s and 3p states and O 2s and 2p states in BaTiO3 : (a) anisotropic Coulomb repulsions between Ti 3s and 3px ( y) states and O x ( y) 2s and 2px ( y) states, and between Ti 3s and 3pz states and ... between Ti 3s and 3pz 396 Ferroelectrics - Characterization and Modeling Ferroelectrics states and O 2pz states not favourably cause Ti ion displacement Experimenta...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20