Immunodominance and immunoprotection of anti viral specific CD8+ t cell response during HBV infection

... immune assays and to build reagent panels able to accurately characterize the phenotype and function of responding T-cells More importantly, the ICS assay can be used as primary assay to evaluate HIV-1-specific ... increase the simultaneous measurement of cytokines for this kind of assays On the other hand, the introduction of new reagents, instruments and software, strongly improved the capacity of flow cytometry ... AIDS Research and Therapy 2008, 5:22 http://www.aidsrestherapy.com/content/5/1/22 CD8 T-cells The assay has the capacity to detect the cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2, the chemokine MIP-1β and the activation...

... diminish the intensity of the T-cell response [29] Moreover, anergy of T cells was observed in RA patients [30] Therefore, the outcome of the anti-CMV CD4pos T-cell response in RA patients treated ... colitis, and retinitis in AIDS [15] CD4pos and CD8pos T-cell responses against CMV have been studied by using peptides, recombinant proteins, or lysates of infected cells [16-19] Frequencies of CMV-specific ... produced by CD4pos T cells is important in the control of CMV in vitro [25] and in vivo [21], we tested the intracellular production of IFN-γ in CD4pos T cells in response to total CMV Ags in patients...

... with both the avian and human strains of influenza This facilitates viral reassortment and the generation of novel   10 Chapter 1: Introduction human viral strains with the potential of transferring ... cells HAspecific antibodies form a solid correlate of protection against influenza provided that they match the virus causing the infection In contrast to the antibodies targeted to the HA head region, ... immunity takes days to be initiated and then for the response to peak In the interim, it is the innate immune response that combats viral replication in the initial phase of the infection, buying...

... restriction to Lck accessing certain tyrosine residues of the protein chain Our studies have determined the efficiency of phosphorylation of each of the six f ITAM tyrosines by PTK Lck, from which ... vitro phosphorylation by Lck, confirmed tyrosine 1N to be the first phosphorylated Differences arising in the order of phosphorylation of the subsequent tyrosines in the whole cTCRf chain in vitro, ... rate-limited by ATP concentration The levels of incorporation of 32P into the peptide were used to calculate the kinetics of phosphorylation by Lck at each tyrosine, and from these an order of phosphorylation...

... Comparison of T cell size after stimulation with anti-CD3/ CD28 beads or anti-CD3 To gain additional insight into the relative impact of beads and anti-CD3 on cells, we serially monitored forward ... Cite this article as: Li and Kurlander: Comparison of anti-CD3 and antiCD28-coated beads with soluble anti-CD3 for expanding human T cells: Differing impact on CD8 T cell phenotype and responsiveness ... timing of the second stimulus and expansion of restimulated CD4 (A and B) and CD8 (C and D) T cells To normalize for the impact of persistent growth attributable to primary stimulation, the ratio of...

... cross-sectional and longitudinal study showed no abnormality in EBV viral load or EBV-specific T-cell response in patients with RA or SpA at baseline or after treatment with MTX or anti-TNF drugs In contrast ... between the Epstein-Barr virus viral load and Epstein-Barr virus- specific T-cell response Correlation between the number of IFNγproducing T cells and the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viral load EBV-specific ... cross-sectional study Epstein-Barr virus load in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the cross-sectional study Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load distribution in control individuals (n = 15), spondylarthropathy...

... BIOLOGY OF DENGUE VIRUS 1.2.1 Taxonomy of dengue virus Dengue virus (DENV) belongs to the family of Flaviviridae that consists of three genera, flavivirus (e.g dengue virus, West Nile virus, and ... BIOLOGY OF DENGUE VIRUS 1.2.1 Taxonomy of dengue virus 1.2.2 Structure and genetic organization of dengue virus 1.2.3 Viral infection cycle 1.2.4 Viral proteins ... cases of dengue fever occurring every year, hence there is a need for drug -discovery and vaccine development for dengue fever The aim of this thesis is to identify and characterize three antiviral...

... strategy could then be matched with heterologous vectors that expand and/ or differentiate the primed cells to therapeutically useful effector T cells or, alternatively, with homologous boosting ... death-1 (PD-1) at the heart of heterologous prime-boost vaccines and regulation of CD8+ T cell immunity Journal of Translational Medicine 2010 8:132 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central ... further testing in other heterologous prime-boost vaccine protocols This asymmetry between priming and boosting vectors could very well be at the heart of both the mechanism and advantage of heterologous...

... effector memory CD8+ T cells in RA may indicate an increase in the migration of these cells into sites of inflammation, and therefore may contribute to ongoing synovial inflammation Competing interests ... suggested that the differentiation may not be linear at all The central and effector memory phenotypes of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood of RA patients are unknown Determination of these ... blockade of the differentiation of central memory CD45RA–CD62L+ CD8+ T cells into effector memory CD8+ T cells would also result in an increase in the central memory population with a concomitant decrease...

... humoral autoimmunity after immunoablative therapy, we analyzed the avidity of reappearing ACPA-IgG autoantibodies by dichotomizing patients according to their pre-transplantation ACPA-IgG level and ... Low avidity of antibodies against anti-cyclic citrullinated of ACPA-IgG autoantibodies with low avidity protein (ACPA)-IgG (solid lines) before and after immunoablative therapy when autoimmunity ... Nakazawa T, Kawano S, Saigo K, Morinobu A, Koshiba M, Kuntz KM, et al.: Meta-analysis: diagnostic accuracy of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and rheumatoid factor for rheumatoid arthritis...

... levels of < /b> memory B cells were probably caused by a reduction of < /b> postgerminal center Bm5 (CD38+IgD-) in PB One of < /b> the explanations for this may be a normal development of < /b> immature B cells in BM and < /b> ... long-term < /b> reduction in switched memory B cells both in PB and < /b> in BM The reduction of < /b> switched memory B cells does not prevent repopulation with autoantibody producing B cell clones suggesting that mechanisms ... pronounced decrease in frequency of < /b> Rituximab depletes immature and < /b> naïve B cells in BM To further evaluate the phenotype of < /b> B cells escaping rituximab depletion in BM, a combination of < /b> CD27 and...