... fact that when speaking English, theycomprehend English language by listening, switching into their native languages -and then translating or changing into Vietnamese and then English again. Limitedliteracy ... are two kinds of routines: information routines, and interactionroutines. The information routines include frequently recurring types of informationstructures involved in, for example, stories, ... background of learning and teaching speaking skill and Proficiency in the native language and the second language and the acquisition of a third language.2.1. Theoretical background of speaking in second...