Fluids and Electrolytes Demystified - part 2 doc

... reabsorptionRenal excretion 20 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi ed5 Distinguish between strong acids and weak acids and strong bases and weak bases.6 Defi ne buffer and explain how the buffer ... extracellular fl uid. 2 24 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi ed This system functions best in an environment with a pH of 6.1 and would not be as effective outside the human body. The lungs and kidneys ... Ca 2+ in the kidneys and release of Ca 2+ from the bones and increases the active vitamin D in the body, resulting in increased absorption of Ca 2+ in the gastrointestinal tract. Calcium and...

... Table 6–3 lists some foods that have a high potassium content.94 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi edFinal Check-up 1. A 25 -year-old patient admitted after a car accident with head injury begins ... the maintenance of fl uid and electrolyte balance. Disruption in the body’s ability to regulate sodium and fl uid can result in hypernatremia or hyponatremia. 82 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi ... new and signifi cant symptoms and possible sources of the imbalance.• Intake and output are critical to detection of sodium and fl uid imbalances and to implement interventions.• All intake and...

... Electrolyte, and Acid–Base Imbalances 185Answers to Final Check-ups 20 7References 21 1Index 21 3x Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi edRegulation 23 Conclusion 25 Final Check-up 26 CHAPTER 3 ... (SIADH), and Diabetes (Diabetic Ketoacidosis [DKA] and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome [HHS]) 191Conclusion 20 2Case Application 20 3Final Check-up 20 5Contentsxiiixiv Fluids and Electrolytes ... Hypomagnesemia and Hypermagnesemia 123 xx Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi edWe believe that you will fi nd Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi ed helpful in increasing your understanding of this...

... The normal range for CO 2 content is 23 –30 mEq/L (or mmol/L) for adults, 20 28 mEq/L (or mmol/L) for infants and children, and 13 22 mEq/L (or mmol/L) for newborns. The CO 2 level, as an indication ... 98–108 mmol/L• Calcium (Ca 2 ), serum: 8.5–10.5 mg/dL, or 2. 1 2. 7 mmol/L, for adults; can elevate to 12 mg/dL in childen with growth spurts and bone growth38 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi edcount. ... test values (Pco 2 and HCO3).4Pco 2 The Pco 2 measures the partial pressure of CO 2 in the arterial blood and is an indication of ventilation. Commonly, 90 percent of the CO 2 in the body...

... Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 20 06.Needham A. Comparative and Environmental Physiology Acidosis and Alkalosis. 20 04. Web Sitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidosis68 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi ... hypothalamus and pituitary that will affect the release of hormones that control metabolism (e.g., thyrotropin-releasing hormone [TRH] and thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) and fl uids and electrolytes ... of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests, 3rd ed. St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier, 20 06.Saladin K. Anatomy and Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 20 07.Smeltzer...

... osteomalacia? (a) A 5-year-old homeless child whose primary food source is rice (b) A 36-year-old bed-ridden patient who also has lactose intolerance (c) A 4 2- year-old who spends 3–4 hours ... hours outside daily (d) A 50-year-old postmenopausal female 124 Fluids and Electrolytes Demystifi ed5 Discuss the potential complications related to hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia.6 Determine ... for adults is 8.6–10.3 mg/dL (2. 23 2. 57 mmol/L). In certain situations, ionized calcium levels, which in adults should be between 4.65 and 5 .28 mg/dL (1.03 and 1 .23 mmol/L), provide a better...