... applica-tions of the basic principles of water physics.Because water and wastewater treatment is based onthe principles of water hydraulics, concise, real-worldtraining is necessary for operators ... put, measurement of flow is essential for operation, process control, and recordkeep-ing of water and wastewater treatment plants. FIGURE 5.21 Shows open-channel flow, whether in a surface stream ... pp. 5-2 – 5-3 .14. Metcalf & Eddy, Wastewater Engineering: Collection and Pumping of Wastewater, McGraw-Hill, New York,1981, p. 11.15. Adapted from Lindeburg, M.R., Civil Engineering Ref-erence...