WETLAND PLANTS: BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY - CHAPTER 8 pptx

... terrain and dis- places more beneficial plants. It has little wildlife value and many wildlife and wetland managers in the U.S. strive to control it (Wijte and Gallagher 1996a, b). L1372 - Chapter 8 ... example, the islands of New Zealand have received 42 wetland plant species and they have exported only one (Cook 1 985 ). Exotics amount to about 20% of New Zealand’s we...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... combinations (Finlayson and Von Oertzen 1993). 2. Inland Forested Wetlands Inland forested wetlands are referred to as either basin wetlands or riverine wetlands, according to their location in the landscape and ... southwestern Michigan). (Photo by H. Crowell.) L1372 - Chapter 2 04/25/2001 9: 28 AM Page 58 © 2001 by CRC Press LLC 2 Wetland Plant Communities I. Wetland Plant...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 1 982 ; Grace and Wetzel 1 982 , 19 98) , water chemistry (Ewel 1 984 ; Pip 1 984 ; Rey Benayas et al. 1990; Rey Benayas and Scheiner 1993), and flow rates (Westlake 1967; Lugo et al. 1 988 ; Nilsson 1 987 ; ... weight m -2 yr -1 ; systems with sluggish flows averaged 1090 g dry weight m -2 yr -1 , and flowing water wetlands (excluding data on shrub wetlands) averaged...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... 2001 by CRC Press LLC Part II Wetland Plants: Adaptations and Reproduction L1372 - Chapter 4 04/25/2001 9:34 AM Page 85 © 2001 by CRC Press LLC rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs. The stored material ... underwater gas exchange, and Venturi-induced convection. These mechanisms enhance gas diffusion and further enable wetland plants to persist in anoxic substrates (Dacey 1 980 ,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... Linthurst and Reimold 1978b; Gallagher et al. 1 980 ; Hardisky 1 980 ; Hopkinson et al. 1 980 ; Shew et al. 1 981 ; Groenendijk 1 984 ; Houghton 1 985 ; Jackson et al. 1 986 ; Dickerman et al. 1 986 ; Cranford ... by wet- land plants may be carried out of the wetland into downstream waters where it is broken down and consumed. The plant matter produced in wetlands is vital both within t...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... increased wetland area in some regions. For example, in a 2 9 8- km 2 region of northern Minnesota, beavers increased the area of wetlands and open ponds from about 2200 ha in 1940 to 3700 ha in 1 988 (Johnston ... phase. Four wetland community types exist on all of the lobes: freshwater wetlands (includ- ing both marshes and swamps), and intermediate, brackish, and salt marshes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... the wetland (we include enhanced wetlands in restored wetlands) Created A new wetland, made on a site where there were not wetlands in the past Mitigation Wetlands constructed to replace wetlands ... range between 0.1 and 4.7 g N m -2 yr -1 and between 0.005 and 0.22 g P m -2 yr -1 in moderate to cold climates, and up to 10.0 g N m -2 yr -1 and 0.5 g P m...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... after 8 Months after 1 Month after 8 Months (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) Wetland A 18 56.6 72.9 19 .8 11 .8 Wetland B 18. 5 55.7 72.5 21.1 16 Wetland C 22.6 18. 3 66.6 4.6 2.5 Wetland D 27 14 .8 65 26 .8 ... (transition zone), and the upland. The vegetation of the transi- tion zone contains species common to both the wetland and adjacent upland. B. Wetland Boundaries...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 09:21

... in the next chapter, we will discuss how damaged lands can be restored and how natural and semi-natural lands can be managed for long- term ecological health. 1 68 APPLICATIONS Box 8- 2 Guidelines ... Categories 5 to 8 of our natural lands typology in Chapter 7: working lands, local nature areas, parks and recreation areas, and “accidental” urban and suburban open spaces. In...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 14:20

... (192.1 68. 32.0 to 192.1 68. 32.255) O 192.1 68. 32.0/19 [110/22 984 0] via 10.1.1.3 Æ (192.1 68. 32.0 to 192.1 68. 63.255)  If a packet destined to 192.1 68. 32.1 is directed toward 10.1.1.1, because 192.1 68. 32.1 ... because 192.1 68. 32.100 doesn't f all within 192.1 68. 32.0/26 (192.1 68. 32.0 through 192.1 68. 32.63), but it does fall within the 192.1 68. 32.0/24 destination...

Ngày tải lên: 05/07/2014, 03:20